|
on Investment |
| By: | Yolanda F. Rebollo-Sanz (Universidad Pablo de Olavide); Núria Rodríguez-Planas (City University of New York (CUNY), Queens College; Institut d’Economia de Barcelona (IEB); Universitat de Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of a 22% minimum wage increase in Spain on January 2019 on intimate partner violence using a doubly robust difference-in-differences strategy with inverse probability weighting and the nationally representative Survey of Violence Against Women. We find no effect of the reform on physical or sexual violence. Furthermore, treated women—those with a high predicted probability of working at minimum-wage jobs—experienced a 42% increase in psychological violence. Labor-market analysis of survey respondents reveals that the reform led to a substitution away from female employment towards her partner’s employment, reducing women’s bargaining power within the household. For women whose partner is five years older, the increase in violence is not accompanied with lower female labor-market engagement, providing evidence of alternative mechanisms, such as disrupted gender roles, or instrumental violence. These findings highlight unintended consequences of wage policy and highlight the need for complementary policies and services addressing the dangers of gender-based and domestic violence. |
| Keywords: | Minimum wage increase, doubly robust difference-in-differences with inverse probability weighting self-reported psychological, physical, and/or sexual abuse by partner |
| JEL: | J31 J16 J12 J38 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pab:wpaper:25.09 |
| By: | Marianne Lefebvre (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Laure Latruffe (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Maxime Colin (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Adeline Alonso Ugaglia (UMR SAVE - Santé et agroécologie du vignoble - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) - Bordeaux Sciences Agro - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Julie Borg (PSH - Plantes et systèmes de culture horticoles - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Yann Desjeux (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Gaëlle Leduc (UB - Université de Bordeaux, D-ERDW - Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich] - ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]); Aurélien Milliat (IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Laure Perchepied (IRHS-VADIPOM - IRHS - Équipe VaDiPom (Valorisation de la Diversité des Pomoïdées) - IRHS - Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences - UA - Université d'Angers - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Yann Raineau (UR ETTIS - Environnement, territoires en transition, infrastructures, sociétés - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Achieving ambitious pesticide reduction goals calls for collaboration and shared vision among multiple stakeholders. This study evaluates whether this is the case in three French pesticide-intensive production sectors: vine-growing, orchards and fruits & vegetables farming. To do so, it uses the Q-method to assess farmers' decision-making criteria when selecting crop protection strategies, taking stock of technical, economic, and organizational constraints, as well as health and environmental impacts. It also compares these criteria with the perspectives of researchers and advisors on farmers' priorities. After combining a factor analysis with a fractional multilogit model accounting for factor loadings, the findings reveal four distinct profiles across the sample: a competitiveness-oriented approach; a focus on reducing health and environmental impacts; a risk management perspective; and an integrated vision combining multiple priorities. Being a farmer, advisor, or researcher significantly influences the likelihood of belonging to one profile or another. However, close interactions between farmers, researchers, and advisors help bridge differences in priorities, fostering more closely aligned perspectives on crop protection strategies. These results point to key indicators that researchers and advisors could leverage to better inform farmers about alternative crop protection methods, ultimately supporting more sustainable agricultural practices. |
| Keywords: | Farm advisory services, Multi-stakeholder, Crop protection, Decision-making criteria, Q-method, Pesticides |
| Date: | 2026–01–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05426595 |
| By: | I. Sebastian Buhai |
| Abstract: | Wage dispersion and job-to-job mobility are central features of modern labour markets, yet canonical equilibrium search models with exogenous job-offer ladders struggle to jointly account for these facts and the magnitude of frictional wage inequality. We develop a continuous-time equilibrium search model in which match surplus follows a diffusion process, workers choose on-the-job search and separation, firms post state-contingent wages, and the cross-sectional distribution of match states endogenously determines both outside options and the job ladder. On the theoretical side, we formulate the problem as a stationary mean field game with a one-dimensional surplus state, characterize stationary mean field equilibria, and show that equilibrium separation is governed by a free-boundary rule: matches continue if and only if surplus stays above an endogenous threshold. Under standard regularity and Lasry-Lions monotonicity conditions we prove existence and uniqueness of stationary equilibrium and obtain comparative statics for the separation boundary, wage schedules, and wage dispersion. On the quantitative side, we solve the coupled HJB and Kolmogorov system using monotone finite-difference methods and interpret the discretization as a finite-state mean field game. The model is calibrated to micro evidence on stochastic match productivity, job durations, tenure-dependent separation hazards, wage growth, and job-to-job mobility. The stationary equilibrium delivers a structural decomposition of wage dispersion into stochastic selection along job spells, equilibrium on-the-job search and the induced job ladder, and equilibrium wage policies with feedback through outside options. We use this framework to quantify how firing costs, search subsidies, and changes in match-productivity volatility jointly shape mobility, the job ladder, and the cross-sectional distribution of wages. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.07024 |
| By: | Agora Verkehrswende (Ed.); Dezernat Zukunft (Ed.) |
| Keywords: | Verkehrspolitik, Verkehrsinfrastruktur, Infrastrukturfinanzierung, Öffentlicher Nahverkehr, Elektrofahrzeug, Deutschland |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dzimps:334909 |
| By: | Lucidi, Stefano; Niedick, Lars; Sörries, Bernd |
| Abstract: | Im Zuge der Verlängerung der Frequenznutzungsrechte verpflichtete die Bundesnetzagentur die etablierten Mobilfunknetzbetreiber, bis zum Jahr 2030 eine bundesweite Flächenabdeckung von 99, 5% mit Mobilfunkdiensten sicherzustellen. Je umfassender solche Versorgungauflagen sind, desto weniger können sich die Mobilfunknetzbetreiber durch unterschiedliche räumliche Versorgungsstrategien im Markt differenzieren. Insoweit könnten solche Versorgungsauflagen im Widerspruch zum Infrastrukturwettbewerb, ein Leitbild des europäischen und nationalen Rechtsrahmens, stehen. Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Studie wird deshalb das mögliche Spannungsverhältnis von Versorgungsauflagen und Infrastrukturwettbewerb analysiert. Da modernste Mobilfunktechnologien die technischen Vorgaben der Telekommunikations-Mindestversorgungsverordnung (TKMV) erfüllen, besteht das Interesse, außerhalb von Messungen vor Ort festzustellen, bei welchen Adressen die in der TKMV festgelegten Datenübertragungsraten im Up- und Downlink mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit vorliegen. Die Studie greift diese Diskussion auf und prüft netztechnische Parameter und vorhandene Daten, die für eine Prognose der Versorgungsqualität verwendet werden könnten. Die Studie zeigt, dass der deutsche Mobilfunkmarkt durch einen Infrastrukturwettbewerb geprägt ist. Gerade für Mobilfunknetzbetreiber, die in ländlichen Regionen einen unterdurchschnittlichen Marktanteil haben, stellt die Flächenversorgungsauflage einen Anreiz dar, den Wettbewerb in diesen Regionen zu verstärken. Netzqualitätsauswertungen zeigen einen Trend abnehmender Qualitätsabstände zwischen den Mobilfunknetzen, was als Indikator für intensiven Wettbewerb und Modernisierungsprozesse interpretiert werden kann. Insoweit ist festzustellen, dass das Ziel eines Infrastrukturwettbewerbs und Versorgungsauflagen kein Gegensatz sein müssen. Im Hinblick auf die TKMV zeigt sich, dass der Mobilfunk grundsätzlich einen Beitrag zur Grundversorgung leisten kann. Die tatsächliche Eignung ist jedoch von den verfügbaren Kapazitäten, der Nutzerzahl pro Funkzelle sowie potenziellen Priorisierungsinstrumenten, wie etwa Network Slicing, abhängig. Die derzeit verfügbare Datengrundlage über Qualitätsparameter in den Mobilfunknetzen ist jedoch weder hinreichend harmonisiert noch methodisch einheitlich. Dies erschwert eine verlässliche Einschätzung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Mobilfunks für das Recht auf Versorgung mit Telekommunikationsdiensten (RaVT). Für eine belastbare Prognose wäre daher ein standardisiertes, interoperables Mess- und Datenkonzept erforderlich, das netzseitige Parameter und nutzungsbasierte Messungen zusammenführt. Darüber hinaus könnte die Entwicklung eines Machine-Learning-Tools zur Prognose der Mobilfunkqualität hilfreich sein. |
| Abstract: | As part of the extension of frequency usage rights, the Federal Network Agency required established mobile network operators to ensure nationwide coverage of 99.5% with mobile services by 2030. The more comprehensive such coverage obligations are, the less mobile network operators can differentiate themselves in the market through different geographical coverage strategies. In this regard, such coverage obligations could conflict with infrastructure competition, a guiding principle of the European and national legal framework. The first part of this study therefore analyzes the potential conflict between coverage obligations and infrastructure competition. Since advanced mobile communications technologies meet the technical requirements of the Telecommunications Minimum Supply Ordinance (TKMV), there is interest in using forecasts to determine at which addresses the data transmission rates specified in the TKMV are highly likely to be available in the uplink and downlink, beyond on-site measurements. The study takes up this discussion and examines network parameters and existing data that could be used to forecast service and coverage quality. The study shows that the German mobile communications market is characterized by infrastructure competition. For mobile network operators with a below-average market share in rural areas, the coverage obligation provides an incentive to intensify competition in these regions. Network quality evaluations show a trend toward decreasing quality differences between mobile networks, which can be interpreted as an indicator of intense competition and modernization processes. In this respect, it can be said that the objectives of infrastructure competition and coverage obligations do not have to be in conflict with each other. With regard to the TKMV, the mobile communications network can contribute to ensure basic service provisions. However, its actual suitability depends on available capacities, the number of users per cell, and potential prioritization tools such as network slicing. At present, the available data on mobile network quality parameters is neither sufficiently harmonized nor methodologically consistent. This makes it difficult to reliably assess the performance of mobile communications in terms of fulfilling the right to supply with telecommunications services (RaVT). A reliable forecast would therefore require a standardized and interoperable measurement and data concept that combines network parameters and usage-based measurements. In addition, the development of a machine learning tool to forecast mobile communications quality could further support such analyses. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wikdps:334502 |
| By: | Zuloaga, Gonzalo; Plückebaum, Thomas; Kulenkampff, Gabriele; Eltges, Fabian |
| Abstract: | Diese Studie analysiert die energie- und emissionsbezogenen Wirkungen der Kupfer-Glasfaser-Migration im deutschen Anschlussnetz vor dem Hintergrund der klimapolitischen Zielsetzungen des European Green Deal, der seit 2019 eine Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen um 50 % bis 2030 sowie Klimaneutralität bis 2050 vorsieht. Ziel der Analyse ist es, den Beitrag des Glasfaserausbaus zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und zur Reduktion der CO₂-Emissionen differenziert zu bewerten und auf Basis szenariobasierter Modellrechnungen Maßnahmen zu identifizieren, die diese Effekte gezielt unterstützen. Methodisch basiert die Studie auf einem Bottom-Up-Modellansatz. In einem ersten Schritt wird über eine detaillierte Netzdimensionierung das Mengengerüst sowohl der passiven Infrastruktur für den FTTH/B-Netzausbau als auch der aktiven Netzkomponenten für den Netzbetrieb ermittelt. Der Ausbau berücksichtigt ausschließlich die noch erforderlichen Trassenkilometer für eine flächendeckende Glasfasererschließung. Das Mengengerüst des Netzbetriebs differenziert nach Zugangstechnologien und wird im Zeitverlauf durch die modellierte Kupfer-Glasfaser-Migration variiert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden diese Mengengerüste mit technologiespezifischen Stromverbräuchen und globalen Emissionsfaktoren für Deutschland verknüpft, sodass sowohl der Energieverbrauch als auch die CO₂-Emissionen von Netzausbau und -betrieb jahresbezogen bis 2050 ermittelt werden können. Die zugrundeliegende Datenbasis besteht aus gemeindespezifischen Struktur- und Versorgungsdaten von DESTATIS, dem Breitbandatlas der Bundesnetzagentur sowie technischen und umweltbezogenen Kenndaten einzelner Netzelemente, insbesondere standardisierte Energiegrenzwerte aus dem EU Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment. Die Modellergebnisse zeigen, dass eine vollständige Anschlussmigration auf FTTH relevante Energieeinsparpotenziale aufweiset, die die Emissionen des Glasfaserausbaus bis 2040 vollständig amortisieren. Somit ist bis 2050 mit einer insgesamt positiven Netto-Bilanz des Glasfaserausbaus durch die Kupfer-Glasfaser-Migration in Deutschland zu rechnen. Ein Verbleib von FTTB-, DOCSIS- oder Mobilfunkanschlüssen würde diese Entwicklung nachteilig beeinflussen und könnte sogar die positive ökologische Netto-Bilanz von Glasfaserausbau- und -Migration gefährden. Zusätzlich kann die Dekarbonisierung des Energiemixes zum Multiplikator der Migration werden. Die Kupfer-Glasfaser-Migration steigert Energieeffizienz im Netzbetrieb, die Dekarbonisierung trägt ferner dazu bei, dass die erzeugte Energie zunehmend ohne CO₂- Emissionen erzeugt werden kann. In jedem Fall ist eine Verringerung des Energiebedarfs oder dessen unterproportionalem Wachstum im Verhältnis zur Steigerung der Datenvolumina von wesentlicher Bedeutung, unabhängig davon, wie sauber die Energie erzeugt wird. Elektrische Energie benötigt immer Ressourcen, und sei es zur Herstellung und Aufstellung von photovoltaischen Kollektoren und Speicherverfahren zum Ausgleich zwischen Erzeugungs- und Verbrauchszyklen. Ein Verbrauch für die Telekommunikation bedeutet immer, dass diese ggf. sauber erzeugte Energie für andere Zwecke nicht zur Verfügung steht, sieht man einmal von den Kosten für die Energie ab. |
| Abstract: | This study examines the energy- and emissions-related impacts of the copper-to-fibre migration in the German access network in the context of the climate policy objectives of the European Green Deal, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50 % by 2030 and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The analysis seeks to assess, in a differentiated manner, the contribution of fibre deployment to improvements in energy efficiency and reductions in CO₂ emissions, and to identify - based on scenario-based modelling - measures that can effectively enhance these outcomes. Methodologically, the study applies a bottom-up modelling approach. In a first step, detailed network dimensioning is used to derive the quantity framework for both the passive infrastructure required for FTTH/B deployment and the active network components involved in network operation. The expansion considers exclusively the remaining fiber optic network infrastructure needed to achieve nationwide fibre coverage. The quantity framework for network operation is differentiated by access technology and evolves over time as a result of the modelled copper-to-fibre migration. In a second step, these quantities are combined with technology-specific electricity consumption values and national average emission factors, enabling the quantification of both energy consumption and CO₂ emissions from the network deployment and network operation over multiple periods up to 2050. The analysis is based on municipality-level demographical data from DESTATIS, and coverage data from the Breitbandatlas and Bundesnetzagentur, complemented by technical and environmental data of individual network elements, particularly from the standardised energy benchmarks from the EU Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment. The modelling results show that a complete migration to FTTH offers significant energy savings potential, which will completely offset the emissions from fibre optic network rollout by 2040. By 2050, fibre optic expansion is expected to have an overall positive net balance in Germany as a result of the migration from copper to fibre optics. Retaining FTTB, DOCSIS or mobile based connections would have a negative impact on this development and could even jeopardise the positive net ecological balance of fibre optic expansion and migration. In addition, the decarbonisation of the energy mix can become a multiplier for the savings effects of the migration. Copper-fibre migration increases energy efficiency in network operation, while decarbonisation also contributes to the required energy being produced with fewer CO₂ emissions. In any case, reducing energy consumption or ensuring that it grows at a slower rate than the data volumes increase, is essential, regardless of how cleanly the energy is generated. Energy production always requires resources, whether for the production and installation of photovoltaic collectors or for storage methods to balance generation and consumption cycles. Consumption for telecommunications always means that this energy, which may have been generated cleanly, is not available for other purposes, apart from the cost of the energy itself. |
| Keywords: | Glasfaserkommunikation, Energieeinsparung, Telekommunikationsnetz, Netzwerk, Deutschland |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wikdps:334509 |
| By: | Alibhai, Salman; Breza, Emily; Kanz, Martin; Strobbe, Francesco |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the rise of fintech lending in Indonesia, using a dataset of more than 139, 000 individual credit records representative of the full spectrum of consumer loans in the country. The analysis reveals that fintech lending has become deeply embedded in Indonesia’s financial landscape, with more than 40 percent of borrowers holding at least one fintech loan at the end of the sample period. While digital lenders have expanded financial inclusion by reaching significant numbers of previously unbanked households, they remain limited in their geographical reach, primarily finance consumption, and account for only a small share of total consumer credit. Over time, a substantial share of borrowers transition from high-interest fintech loans to more affordable conventional credit. However, this expansion of access brings new challenges: default rates among borrowers who obtain their first loan from a digital lender are 5 to 7 percentage points higher than among borrowers who start with non-fintech loans, and elevated default risks persist even after borrowers graduate to lower-interest rate conventional credit. The paper concludes by assessing the effects of recent regulatory reforms --such as interest rate caps and harmonized reporting standards for digital and conventional loans-- and offers policy recommendations to maximize the benefits of digital financial inclusion while safeguarding credit market stability and financial consumer protection. |
| Date: | 2026–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11300 |
| By: | Gracia Velilla, Sara |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of teleworking on the well-being of the Polish population in 2021. The study does not focus only on well-being, but also attempts to estimate the effect on depression and work-life balance among the population under study. For this purpose, data from the European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS) for 2021 were used, considering demographic variables in the regression models. The findings of this study show that teleworking had a negative effect on the general well-being of the population and significantly increased symptoms of depression. On the other hand, no statistical significance was found in the effects of teleworking on a good work-life balance, with the most relevant explanatory variables being the presence of children and the workload, measured in hours worked. However, it is important to note that the explanatory power of these models is limited, so the estimates made do not capture the most relevant explanatory factors. Once this clarification has been made, the results obtained in this study suggest that teleworking has had negative consequences on mental health in Poland in 2021, especially for women. |
| Keywords: | Telework; Well-being; Mental health; Depression; Work-life balance; Poland; European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS); Gender differences; 2021 |
| JEL: | I12 J1 J2 J8 |
| Date: | 2026–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127621 |
| By: | Bruno Deffains (CRED - Université-Paris-Panthéon-Assas); Claudio Ceccarelli (ISTAT, Italy); Antonio Cappiello (Consiglio Nazionale del Notariato) |
| Abstract: | The exploration of OECD PMR and World Bank data, allowed to understand the impact of regulation on the notarial activity as well as the notarial performances (property transfer and company incorporation) compared to countries not adopting notaries. The last edition of the PMR indicator, as in the past OECD report, shows a trend of negative correlation between level of regulation and cost paid by the consumer for the property transfer. A higher level of regulation therefore tendo to produce better results for consumers precisely because the notary is part of the administration of justice and his services represent a "public good". As regards the comparison of scores between countries that adopt the notary and others that adopt other systems, the analysis of the B-Ready data shows better performances of the countries with notaries both for real estate transfers and for company incorporation. These findings invite a broader reconsideration of how regulation is conceptualized and measured in the context of legal services. From an economic standpoint, the civil law notariat is not a regulatory anomaly, but a functionally efficient institutional design that internalizes market failures, such as information asymmetry, contractual incompleteness, and enforcement risk, at the very heart of transactional life. The data presented throughout the paper demonstrate that regulation does not necessarily entail inefficiency. On the contrary, well-calibrated regulatory frameworks—such as those governing notaries—may reduce total transaction costs by providing legal certainty ex ante, thereby lowering litigation, renegotiation, and enforcement costs ex post. Therefore, this paper calls for a redefinition of what constitutes “efficient regulation” in the legal sector. It advocates for evaluation tools that take into account not only market openness but also the institutional role of legal professionals in delivering public value through trust, risk reduction, and systemic coherence. Such a shift is not merely technical; it is foundational for ensuring that regulatory reform enhances both market performance and legal robustness. |
| Keywords: | professional services, competition, OECD PMR indicators, notaries, law & economics |
| JEL: | K15 K21 K25 L4 L41 L43 L8 L84 L85 L86 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afd:wpaper:2507 |
| By: | Roost, Stefanie Cipriano |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how citizens in a large middle-income country evaluate the design of cash transfer programmes, and whether these preferences shift when vulnerability is framed as climate-induced. Using a pre-registered online survey in Brazil, we combined a multi-attribute conjoint experiment with a climate information treatment. Respondents evaluated programmes varying in benefit level, eligibility, conditionalities, implementing actor, payment schedule and financing. Support depends strongly on perceived fairness and financing choices. Expanding eligibility from extreme poverty to poverty substantially increases approval, while further expansion yields no additional gains. Conditionalities (in particular, empowering ones, such as financial training or health check-ups) raise support, whereas work requirements have heterogeneous effects across different social groups. Financing through personal income tax or cuts to existing programmes enjoys lower levels of approval, while corporate taxation and subsidy reductions are more acceptable. Climate information modestly increases solidaristic attitudes but does not eliminate underlying ideological divides. This study highlights how citizens update not only the extent but also the preferred form of redistribution under climate stress. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:335010 |
| By: | Miller, Noah; Ifft, Jennifer; Scott, Francsico; Fiechter, Chad; Nelson, Blaine |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361144 |
| By: | Paulo M.M. Rodrigues; Dhruv Akshay Pandit; Miguel de Castro Neto |
| Abstract: | While a growing body of research has examined the economic and social consequences of extreme weather, few attempts have been made to collate this evidence into a coherent map. This scoping review addresses this gap by providing the first systematic mapping of research on the socio-economic sensitivity of European regions to short-run weather shocks. Following a PRISMA-ScR protocol, we search Scopus and Web of Science, identifying 77 eligible articles published between 2000 and 2025. We analyse how studies define and measure weather shocks and socio-economic outcomes, the data and methods they employ, the sectors and regions they cover, as well as the associated impacts across sectors and the channels they operate through. Our review finds that weather shocks are consistently associated with reduced output growth, increased heat-related mortality, rising inflationary pressures, and greater inequality, with effects varying by region, sector, and income level. However, we also identify significant gaps in spatial resolution, sectoral coverage, and methodological diversity. By mapping the existing evidence and its limitations, this review provides a structured foundation for future research on weather-related socio-economic risk in Europe. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w202527 |
| By: | Millend Roy; Agostino Capponi; Vladimir Pyltsov; Yinbo Hu; Vijay Modi |
| Abstract: | Electricity markets are under increasing pressure to maintain reliability amidst rising renewable penetration, demand variability, and occasional price shocks. Traditional capacity market designs often fall short in addressing this by relying on expected-value metrics of energy unserved, which overlook risk exposure in such systems. In this work, we present CapOptix, a capacity pricing framework that interprets capacity commitments as reliability options, i.e., financial derivatives of wholesale electricity prices. CapOptix characterizes the capacity premia charged by accounting for structural price shifts modeled by the Markov Regime Switching Process. We apply the framework to historical price data from multiple electricity markets and compare the resulting premium ranges with existing capacity remuneration mechanisms. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.12871 |
| By: | Bastianin, Andrea; Rossini, Luca; Testa, Alessandra |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of global copper supply shocks. We identify exogenous disruptions to copper supply using a Bayesian structural VAR of the world copper market that combines sign and narrative restrictions. We then trace the international transmission of the identified shock using a two-step approach based on country-level models for major copper-importing and exporting economies. We find that copper supply shocks raise producer prices and depress industrial activity in importing economies, while exporters benefit from higher world prices through improved terms of trade. Importer-exporter status alone is insufficient to characterize exposure: heterogeneity in responses reflects differences in manufacturing copper intensity and buffering capacity through secondary copper production. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2026–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:387620 |
| By: | Gerresheim, Nils; Krahé, Max; van 't Klooster, Jens |
| Abstract: | Der US-Dollar verliert an Reservewährungsdominanz. Bisher konnte der Euro davon kaum profitieren. Wir untersuchen, ob eine stärkere Internationalisierung des Euro wünschenswert wäre. Dazu analysieren wir die strukturellen Vor- und Nachteile einer Reservewährung und quantifizieren die Effekte einer hypothetischen Euro-Dominanz. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen leicht positive Nettoeffekte von 0, 2 bis 0, 8 Prozent des Eurozonen-BIP. Dahinter verbergen sich jedoch beträchtliche Bruttoeffekte einzelner Kanäle. Eine Eurodominanz vergleichbar mit der des US-Dollar heute erscheint somit nicht eindeutig vorteilhaft: Während niedrige Kapitalkosten erhebliche Vorteile bieten, würde eine potenzielle Währungsaufwertung signifikante Kosten und sektorale Umverteilungen implizieren. Eine beschränktere Internationalisierung des Euros wäre nur vorteilhaft, falls es möglich ist, eine übermäßige Aufwertung zu vermeiden. |
| Keywords: | Reservewährung, Wechselkurse, Euro, Geldpolitik |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dzimps:334898 |
| By: | Zhu, Junjian; Rutledge, Zachariah |
| Abstract: | The specialty crop farming sector in the United States faces growing challenges as farm labor becomes increasingly scarce and wages continue to rise. This issue is particularly acute in California, the nation’s leading producer of specialty crops, where production relies heavily on manual labor. With over half of US fruits and one-third of vegetables now imported from countries with lower labor costs, domestic producers argue they are losing their competitive edge because they cannot pass higher labor costs onto buyers who increasingly source their goods from low wage international markets. In this study, we develop an equilibrium displacement model to simulate the impact of rising farm labor costs on the farm gate prices of specialty crops grown in the United States. We complement our simulation analysis with a set of reduced-form regressions. Our preliminary simulations suggest that a 10% increase in the real earnings of crop farmworkers causes farm gate prices to rise by about 4.4%. Reduced-form results show elasticity estimates roughly half that size. |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361076 |
| By: | Steinbach, Sandro; Yildirim, Yasin; Zurita, Carlos |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361030 |
| By: | Yu Liu; Wenwen Li; Yifan Dou; Guangnan Ye |
| Abstract: | Understanding decision-making in multi-AI-agent frameworks is crucial for analyzing strategic interactions in network-effect-driven contexts. This study investigates how AI agents navigate network-effect games, where individual payoffs depend on peer participatio--a context underexplored in multi-agent systems despite its real-world prevalence. We introduce a novel workflow design using large language model (LLM)-based agents in repeated decision-making scenarios, systematically manipulating price trajectories (fixed, ascending, descending, random) and network-effect strength. Our key findings include: First, without historical data, agents fail to infer equilibrium. Second, ordered historical sequences (e.g., escalating prices) enable partial convergence under weak network effects but strong effects trigger persistent "AI optimism"--agents overestimate participation despite contradictory evidence. Third, randomized history disrupts convergence entirely, demonstrating that temporal coherence in data shapes LLMs' reasoning, unlike humans. These results highlight a paradigm shift: in AI-mediated systems, equilibrium outcomes depend not just on incentives, but on how history is curated, which is impossible for human. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.11943 |
| By: | J. Sebastian Leguizamon (Western Kentucky University); Susane Leguizamon (Western Kentucky University); James Alm (Tulane University) |
| Abstract: | It is increasingly recognized that race interacts in important ways with taxation, including taxation of the family. In this paper, we quantify the racial disparity in the magnitude of the "marriage penalty" or "marriage bonus" in the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) using individual micro-level data from the Current Population Survey from 1992 to 2019. We find that among households experiencing a penalty, low-income Black households' is, on average, 22 percent larger than that for low-income white households, even when their family income levels are largely the same. These racial inequities are troubling, given the impact of this program on low-income individuals across the United States. |
| Keywords: | EITC, Marriage, taxable unit, marriage penalty and bonus, race |
| JEL: | H24 J12 J16 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tul:wpaper:2506 |
| By: | De Santis, Roberto A.; Cardamone, Dario |
| Abstract: | We examine the state dependence of monetary policy transmission and the parameters of the Phillips curve, dynamic IS equation, and Taylor rule across four regimes defined by joint deviations of inflation from the Federal Reserve’s target and output from potential. The analysis uncovers important regime-specific asymmetries. The Taylor principle holds across all four regimes. The systematic policy response to the output gap weakens when inflation is below target but output remains above potential, whereas the response to inflation is broadly similar across regimes. The size of monetary policy shocks is significantly larger when inflation exceeds its target. The Phillips curve steepens when inflation exceeds target and output is above potential, while output sensitivity to interest rate changes declines under high inflation and economic slack. This explains why monetary policy shocks are significantly larger in inflationary booms, but transmission becomes less effective when elevated inflation coincides with economic slack. JEL Classification: C32, E52 |
| Keywords: | DIS curve, monetary transmission, Phillips curve, state dependence, Taylor rule, threshold VAR |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263175 |
| By: | Lei, Xinyuan; Nian, Weifang; Qiu, Huanguang; Ding, Yawen |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360901 |
| By: | Joana Passinhas; Isabel Proença |
| Abstract: | In 2022, the euro area started to experience very high levels of inflation relative to its history, prompting the European Central Bank to raise reference rates by 450 basis points from July 2022 to September 2023. The market anticipated this, with the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, that frequently serves as the reference rate in housing loans, rising as early as March 2022. In this context, we study the benefits of a debt service-to-income (DSTI) limit, namely the Portuguese one set in 2018, in changing the loan service-to-income (LSTI) ratio distribution of new loans for house purchase in the low interest rate (before March 2022) and in the new increasing interest rate environment. Using instrumental variable quantile regressions, we obtain the benefits of the limit by comparing the LSTI distribution of loans under the DSTI limit versus the one of loans included in the exceptions (i.e. with DSTI ratios above the limit). Findings show that DSTI limits effectively keep risky loans from entering the market and reduce individuals effort rate in both the low and rising interest rate environment. The benefits of the DSTI limit became more pronounced after interest rates began rising, highlighting their role in maintaining stringent lending standards in a higher-interest environment. |
| JEL: | C21 C26 E58 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w02524 |
| By: | Horacio Ortiz (CEFC - Centre d'études français sur la Chine contemporaine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article analyses how financial intermediaries explored contradictions between Chinese political, economic and social specificities and the standards of global financial practice, in a way that fostered the growth of China's share in global foreign direct investment (FDI) during the 2010s. During this period, China's share in global outbound FDI increased sharply, so that China became the second largest recipient of FDI and the third largest source of FDI worldwide. The article is based on qualitative research with financial professionals working in cross-border mergers and acquisitions and in venture capital and private equity funds during the 2010s. Drawing on the literature on financial intermediaries, FDI drivers and the political economy of China, it examines how these intermediaries transformed their investment rationales and used the malleability of standardized organizational forms to integrate understandings and interests that were often divergent or contradictory. These concern the contradiction between the priority that financial procedures give to the maximization of investment returns and market efficiency, against the central role played by the Chinese state, the Communist Party of China and state-owned enterprises. This role lies in a combination of profit-oriented discipline and policy aims concerning the transformation of the economic structure, poverty reduction, middle-class consumption, technological advancement, nation-building and geopolitical confrontations. The analysis allows us to understand financial intermediaries' capacity to create transaction opportunities in the face of contradictions and oppositions, as well as how they fostered the rise of China in global FDI without the country fulfilling the liberal hopes of financial globalization that had marked the two decades after 1990. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05408109 |
| By: | Tomova, Georgia D; Silverwood, Richard J.; Wright, Liam |
| Abstract: | Survey data are increasingly collected using mixed-mode designs. However, the measurement of survey items may differ across modes, introducing ‘mode effects’, a type of systematic measurement error which can bias analyses of mixed-mode data. While the theoretical mechanisms giving rise to mode effects have been discussed in detail, the empirical evidence on their occurrence and size is fragmented. In addition, while many existing statistical approaches for handling mode effects require unrealistic assumptions, other more suitable approaches remain underutilised due to the need for external evidence on the magnitude of mode effects. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of the experimental literature on mode effects. We searched multiple bibliographic databases, grey literature sources, and implemented backwards and forwards citation screening. Studies eligible for inclusion were (quasi-)experimental, sampled from the general population (or age-, sex-, region-specific strata), and reported mode effect estimates on item measurement. We extracted comprehensive information relating to the study design, sampling, mode effect estimates, and reporting. Ninety experimental studies published between 1967 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria, which included 4, 113 mode effect estimates for 3, 545 unique variables in total. Mode effects were generally small, typically below 0.2 SD. However, larger mode effects were more commonly observed when modes differed by interviewer involvement or by question delivery (visual vs aural), as well as for sensitive items (e.g., sexual behaviour, social life), which aligns with pre-existing theory on the causes of mode effects. Generally, where mode effects occur, they are item-, mode-, and population-specific. Reporting quality varied substantially and insufficient details regarding randomisation compliance, non- response, and uncertainty of estimates were common. We collated all mode effect estimates into a free online database and provide a set of recommendations to improve the reporting of future studies. |
| Date: | 2026–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bc7qn_v1 |
| By: | Elton Beqiraj; Stefano Di Bucchianico; Mario Di Serio; Michele Raitano |
| Abstract: | We use high-frequency Italian administrative data on private-sector employees to examine the impact of monetary policy shocks on wage inequality from 1999 to 2018. We estimate the impulse responses of various wage distribution indicators to exogenous monetary policy shocks, focusing on mean wages, key percentiles, and the Gini index, and distinguishing impacts on monthly gross earnings and full-time equivalent daily wages (our best proxy for unitary wages). Our findings reveal that expan-sionary monetary policy shocks significantly increase mean wages and reduce wage inequality, in addition to their positive effects on employment and economic activity. These distributional gains mainly accrue to workers in the medium-low segments of the wage distribution. Comparing monthly and unitary wages reveals markedly different responses, indicating that the intensive margin plays a crucial role. Two additional findings emerge when distinguishing workers' subgroups. First, workers employed in small and medium-sized firms benefit comparatively more from expansionary monetary shocks, pointing to a more substantial easing of firms' financial constraints. Second, the wage gap between blue-collar and white-collar workers narrows. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy shocks; Wage inequality; Employment levels; Administrative data; Labour market; Italy |
| JEL: | D63 E50 E52 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sap:wpaper:wp270 |
| By: | David Carassus (LIREM - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Céline Chatelin (LIREM - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | Les défis de la transformation managériale locale : symptômes et traitement |
| Keywords: | Management public, Pensée complexe |
| Date: | 2025–09–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05434030 |
| By: | Costa-Font, Joan; Frank, Richard; Raut, Nilesh |
| Abstract: | The financing of long-term care services and supports (LTSS) relies heavily on self-insurance in the form of housing or financial wealth. Exploiting both local market variation in housing prices and individual-level variation in stock market wealth from 1996 to 2016, we show that exogenous wealth shocks significantly reduce the probability of LTCI coverage, without altering Medicaid eligibility among people with housing and financial assets. The effect of shocks to liquid wealth strongly dominates the effect of housing wealth changes. A $100 K increase in housing (financial) wealth reduces the likelihood of LTCI coverage by 1.24 (3.22) percentage points. |
| Keywords: | long-term care insurance; housing assets; Medicaid; house prices; stock market price index; instrumental variables |
| JEL: | I18 J14 |
| Date: | 2026–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130325 |
| By: | Palak Suri; Maureen L. Cropper |
| Abstract: | We estimate the effects of the first metro rail line in Mumbai using administrative data on assessed property prices from 2011-18 for 723 subzones in the city. Comparing areas within 1 km of the metro with those beyond 1 km but within 3 km, we estimate the effects on property values for commercial, industrial, and residential properties. We find a significant and persistent increase in prices of 6-8% for residential and commercial land use categories in treated areas relative to control areas after Metro Line 1 opens. We show that commute time savings and improvements in employment accessibility are plausible mechanisms underlying these effects. |
| JEL: | O18 R1 R3 R4 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34650 |
| By: | Gao, Long; McCallister, Donna |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360709 |
| By: | Bhandari, Thaneshwar; Gauchan, Devendra; Gurung, Tek Bahadur; Thapa, Yam Bahadur; Panta, Hari Krishna; Pathak, Santosh |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361261 |
| By: | Zia, Mumtahinah; Wang, Zuyi; Kim, Man-Keun |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361107 |
| By: | Oguzhan Cepni; Ismail Genc; Lokman Gunduz; Muhammed Hasan Yilmaz |
| Abstract: | Using a unique dataset of house prices and a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that households in Istanbul reassessed the risks associated with earthquakes following the Kahramanmaraþ Earthquake Sequence on February 6, 2023. The increase in both housing prices and rental rates was relatively subdued in Istanbul neighborhoods with high earthquake risk compared to those in low-risk areas. Furthermore, houses built before the Turkish Earthquake Code of 2007 are heavily discounted in high-risk areas relative to those constructed afterward. Finally, the earthquake risk premium observed in house prices in low-risk areas was smaller in percentage terms for more expensive neighborhoods. These findings have important policy implications for the implementation of earthquake-resistant measures in Turkiye. |
| Keywords: | Difference-in-differences, Kahramanmaraþ earthquake, Earthquake risk premium, House prices |
| JEL: | D80 Q54 R21 R30 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2517 |
| By: | David Carassus (LIREM - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Abstract: | État des lieux des démarches d'évaluation des politiques locales : quel éclairage pour les évaluateurs de demain ? |
| Keywords: | Politiques publique, évaluation |
| Date: | 2025–09–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05434026 |
| By: | Balouktsi Despoina (European Commission - JRC); Joossens Elisabeth (European Commission - JRC); Le Blanc Julia (European Commission - JRC); Pagano Andrea (European Commission - JRC); Zeugner Stefan |
| Abstract: | Housing demand varies considerably between Member States and regions, reflecting diverse demographic and market conditions. In one third of all NUTS 3 regions construction did not manage to keep up with expanding demographic trends. Metropolitan areas have experienced strong household growth, partly due to smaller average household sizes. In contrast, many rural regions face lower demand or even an oversupply of housing. Based on ECFIN-JRC mapadomo data and population projections, a bottom-up approach is applied to estimate housing needs and the housing construction gap at granular, NUTS 3 level. Findings indicate that housing supply should expand significantly to keep pace with projected household numbers. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc144703 |