|
on Investment |
| By: | Umkehrer, Matthias (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany ; Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES), University of Mannheim) |
| Abstract: | "In this paper, I study how the introduction of the nationwide minimum wage in Germany affects career outcomes of young workers who have just entered the labour market. The institutional setting, administrative micro data, and predicted minimum wage exposure allow estimating the causal effects of the policy by comparing cohorts initially affected by the minimum wage or not, while accounting for selection into educational track, endogenous timing of entry, changes in cohort composition, and macroeconomic conditions. Affected cohorts showed higher earnings, but no reduced employment. They worked somewhat more hours, were more likely to start careers at larger and higher-paying employers, less likely to perform occupations more exposed to the minimum wage, and less likely to carry out routine manual or menial tasks. According to these results, the minimum wage does not harm the education-to-work transition, but impacts the mix of both firms and occupations in the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| JEL: | J23 J38 J88 |
| Date: | 2025–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:202516 |
| By: | Wang, Tong; Jin, Hailong |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343974 |
| By: | Kyung-In Hwang (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The South Korean battery industry is navigating a period of significant difficulty. Corporate performance has deteriorated sharply in the wake of the so-called “EV chasm, ” a period in which the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has slowed. Global market share is trending downward, and the United States has rolled back policies that support EV adoption even as Korean firms pursue massive investments in EV and battery production stateside. These three factors are causally interlinked.<p> First, even as overall EV demand has contracted, relative demand for cost-effective, mid-to-low-range EVs has expanded. This phenomenon has meant that Chinese-made lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batterymakers have gained market share, while demand for Korea's ternary batteries has declined. Second, the EV chasm has been most severe in Europe, where EV and battery sales plummeted in countries that rolled back their subsidy programs, with the drop occurring immediately after the policy changes took effect. EVs are still more expensive than their internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts, and government subsidies have been essential to bridging the price gap; the elimination or reduction of these subsidies in many countries has had a direct impact on battery demand. Third, the passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) in the US brought an end to the EV purchase tax credit. This too will inevitably have a negative impact on the Korean battery industry. In Europe, EV sales fell by 27 percent in Germany and three percent in France after those countries rolled back their EV subsidies; the US market is highly likely to follow a similar path. Furthermore, even the Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit (AMPC) — which remains in effect — will be negatively affected, because if declining sales lead Korean firms to cut production in the US, the value of their AMPC benefits will decline in sync. However, the OBBBA also made it much more difficult for Chinese firms to enter US supply chains and benefit from the AMPC, meaning a European-style loss of market share to China is unlikely.<p> To overcome this confluence of challenges and build on past successes, what measures should the Korean battery industry take? The most urgent task is undoubtedly to stimulate a recovery in the EV market by enhancing battery performance and lowering costs through technological and process innovation. This paper, however, proposes a complementary strategy: to proactively create and capture new sources of demand beyond the EV sector. Military drones and humanoid robots are prime examples. These emerging sectors share three key characteristics: they are poised to evolve into massive markets, are central arenas in the US-China technology rivalry, and, most importantly, they require high-performance batteries. Thus, they hold immense market potential for Korean companies. |
| Keywords: | batteries; battery industry; secondary batteries; energy storage systems; ESS, high-performance batteries; Korean batteries; Korean battery industry; South Korea; China; Chinese batteries; Chinese bat |
| JEL: | Q42 Q48 Q55 L65 L64 L62 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:021836 |
| By: | Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri; Adriana Sofía Rodríguez |
| Abstract: | Colombia registró en 2024 cerca de 450.000 nacimientos, lo que representa una caída del 12% frente a 2023. Este documento examina la evolución reciente de la fecundidad en el país entre 1998 y 2024, con énfasis en los determinantes socioeconómicos asociados a la maternidad. A partir de los microdatos de nacimientos de las Estadísticas Vitales del DANE y del Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda de 2018, se analiza la dinámica de la maternidad según edad, nivel educativo, régimen de aseguramiento en salud, estado civil y región, complementada con información municipal sobre informalidad laboral y pobreza. Los resultados evidencian una reducción sostenida del número de nacimientos en todos los grupos estudiados. Sin embargo, cerca del 20% de los nacimientos continúan correspondiendo a niñas y adolescentes entre los 10 y 19 años, con marcadas diferencias regionales. La evidencia muestra una correlación positiva entre embarazo adolescente, informalidad laboral y necesidades básicas insatisfechas, así como una relación negativa con el nivel de desarrollo económico municipal. Las brechas regionales son persistentes. Mientras que los departamentos andinos presentan tasas de fecundidad más bajas, las regiones Caribe y Amazonas mantienen niveles elevados. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de políticas públicas que aborden los determinantes estructurales del embarazo adolescente y mitiguen sus efectos sobre la desigualdad y el desarrollo de largo plazo. **** ABSTRACT: In 2024, Colombia recorded approximately 450, 000 births, representing a 12% decline compared to 2023. This paper examines the recent evolution of fertility in the country between 1998 and 2024, with a focus on the socioeconomic determinants associated with motherhood. Using microdata from the universe of birth registers and the 2018 Census, the analysis explores the dynamics of motherhood by age, educational attainment, health insurance regime, marital status, and region, complemented by municipal-level information on labour informality and poverty. The results show a sustained decline in the number of births across all groups analysed. However, around 20% of births continue to occur among girls and adolescents aged 10 to 19, with marked regional disparities. The evidence indicates a positive correlation between adolescent pregnancy, labour informality, and unmet basic needs, as well as a negative relationship with the level of municipal economic development. Regional gaps remain significant: while departments in the Andean region display lower fertility rates, the Caribbean and Amazonian regions maintain high levels. These findings highlight the need for public policies aimed at addressing the structural determinants of adolescent pregnancy and mitigating its effects on inequality and long-term development. |
| Keywords: | Fecundidad, embarazo adolescente, transición demográfica, regiones, Fertility, teenage pregnancy, demographic transition, regions |
| JEL: | J13 I24 R23 J16 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:region:338 |
| By: | Lee, Wonseok; Brorsen, B. Wade; Gillespie, Jeffrey; Boline, Amy; Vandeveer, Monte K. |
| Abstract: | The recent high fluctuations in fertilizer prices raise the desirability of better understanding fertilizer markets and estimating elasticities to include in large structural models for policy analysis. This paper aims to estimate demand and supply functions for nitrogen fertilizer in the United States. However, it is widely recognized that specifying an annual structural demand and supply model to estimate elasticities is challenging. An annual structural model must address issues such as endogeneity from simultaneity, frequent structural change, limited observations and highly aggregated data. To address these issues, we use a graphical approach to select time periods for estimating econometric models. Additionally, two-stage least squares is employed in an attempt to overcome endogeneity. Our finding indicates that the demand and supply of nitrogen fertilizer are inelastic, which means price spikes are going to happen and difficult to predict. Furthermore, the result shows that the international market might be more elastic than the domestic market. If so, international markets can provide a moderating effect on prices during domestic market shocks. However, shocks to the international market could result in the high price spikes, as observed historically |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nccc24:379008 |
| By: | Khairul Firdaus Anuar (Faculty of Technology, Design & Management, UCYP University, Pahang, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Nurhaizan Mohd Zainudin Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study investigates the impact of Transformational Leadership (TL) on Organizational Infrastructure Resources; Knowledge Sharing (KS), Human Resource Management (HRM) and Top Management Commitment (TMC) in Malaysian construction organizations. Grounded in the Contingency Theory, this research posits that TL is strategic in nature by assisting in aligning internal capabilities to performance goals within a project-driven environment. Methodology/Technique - Using a survey method, this study obtained usable responses to investigate the extent to which these variables affect performance, using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) analysis. Findings - The results of the empirical study reveal that TL has a significant positive influence on all three KS dimensions (KS among projects, KS within projects, and KS within organizations), HRM, and TMC. These results highlight the importance of TL for knowledge-oriented collaboration, the intensification of HR practices, and the strengthening of executive alignment. Novelty - The research adds to the leadership and construction management literature by presenting the significant empirical proof of organizing TL into the organization's infrastructure. Practical implications argue for the institutionalization of TL-based leadership development and its inclusion in HRM and strategic governance practices to enhance organizational performance in construction firms. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Transformational Leadership; Knowledge Sharing; Human Resource Management; Top Management Commitment; Construction Industry; Malaysia. |
| JEL: | L00 L25 L74 |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr353 |
| By: | Santhosh, Harikrishnan; Mullen, Jeffrey D. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:344035 |
| By: | Dorothee Weiffen; Ghassan Baliki; Tilman Brück; Mariami Marsagishvili |
| Abstract: | Natural disasters, violent conflict and other adverse shocks severely disrupt food systems, causing or exacerbating food insecurity among many communities worldwide. This study examines the impact and mechanisms of an integrated home garden intervention on food security in South Sudan, a context severely affected by conflict, forced displacement, recurrent severe flooding, the COVID-19 pandemic and institutional fragility, where, at baseline, only 29% of households had adequate food consumption. Using a quasi-experimental design with three waves of panel data from 772 households over two years, we find that the intervention increased food security as measured through the Food Consumption Score by 33% after two years (4.4 points, 90% CI [2.8, 6.1], p < 0.01) while significant impacts were absent after one year. Improved nutritional knowledge, increased market-oriented production and, most notably, asset ownership explain 56% of this impact. Our findings demonstrate that home garden interventions are an effective policy tool to improve food access as well as broader resilience-building, supporting economic stabilization and livelihood recovery for highly vulnerable communities in crisis-affected contexts. Given their relatively low cost and high adaptability, home garden interventions merit consideration as a scalable response to persistent food insecurity in crisis settings. |
| Keywords: | conflict, displacement, food security, home garden intervention, humanitarian assistance, polycrisis, resilience |
| JEL: | I31 O12 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:448 |
| By: | Chavas, Jean-Paul; Li, Jian; Wang, Linjie |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343544 |
| By: | Meng-Chi TANG; Mingyao WANG; Ting YIN |
| Abstract: | Passive smoking has long been recognized as a public health threat that imposes negative externalities on non- smokers. To address this issue, Japan implemented a nationwide indoor smoking ban in April 2020, prohibiting smoking in public spaces. We hypothesize that the ban has a more direct impact on families with at least one smoker, as they are more likely to visit public areas where smoking was allowed. Consequently, the policy reduces opportunities for public smoking among these individuals, thereby lowering their children's exposure to second-hand smoke. We examine whether this policy improved the health outcomes of children from smoking households by analyzing the probability of asthma diagnoses among children under two years old in Japan. Using JMDC Claims Database monthly data from 2018 to 2023, we find that children in smoking households have a higher probability of being diagnosed with asthma compared to those in non-smoking households. This gap gradually narrowed after the implementation of the smoking ban. An event study analysis that accounts for staggered policy exposure based on children's birth time shows that the probability of asthma diagnosis among children in smoking households decreased significantly one year after the intervention. An intensity-of-treatment analysis that examines the policy’s effect based on time elapsed since the intervention also reveals a significant reduction in asthma diagnoses among the treated group in 1 to 1.5 years following the smoking ban. These results are robust to environmental factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, under the assumption that treated and control groups were similarly affected by the pandemic. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25122 |
| By: | Nzenwa, Thankgod Nnaemeka |
| Abstract: | Potato is a critical food, nutrition, and industrial security crop in Nigeria. Smallholder farmers are heavily engaged in potato cultivation; however, the availability, accessibility, and affordability of improved potato varieties have hindered adoption and consequently threatened the livelihoods of farmers in Plateau State. Umudike Seeds, an Early Generation Seed (EGS) company, was established to produce EGS for root and tuber crops. By leveraging innovations and technologies developed by research institutes, the company aims to commercialize and scale the production of improved varieties, ensuring a consistent supply of clean and healthy planting materials. A key challenge faced by Umudike Seeds is the limited understanding of the potato value chain and the factors contributing to the low adoption of improved varieties. This gap in knowledge prevents the company from effectively producing and scaling these improved varieties in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how economic, social, and environmental sustainability factors influence the adoption of improved potato varieties, how these factors affect farmers' livelihoods, and strategies to enhance adoption in Plateau State. Both primary and secondary data collection methods were employed to obtain key insights into the challenges. Primary data were collected through surveys, interview checklists, and systematic observations, while secondary data were sourced from relevant literature and reports, accessed through platforms such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate and ScienceDirect. The combination of these methods allowed for the triangulation of data. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, and profit and cost analysis, while qualitative data were processed using Nvivo. The findings of the study identified the economic, social, and environmental factors influencing the adoption of improved varieties, as well as the current level of adoption and the impact of these varieties on farm productivity. Further research highlighted the business case for adopting improved potato varieties, the potential integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to promote potato production, and mechanisms to enhance adoption and improve the robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency of the value chain. Key recommendations were framed around three pillars: economic, social, and environmental considerations. A value chain approach was used to propose key intervention areas based on these pillars. This approach not only outlined a new structure for the potato value chain but also offered upgrading strategies aimed at ensuring its robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency in Plateau State. These interventions are expected to be implemented by key actors within the value chain, considering their respective strengths and roles. It is anticipated that, if responsibly executed, these interventions will enable each actor to contribute to the efficiency of the chain, delivering substantial benefits to all stakeholders involved. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesthe:349217 |
| By: | Wintemute, Garen J.; Robinson, Sonia L; Crawford, Andrew; Schleimer, Julia P; Tancredi, Daniel J.; Shev, Aaron B.; Tomsich, Elizabeth A.; Wright, Mona A.; Velasquez, Bradley; Cruz, Shaina Sta |
| Abstract: | Background: From 2022 to 2024, an annual, nationally representative, longitudinal survey in the United States (US) found high prevalences of support for and willingness to engage in political violence, with differences by party affiliation. The November 2024 US federal election replaced a Democratic administration with a Republican one, led by a president who has repeatedly endorsed use of force by the government against civilians. This study examines changes in support for and willingness to engage in political violence from mid-2024 to mid-2025. Methods: Survey participants were adult (age ≥ 18 years as of recruitment in 2022) members of Ipsos Knowledge Panel. Wave 4 was conducted May 23-June 13, 2025. The primary analysis generated findings for the cohort as a whole. In a secondary analysis, respondents were categorized by self-reported political party and Make America Great Again (MAGA) movement affiliations. Principal outcome measures comprised self-reported justification for political violence, personal willingness to engage in political violence, and expectation of firearm use in future political violence. Results for 2025 were presented as weighted prevalences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Change from 2024 to 2025 was estimated based on the means of aggregated individual change scores for each outcome measure. Results: The 2025 completion rate was 89.9% (8, 248 respondents/9, 179 invitees). For the cohort as a whole, there were only small increases from 2024 to 2025 in the prevalence of the belief that violence was usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 20 political objectives (2024: 32.3%, 95% CI 31.0%, 33.6%; 2025: 35.6%, 95% CI 34.1%, 37.0%) and to advance 16 of 20 specified objectives when these were assessed individually. There were no changes in the prevalence of high-level personal willingness to commit political violence or in expectation of firearm use in future political violence. Despite some increases in support for political violence from 2024 to 2025 among Democrats, MAGA Republicans in 2025 were substantially more likely than strong Democrats to consider violence usually or always justified to advance at least 1 of 20 political objectives (MAGA Republicans 52.2%, 95% CI 48.4%, 56.1%; strong Democrats 32.1%, 95% CI 28.6%, 35.6%) and to advance 10 of those objectives when objectives were considered individually. MAGA Republicans and strong Democrats did not differ in 2025 in the percentages that were very or completely willing to commit political violence by level of severity or against any target population. A small group of non-Republican MAGA supporters had higher prevalences than most other groups on many measures. Conclusions: Support for and willingness to commit political violence increased only modestly from 2024 to 2025 and, where differences existed, remained generally higher among MAGA movement affiliates and Republicans than among Democrats. These findings can help focus prevention efforts. |
| Date: | 2025–12–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bzah4_v1 |
| By: | Anda David (AFD - Agence française de développement); Murray Leibbrandt (University of Cape Town); Vimal Ranchhod (University of Cape Town); Rawane Yasser (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Abstract: | Les disparités croissantes entre les riches et les pauvres restent un défi majeur, touchant les pays de tous les continents, indépendamment de leur produit intérieur brut par habitant. Cet écart grandissant entrave non seulement les efforts visant à éradiquer l'extrême pauvreté, mais il freine également les progrès en matière de justice sociale et de renforcement de la résilience. La montée des inégalités constitue un obstacle considérable au développement durable. C'est dans ce contexte que cet ouvrage contribue aux débats en cours en proposant une analyse approfondie des défis actuels et des perspectives futures des inégalités sur le continent africain. Malgré l'intensification des appels à une fiscalité sur la richesse et à la réduction des inégalités, les progrès restent lents. Un défi majeur réside dans la mise en place d'une trajectoire politique viable pour l'application de politiques de taxation progressive. La résistance des bénéficiaires du système actuel freine souvent ces efforts, rendant les avancées difficiles. De plus, la réduction des inégalités nécessite non seulement une redistribution ex post, mais aussi des mécanismes de pré-distribution qui s'attaquent aux inégalités à la racine. Des politiques ciblant l'éducation, la concurrence, la régulation des marchés financiers et le développement industriel ont le potentiel de créer des opportunités économiques équitables, garantissant l'accès au crédit, la création d'emplois et une croissance économique plus équilibrée. Bien que confrontée à des défis uniques et profonds, l'Afrique est souvent négligée dans ces discussions à l'échelle mondiale. Cet ouvrage vise à placer au coeur du débat les problématiques du continent liées aux inégalités de revenus, à l'accès inégal à l'éducation et aux soins de santé, à la vulnérabilité climatique et à la croissance inclusive. Le livre plaide en outre pour des politiques innovantes, notamment des réformes de la concurrence et des cadres de négociation qui rééquilibrent la relation entre le capital et le travail. Au-delà des réformes politiques, il est crucial de renforcer les capacités des infrastructures de recherche africaines qui oeuvrent à une meilleure compréhension des inégalités. Cet ouvrage, rédigé en collaboration avec le Centre d'Excellence Africain pour la Recherche sur les Inégalités (ACEIR), appelle à une plus grande valorisation des chercheurs africains dans le cadre d'une stratégie de développement plus large. Ce faisant, il s'aligne sur l'engagement de la Banque mondiale et de l'Agence Française de Développement à soutenir la recherche en tant qu'outil essentiel du développement durable. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Genre, Santé, Education, Développement durable, Mobilité sociale, Pauvreté, Changement climatique, Inégalités, Afrique subsaharienne |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05369550 |
| By: | Viktoria Alaverdyan (Central Bank of Armenia); Gevorg Minasyan (Central Bank of Armenia); Aleksandr Shirkhanyan (Central Bank of Armenia) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether macroprudential foreign exchange (FX) regulations unintentionally shift currency risk to sectors not directly targeted by such measures. Using a difference-indifferences framework and a highly granular dataset combining loan-level credit registry data with bank-level balance sheet information, we analyse how Armenian banks adjusted their portfolios following the introduction of a differentiated loan-to-value (LTV) regulation that imposed stricter limits on FX-denominated mortgages. The results show that the differentiated LTV, while tightening borrowing conditions for FX-denominated mortgages, also led to an increase in the dollarization of business loans and a higher share of foreign-currency bonds in banks' portfolios. These shifts imply that FX-related macroprudential policies can reallocate rather than reduce currency risk, emphasizing the need for system-wide oversight to prevent its build-up in unregulated segments of the financial system. |
| Keywords: | Macroprudential policy; Foreign exchange regulation; Loan-to-value limits; Dollarization; Bank portfolio reallocation |
| JEL: | E58 G21 G28 F31 E44 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ara:wpaper:wp-2025-04 |
| By: | Nico Lukas Kasparetz |
| Abstract: | Old diesel cars without modern emissions control technology substantially contribute to air pollution by emitting high amounts of fine particulate matter, which is known to be detrimental to human health. Periodic vehicle registration fees offer a potentially powerful lever to speed up the retirement of old and polluting vehicles, yet little empirical evidence exists on the matter. This paper analyzes how higher registration fees for old and polluting diesel vehicles in the Netherlands accelerate their outflow from the vehicle fleet. It leverages the staggered rollout of diesel particulate filters as factory-fitted equipment to create quasi-random variation in pollution levels across otherwise comparable diesel car models. By applying Synthetic Difference-in-Differences complemented with a hazard model, this paper establishes that the tax increase on old and polluting cars is effective at reducing their numbers, albeit at the cost of being a very regressive policy. |
| Keywords: | Vehicle Retirement, Particulate Matter Emissions, Vehicle Registration Fee, Difference-in-Differences, Survival Analysis, Policy evaluation, The Netherlands, Vehicle Taxes, Externalities, Redistributive Effects, Environmental Taxes and Subsidies |
| JEL: | H23 L62 Q52 R48 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_721 |
| By: | Panyi, Amadeo F.; Raper, Kellie Curry; Peel, Derrell |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343834 |
| By: | Sheresheva, M.Y. (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-46, 119991, Moscow, Russia Author-2-Name: Gorlacheva, E.N. Author-2-Workplace-Name: Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya st. 5, 105005, Moscow, Russia Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - While managing the innovation activity, it is necessary to base it on reliable sources of scientific and technical information, including patent research. However, the existing variety and scale of patent databases necessitate the development of an instrument that enables processing large volumes of patent information within limited timeframes. In these conditions, it is necessary to use machine learning (ML) technology to create a solid information base for management decisions. Methodology - The objective of the study presented in the paper was to propose an algorithm for processing patent data to improve the quality of patent research. The essence of the algorithm is that all necessary patents are ranked according to a relevance criterion, after which the researcher analyzes the already essential patents. Findings - The paper envisages the algorithm's practical realization using a gravity-driven power generator case. Findings indicate that the proposed new instrument enables a significant reduction in processing time for patent data. Novelty - The paper contributes to innovation management by integrating patent analytics and machine learning. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Innovation activity; patent analytics; machine learning technology; a gravity-driven power generator. |
| JEL: | D80 D81 |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber267 |
| By: | Houdret, Annabelle; Furness, Mark |
| Abstract: | L'Allemagne et le Maroc sont liés par une coopération au développement de longue date, qui évolue dans un contexte régional et international en mutation. Ce partenariat mutuellement bénéfique pourrait être considérablement approfondi. Devenu un acteur clé en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest, le Maroc renforce son influence économique, militaire et géopolitique. Il bénéficie de l'expertise, des investissements et du soutien stratégique de l'Allemagne. L'Allemagne quant à elle s'appuie sur la coopération avec le Maroc pour promouvoir ses intérêts économiques, technologiques et diplomatiques en Afrique et en Méditerranée. Aujourd'hui, les dynamiques mondiales redéfinissent la nature de la coopération. La coopération au développement traditionnelle en tant qu'aide apportée par les pays occidentaux aux pays du " Sud global " perd de sa pertinence. Elle évolue vers des relations transactionnelles au bénéfice des gains économiques, commerciaux et politiques mutuels. Cette approche pragmatique doit néanmoins rester ancrée dans des normes de coopération privilégiant droits humains, inclusion sociale et durabilité environnementale - des principes essentiels pour des avantages mutuels durables pour les deux sociétés. L'Allemagne doit s'affirmer comme partenaire défendant clairement ses intérêts, alliant collaboration stratégique et économique à un soutien au développement durable et inclusif. Les compromis éventuels devront être identifiés et adressés ou, si nécessaire, l'Allemagne devra s'abstenir de coopérer dans certains domaines. Malgré un recul notable de la pauvreté, le Maroc fait face à des disparités socioéconomiques significatives et les inégalités se creusent sur fond de changement climatique, d'accès limité à la santé et à l'éducation et d'opacité de la gouvernance. Face à ces défis, les partenaires internationaux peuvent soutenir le Maroc. Le chancelier allemand Friedrich Merz a articulé une politique étrangère qui défend les intérêts et poursuit les valeurs du pays par le biais de partenariats solides avec des pays clés. La coopération au développement en est une composante centrale, tant pour soutenir le développement durable que pour faciliter une politique de coopération globale. Comme l'ont souligné nos interlocuteurs marocains du gouvernement, des institutions publiques, de la recherche de la société civile, il s'agit ici précisément du genre de relation que leur pays cherche à construire. Quatre grands axes stratégiques seront probablement au centre de la coopération au cours de la prochaine décennie : 1. Intérêts géostratégiques - en particulier le statut du Sahara occidental et les relations africaines ; 2. Infrastructure et investissements - surtout infrastructures publiques, connectivité et énergie ; 3. Emploi, compétences et migration - autour de la migration légale, la formation professionnelle et des besoins du marché du travail des deux pays ; et 4. Gouvernance pour le bien commun - y compris l'action pour le climat et une gouvernance transparente, responsable et inclusive au niveau local et international. En plus de 50 ans, la confiance entre l'Allemagne et le Maroc s'est considérablement renforcée dans le contexte de leur coopération au développement, offrant une base solide en vue d'un partenariat à visée plus stratégique. La réalisation de ce potentiel nécessite cependant de clarifier les priorités, la capacité d'adaptation et les lignes rouges de chaque pays. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:333598 |
| By: | Sophie Richit (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Aurélie Hemonnet‐goujot (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | The inherent uncertainty of the innovation process, amplified by the complexity of the Anthropocene, means that marketers are likely to be subject to decision‐making biases that can affect sustainable product innovation. In parallel, new approaches to sustainability and innovation management are emerging, aiming to mitigate such biases and accelerate the sustainable transition. Yet, research into the critical role of individual decision‐making in innovation management is still in its early stages. Drawing on the theoretical fields of behavioural strategy, innovation management and sustainability, and using 19 case studies, our research reveals the existence of three profiles of marketers based on their attitude towards sustainable innovation: ‘conservatives', ‘progressives' and ‘transformers'. We demonstrate that these profiles are linked to specific decision‐making biases and explore how these biases shape the sustainability level of a new product. From a theoretical perspective, by bridging sustainability and innovation management through the lens of behavioural strategy, this paper improves our understanding of why fundamental differences in sustainable innovation processes and outcomes exist. Our research contributes to the existing literature on the topic by developing a typology of marketers towards sustainable innovation, and by identifying new cognitive biases in marketing practices. It reveals which biases hinder sustainable innovation and which ones positively influence the sustainability of new products. |
| Keywords: | decision-making bias, marketing role, new product development (NPD), sustainable innovation |
| Date: | 2025–11–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05389626 |
| By: | Mohamed Chaffai (جامعة صفاقس - Université de Sfax - University of Sfax); Patrick Plane (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | A haircut is more expensive in the United States than in Mali. However, this does not mean that Malian hairdressers are less productive or skilled. The price difference stems from higher productivity in tradable goods in the United States compared to Mali. This productivity gap spills over into the prices and wages of non-tradable goods. It is therefore essential to address this imbalance by aiming to equalize goods prices and account for international productivity differences in tradable sectors. This regulation —through the real exchange rate— can influence the development of the manufacturing sector and its contribution to value added. |
| Abstract: | Une coupe de cheveux est plus onéreuse aux Etats-Unis qu'au Mali. Pourtant, cela ne signifie pas que les coiffeurs maliens sont moins productifs ou moins compétents. Ce surcoût est tout simplement lié au fait que les biens internationalement échangeables bénéficient d'une plus grande productivité aux Etats-Unis qu'au Mali. Cet écart se répercute sur les prix et les salaires de biens non échangeables -il devient alors indispensable de chercher à réguler cet écart, à égaliser le prix des biens et tenir compte des écarts internationaux de productivité sur les biens échangeables. C'est précisément cette régulation -via le taux de change réel -qui peut influencer le développement du secteur manufacturier et sa contribution à la valeur ajoutée. |
| Keywords: | Manufacturing sector, Undervaluation, Overvaluation, Linearity, Real exchange rate, Secteur manufacturier, Sous-évaluation, Surévaluation, Linéarité, Taux de change réel |
| Date: | 2025–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05385172 |
| By: | Bryan Campbell; Michel Magnan; Robert Normand; Genevieve Dufour; Felix-Antoine Johnson; Molivann Panot |
| Abstract: | Based on a comprehensive data set of job postings in the US, we have found that the growth of postings for the bioeconomy between 2018 and 2022 domintates that of the economy during this period. Moreover, the demand for personnel with collegial training has grown relative to the demand for traditional level bachelor’s degrees. In this regard, we have reviewed industry and public policy responses in the US that have recently been placing greater emphasis on practical and operational training that seems to better handled at the collegial level. The postings enable us to trace the growth of various challenging career possibilities in this domain. An even closer look at the postings reveals some marked changes and tendencies in the skills sought by employers, particularly with regard to competence in data management and the regulatory environment. We look at some recent initiatives in the Québec bioéconomie and offer some suggestions to enhance its growth. Sur la base d’un ensemble étendu de données sur les offres d’emploi aux États-Unis, nous avons constaté que la croissance des offres d’emploi dans la bioéconomie entre 2018 et 2022 domine celle de l’économie au cours de cette période. De plus, la demande de personnel ayant une formation collégiale a augmenté par rapport à la demande de baccalauréats de niveau traditionnel. À cet égard, nous avons examiné les réponses de l'industrie et des politiques publiques aux États-Unis, qui ont récemment mis davantage l'accent sur la formation pratique et opérationnelle, laquelle semble mieux gérée au niveau collégial. Les offres d'emploi nous permettent de suivre l'évolution de diverses perspectives de carrière stimulantes dans ce domaine. Un examen plus approfondi des offres révèle des changements et des tendances marqués dans les compétences recherchées par les employeurs, notamment en ce qui concerne la gestion des données et l'environnement réglementaire. Nous examinons quelques initiatives récentes dans la bioéconomie québécoise et proposons des suggestions pour stimuler sa croissance. |
| Keywords: | Bioeconomy, Labor market, Training, Bioéconomie, Marché du travail, Formation |
| Date: | 2025–12–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-30 |
| By: | Marcus Pivato (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In recent work, the author has developed a general category-theoretic framework for decision theory. This paper applies this to the category of orthomodular lattices. Every Boolean algebra is an orthomodular lattice, so this yields a new ("syntactic") model of decision-making with classical uncertainty. The lattice of closed subspaces of a Hilbert space is also an orthomodular lattice, so this also yields a new model of decision-making with quantum uncertainty. |
| Keywords: | syntactic decision theory Boolean algebra quantum uncertainty, syntactic decision theory, Boolean algebra, quantum uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-05398789 |
| By: | Nyondo Christone J.,; Kambewa Patrick S.,; Salonga Dinah T.,; Muyanga Milu |
| Abstract: | ricultural transformation initiatives. We propose practical policy recommendations to refine Malawi's trade regulations. By shifting from restrictive measures to market-driven strategies such as variable export taxes, enhanced production incentives, and streamlined export earnings tracing. Malawi can harness the full benefits of international trade while protecting its economic stability. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2025–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:maappb:349207 |
| By: | Hollandt, Nils Torben; Müller, Steffen |
| Abstract: | Spatial segregation of low- and high-wage workers is a persistent economic issue with broad social implications. Using social security data and an AKM wage decomposition, this paper examines spatial wage inequality in West Germany. Spatial inequality in log wages rose sharply between 1998 and 2008, mainly due to increased variance in worker pay premiums across regions (48%) and stronger positive spatial assortative matching of workers and establishments (40%), i.e. colocation. Changes in establishment wage premia are mostly unrelated to rising colocation whereas labor mobility even reduced it. Instead, growth in worker pay premiums among stayers was concentrated in regions where high-wage workers and high-wage establishments were overrepresented already in the 1990s and, thus, magnified pre-existing colocation leading to 'colocation without relocation'. Germany's rising trade surplus, especially with Eastern Europe, boosted stayers' worker pay premiums in those ex-ante high-wage regions and fully explains rising colocation. |
| Keywords: | assortative matching, colocation, international trade and wages, regionalmobility |
| JEL: | J31 J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:333940 |
| By: | Djeneba Dramé (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPN - Université Paris Nanterre); Florian Léon (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | In an era of economic uncertainty and escalating geopolitical risks, global growth is slowing while inflationary pressures persist. Policymakers face a delicate trade-off: curbing inflation without stifling recovery—a challenge that is especially acute in developing economies, where traditional tools often fall short. While monetary policy is a cornerstone of economic management, its real-world impact in these countries remains debated. Our recent study (Dramé and Léon, 2025) sheds light on this issue by examining how firms adjust their behavior in response to monetary policy changes. We find that managers do react to both tightening and easing measures—but their responses vary widely, revealing significant heterogeneity. |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte marqué par l'incertitude et la montée des tensions géopolitiques, l'économie mondiale navigue en eaux troubles. Les prix restent sous pression, tandis que la croissance montre des signes d'essoufflement. Pour les décideurs, l'enjeu est de taille : comment maîtriser l'inflation sans compromettre la reprise ? Un exercice d'équilibriste, surtout pour les pays en développement, où les outils traditionnels peinent à apporter des solutions durables. La politique monétaire est un instrument clé pour atteindre cet équilibre, mais son efficacité dans les pays en développement reste une question ouverte. Dans une étude récente (Dramé et Léon, 2025), nous examinons cette question en étudiant le comportement des entreprises face à un changement de la politique monétaire. Nous mettons en évidence que les dirigeants d'entreprises réagissent à la fois aux politiques monétaires restrictives et expansives mais que la sensibilité est hétérogène. |
| Keywords: | Developing countries, Firms, Financial constraints, Monetary policy, Pays en dévelopement, Firmes, Contraintes financières, Politique monétaire |
| Date: | 2025–10–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05385539 |
| By: | Arellano-Esparza, Carlos Alberto |
| Abstract: | El bienestar objetivo de las personas está estrechamente vinculado con la garantía de derechos sociales fundamentales como alimentación, salud, educación y vivienda. Este documento examina la relación entre política social y bienestar en México, enfocándose en cómo los derechos sociales se traducen en mecanismos de política pública. Se argumenta que el bienestar objetivo puede examinarse a través de un marco conceptual que vincula necesidades, derechos y política social. Metodológicamente, se desarrolla un instrumento cuantitativo para evaluar el cumplimiento de los derechos sociales y su impacto en el bienestar objetivo, permitiendo analizar el desempeño de la política pública. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de algunos avances, la política social en México sigue caracterizada por una fragmentación estructural que limita su eficacia y genera inequidades en el acceso a derechos básicos, produciendo un cumplimiento heterogéneo que se refleja en niveles de bienestar parciales e insuficientes. Abstract Objective well-being is closely tied to the fulfillment of fundamental social rights including food, health, education, and housing. This paper examines the relationship between social policy and well-being in Mexico, focusing on how social rights translate into public policy mechanisms. We argue that objective well-being can be assessed through a conceptual framework linking needs, rights, and social policy. We develop a quantitative instrument to evaluate social rights fulfillment and its impact on objective well-being, enabling analysis of public policy performance across multiple dimensions. Findings reveal that despite some progress, Mexican social policy remains characterized by structural fragmentation that constrains effectiveness and generates inequities in access to basic rights. This results in heterogeneous rights fulfillment reflected in partial and insufficient well-being levels across the population, particularly affecting vulnerable groups who face systematic barriers to accessing adequate services and protections. |
| Date: | 2025–12–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:59e6m_v1 |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a new way of looking at the New Delhi, India, air pollution regulation problem that pays attention to both the ecological and the economic aspects of this problem. We first construct a theoretical model of air quality in New Delhi. We then show how the dynamic and stochastic properties of air quality in New Delhi can be used to derive two criterion functions for a regulator that are ecologically meaningful. Finally, using these two criteria, we discuss a probabilistic approach to the determination of the optimal length of time during which air quality regulations are in place. In our approach, the objective of the regulator is to maintain the ecological and economic viability of air quality in New Delhi in the long-run. |
| Keywords: | Air Quality, New Delhi, Regulation, Semi-Markov Process, Uncertainty |
| JEL: | Q53 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–02–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126662 |
| By: | Palmer, James R.; Bruno, Christopher; Shah, Farhed A. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:344054 |
| By: | Khachatryan, Hayk; Zhang, Xumin |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:344044 |
| By: | López Villamil, Stéphanie |
| Abstract: | The Venezuelan displacement crisis has become a defining moment in South-South migration dynamics across Latin America. Since 2015, severe food shortages, medicine scarcity, soaring inflation and widespread human rights violations have driven a massive exodus from Venezuela. By June 2024, the deepening humanitarian and economic collapse under Nicolás Maduro's authoritarian government - in power since 2013 - had forced at least 7.7 million Venezuelans to leave the country. Of these, 6.5 million remain in Latin America and the Caribbean, with nearly 3 million residing in Colombia. This situation has posed a significant challenge for the Colombian government over the past decade. On the one hand, Colombian institutions were not equipped to manage large numbers of refugees. On the other hand, host communities have had to deal with long-standing structural socioeconomic issues such as poverty and job informality. Additionally, recent US policy shifts and immense aid cuts have further deteriorated the situation in Colombia. This policy brief focuses on social cohesion dynamics in the Colombian context of the displacement of Venezuelans and Colombian returnees. It shows that negative narratives about Venezuelans have declined over the past ten years. Both communities have learned to live jointly in relative harmony despite the ongoing economic and social challenges they face. This policy brief offers recommendations for improving social cohesion in host communities that receive displaced Venezuelans in Colombia. Key policy messages: • Continue regularisation programmes, ensure equal access to basic services and support socioeconomic and cultural inclusion efforts from governments at the local level for Venezuelans and host communities, especially regarding access to the labour market. • Engage with local peacebuilding actors, both non-state and state, to develop a shared understanding of violence in Colombia and the State's assistance pathways for affected Venezuelans and their host communities. Many Venezuelans struggle to understand the long-standing Colombian conflict and how the violence permeates society and their host communities. • Build on the local efforts to tamp down xenophobia and discrimination by women community leaders who have helped address these jointly with Venezuelans and Colombians. Issues of xenophobia and discrimination, particularly towards women and LGBTQ+ persons, harm social cohesion. • Address negative narratives that are spread mostly through mainstream media, and, in some cases, by local politicians, with fact-checking and positive messages around migration. |
| Keywords: | Social cohesion, displacement, Colombia, Venezuelans, inequality, identity, migration |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:333589 |
| By: | Eric Helland; Minjae Yun |
| Abstract: | Case management by judges is increasingly determining the outcome of litigation, particularly in the multidistrict litigation (MDL) process. One concern is that the MDL process pressures defendants to settle, regardless of the merits, and provides insufficient information on the value of individual cases within the MDL. Critics of the MDL system have suggested two management orders as solutions to these problems. The first is Lone Pine orders, which require plaintiffs in an MDL to produce evidence of injury and causation. The second is bellwether trials, in which the court selects certain cases for trial to provide information on the value of claims and encourage settlement. We examine the impact of Lone Pine orders and bellwether trial processes on the outcomes of cases in multidistrict litigation (MDLs). Using data on MDLs from 1992 to 2017, we find that Lone Pine orders are associated with an increase in the number of cases resolved in the MDL process. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.08997 |
| By: | Benjamin Heymann |
| Abstract: | We model a procurement scenario in which two \textit{imperfect} bidders act simultaneously on behalf of a single buyer, a configuration common in display advertising and referred to as \textit{side-by-side bidding} but largely unexplored in theory. We prove that the iterated best response algorithm converges to an equilibrium under standard distributional assumptions and provide sufficient condition for uniqueness. Beyond establishing existence and convergence, our analysis provides a tractable numerical method for quantitative studies of side-by-side procurement. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.04850 |
| By: | Mattia Guerini (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy.); Giovanni Marin (Dipartimento di Economia, Società , Politica, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy; SEEDS, Italy; FEEM,); Francesco Vona (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; FEEM;) |
| Abstract: | We study how monetary policy shapes firm level carbon emissions. Our identification strategy exploits the European Central Bank’s July 2012 move to the zero lower bound as a plausibly exogenous easing of credit supply, combined with rich administrative and survey data on French manufacturing firms from 2000–2019. Using a difference-in-differences design with debt-to-asset ratios as exposure, we find that financially constrained firms cut emissions by about 9.4% more than unconstrained ones. This effect primarily stems from improvements in energy efficiency, lower carbon intensity of energy, and general productivity improvements associated with capital deepening that outweighed modest scale effects. Small and medium firms drive these results, while large and EU ETS regulated firms show no significant response. On average, emissions fell by 3.3% per year, summing up to 5.3 million tonnes of ð ¶ð ‘‚2 saved. Despite the smaller marginal effects, total carbon savings due to the monetary easing are comparable to the savings from the EU ETS, highlighting the untargeted nature of the policy. |
| Keywords: | Financial constraints, credit supply, firm level carbon emissions, climate policies |
| JEL: | Q52 Q48 D22 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1525 |
| By: | Alexander Lepe; Ingo Kolodziej; Sabine Zinn |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant weaknesses in Germany’s ability to generate timely, equity-sensitive evidence at the household level. While national surveillance systems produced daily counts of confirmed cases, hospitalisations, and deaths, they offered little insight into the social and economic conditions shaping the spread and impact of the virus. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as school closures and quarantines, reduced transmission but imposed substantial and uneven burdens on households. Without representative, real-time data on these impacts, early policy decisions were made with limited contextual information. Germany possesses rich but fragmented health and social data resources. The Robert Koch Institute’s surveillance data, hospital and insurance records, and surveys such as the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) exist in separate silos. Legal and technical barriers, including the absence of a common unique identifier, have prevented rapid linkage. As a result, official statistics failed to capture undetected infections, socioeconomic inequalities, and the full burden of NPIs on households. Evidence from the RKI-SOEP study, which linked SOEP survey data with serological testing, demonstrated that disadvantaged groups faced higher risk of (undetected) infection, lower vaccination rates, and greater psychosocial strain. Linking the SOEP with administrative health data, particularly statutory health insurance claims, could address these gaps. The SOEP is Germany’s largest and longest-running household panel, providing four decades of detailed socioeconomic and demographic information. Integrating this with comprehensive health records would enable the monitoring of infections, health outcomes, and their unequal distribution across social groups. Such a system could support earlier identification of vulnerable groups, help inform targeted interventions, and improve the evaluation of public health measures. The RKI-SOEP study illustrates the feasibility and value of integrating infectious disease data into a household panel. However, its ad hoc design meant findings were not initially available. Establishing a permanent SOEP–administrative health data linkage, with appropriate consent and privacy safeguards, would shorten reporting delays and strengthen Germany’s pandemic preparedness. This approach aligns with the World Health Organization’s Pandemic Agreement, which calls for multisectoral, equity-sensitive surveillance systems. While no single system can eliminate all data blind spots, integrating household and health records would represent a major step toward more timely and equitable public health responses. Beyond pandemic preparedness, the same infrastructure could inform strategies to reduce health inequalities and support a more resilient health system. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1232 |
| By: | Cornfeld, Ofer; Niu, Kaicheng; Neeman, Oded; Roswell, Michael; Steinbach, Gabi; Beckett, Stephen J.; Wardi, Yorai; Weitz, Joshua S.; Yashiv, Eran |
| Abstract: | Infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential present challenges for mitigation and control. Policymakers must reduce disease-associated morbidity and mortality while also minimizing socioeconomic costs of interventions. At present, robust decision frameworks that integrate epidemic and macroeconomic dynamics to inform policy choices, given uncertainty in the current and future state of the outbreak and economic activity, are not widely available. In this study, we propose and analyze an economic-epidemic model to identify robust planning policies that limit epidemic impacts while maintaining economic activity. We compare alternative fixed, dynamic open-loop optimal control, and feedback control policies via a welfare loss framework. We find that open-loop policies that adjust employment dynamically while maintaining a flat epidemic curve outperform fixed employment reduction policies. However, open-loop policies are highly sensitive to misestimation of parameters associated with intrinsic disease strength and feedback between economic activity and transmission, leading to potentially significant increases in welfare loss. In contrast, feedback control policies guided by open-loop dynamical targets of the time-varying reproduction number perform near-optimally when parameters are well-estimated, while significantly outperforming open-loop policies whenever disease transmission and population-scale behavioral response parameters are misestimated – as they inevitably are. Our study provides a template for integrating principled economic models with epidemic scenarios to identify policy vulnerabilities and expand policy options in preparation for future pandemics. Across disease scenarios, we show that policies that temporarily limit economic activity and disease transmission reduce both disease-driven mortality and cumulative loss of economic activity. Our study suggests that future preparedness depends on feasible, robust, and adaptive policies and can help avoid false dichotomies in choosing between public health and economic outcomes. |
| Keywords: | macroeconomics of epidemics; GDP loss; health outcomes; optimal and feedback control; pandemic response |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130372 |
| By: | Berlemann, Michael; Hinze, Jörg |
| Abstract: | Die deutsche Wirtschaft wartet auf die Konjunkturwende. Wie schon insgesamt im ersten Halbjahr 2025 stagnierte das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt auch im 3. Quartal. Ein schwieriges internationales Umfeld und eine bislang nur zaghafte Umsetzung von Reformen durch die neue Regierung - überlagert von immer wieder aufkommenden Störungen innerhalb der Koalition - bremsten weiterhin die Wirtschaftsentwicklung. Nach Regelung der Zollfrage mit den USA und mit der allmählichen Umsetzung der fiskalischen Ausgabenprogramme und Fördermaßnahmen sollte sich das Wirtschaftsklima allerdings bessern. Dies sollte teils schon in den letzten Monaten dieses Jahres, aber vor allem ab kommendem Jahr in den entsprechenden Statistiken sichtbar werden, besonders bei den Bau- und Ausrüstungsinvestitionen. Der staatliche und der private Konsum werden zudem weiterhin die Konjunktur stützen. Lediglich der Außenbeitrag wird bei nur schwachen Exporten und stärker zunehmenden Importen negativ wirken. Für 2025 erwartet das HWWI unverändert im Jahresdurchschnitt ein Wirtschaftswachstum von 0, 2 %. Bei erhöhter Konjunkturdynamik im Gefolge der Fiskalprogramme und Fördermaßnahmen wird dann für 2026 und für 2027, zumal begünstigt durch mehr Arbeitstage (2026 insgesamt 2 ½ mehr als 2025, 2027 nochmals 1 ¼ mehr), mit einem Wirtschaftswachstum von jeweils 1 ½ % gerechnet. Die Inflationsrate für die Verbraucherpreise bewegt sich seit einiger Zeit nahe der Stabilitätsmarke von 2 %, ohne diese allerdings nachhaltig zu unterschreiten. Die Kernrate hält sich weiterhin bei rund 2 ¾ %, nicht zuletzt weil die Lohnabschlüsse im Regelfall über der Inflationsrate liegen und damit bei schwacher Produktivitätsentwicklung auch die der Arbeitskosten. Deshalb wird die Inflationsrate wohl auch im Prognosezeitraum, auch wenn sich kein neuer Inflationsdruck abzeichnet, knapp über der 2-Prozent-Marke verharren. Die Risiken für diese Prognose sind vielfältig. Neben geopolitischen Spannungen belasten die Unsicherheiten durch die Zollpolitik der USA sowie die Handelspolitik Chinas die internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. Binnenwirtschaftlich ist das Reformtempo bislang gering und es mehren sich die Indizien, dass die Sonderverschuldungsmöglichkeiten nicht allein für zusätzliche Investitionen verwendet werden, sondern auch für Ausgaben aus dem eigentlichen Kernhaushalt; das reduziert die möglichen Wachstumsimpulse. Zudem bergen die erforderlichen Reformen in den sozialen Sicherungssystemen, namentlich bei den Renten, einigen Sprengstoff für die Koalition. |
| Abstract: | The German economy is waiting for the economic turnaround. As in the first half of 2025 overall, real gross domestic product stagnated in the 3rd quarter. A difficult international environment and a so far only tentative implementation of reforms by the new government - overshadowed by recurring disruptions within the coalition - continued to slow down economic development. However, following the settlement of the tariff issue with the USA and the gradual implementation of fiscal spending programmes and support measures, the economic climate should improve. This should be reflected in the corresponding statistics in the last months of this year, but especially from next year, especially in the case of investment in construction and equipment. Government and private consumption will also continue to support the economy. Only the balance of exports will have a negative effect with only weak exports and stronger growth in imports. For 2025, the HWWI continues to expect economic growth of 0.2% on an annual average. With increased economic momentum as a result of the fiscal programmes and support measures, economic growth of 1 1/2% is then expected for 2026 and 2027, especially as more working days (2026 a total of 2 1/2 more than in 2025, another 1 1/4 more in 2027). |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwifo:333962 |
| By: | Melanie Borah; Susanne Elsas |
| Abstract: | Analyses of income distributions across households crucially depend on equivalence scales. They define income increments necessary to keep a household’s living standard constant as it is joined by additional adults or children. Such scales have frequently been estimated using income satisfaction data, yet under the assumption that household income, size, and structure are exogenous. The present paper is the first to relax this assumption and consider the possible endogeneity of income and family size in income satisfaction. This involves an empirical analysis of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) using fixed-effects regressions with heteroscedasticity-based instruments. Our results confirm that endogeneity is relevant in regressions of income satisfaction; equivalence weights, however, appear not to be biased significantly. Accounting for endogeneity in income and family size has virtually no implications for distribution and poverty analyses. |
| Keywords: | equivalence scale, income satisfaction, endogeneity, internal instruments |
| JEL: | I32 J13 D31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1234 |
| By: | Olli-Pekka Kuusela; Anupam Khajuria |
| Abstract: | Countries in the Global South face mounting economic, social, and environmental pressures due to rapid urbanization and inadequate waste and material management systems. At the same time, the global transition to clean energy has intensified competition for critical materials, raising the stakes for resource-efficient development. This paper examines how circular economy (CE) strategies can deliver both environmental and development benefits by creating jobs, improving resource productivity, and reducing waste. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy, Recycling (Waste, etc), Sustainable development, Industrial policy, Structural transformation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-104 |
| By: | Theo Palomo (Paris School of Economics (PSE)); Davi Bhering (Paris School of Economics (PSE)); Thiago Scot (World Bank); Pierre Bachas (World Bank); Luciana Barcarolo (Secretariat of the Federal Revenue of Brazil, Ministry of Finance (Receita Federal do Brasil, RFB)); Celso Campos (Secretariat of the Federal Revenue of Brazil, Ministry of Finance (Receita Federal do Brasil, RFB)); Javier Feinmann (EU Tax Observatory); Leonardo Moreira (Secretariat of the Federal Revenue of Brazil, Ministry of Finance (Receita Federal do Brasil, RFB)); Gabriel Zucman (Paris School of Economics (PSE), UC Berkeley) |
| Abstract: | We use population-wide administrative micro-data to provide new estimates of income inequality and effective tax rates by income groups in Brazil, capturing all income and all tax payments. Our data allow us to link businesses to their owners and thus to allocate business income and associated taxes to the corresponding individual firm owners. We provide sharp upward revisions to official inequality estimates: the top 1% earns 27.4% of total income in 2019, one of the highest level recorded in the world. The tax system, which relies heavily on consumption taxes, is regressive: while the average tax rate in the economy is 42.5%, this rate falls to 20.6% for million-dollar earners (roughly the top 0.01% of the distribution), due to the non-taxation of dividends and provisions that reduce corporate tax liabilities. We provide evidence suggesting that inequality in developing countries may be systematically underestimated, as even in Brazil—where dividends are untaxed, and hence incentives to retain income within companies are limited—attributing profits to business owners substantially raises income inequality. |
| Keywords: | Income inequality, effective tax rates, Brazil |
| JEL: | D3 H2 H3 H5 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbp:report:009 |
| By: | Hamilton, Odessa; Jolles, Daniel; Lordan, Grace |
| Abstract: | Introduction: The post-COVID-19 phenomenon of “quiet quitting” could be problematic for UK economic growth because unpaid overtime has been a key contributor to business productivity since the 2008 global financial crisis. Here, we explore the extent to which this phenomenon exists in the UK, and whether the tendency for quiet quitting differs across generations. Methods: We analyzed data from the UK Quarterly Labor Force Survey (QLFS) between 2007 and 2022 to determine changes in hours worked. Quiet quitting was characterized by notable declines in hours worked between 2019 and 2022, benchmarked against 20072018 trajectories. Analyses were demarcated by four commonly defined generational cohorts (i.e., Generation Z [GenZs; 1997–2004], Generation Y [Millennials; 1981–1996], Generation X [GenXers; 1965–1980], and Baby Boomers [1952–1964]). Results: Overall, we found that the UK workforce reduced hours by ~28 h per year in the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Hours lost was most notable in 2022, with hours down by ~36 h. However, in assessing generational differences, quiet quitting was most pronounced in the two younger cohorts. GenZs showed the steepest decline in hours worked, while Millennials worked the least number of hours overall, with no indication of recovery by the end of the study period. Hours declined for GenXers and Baby Boomers, but changes were more moderate, and Baby Boomers showed evidence of a possible rebound to pre-pandemic levels. Discussion: Given the ~24, 568 million UK full-time workers in 2022, our findings equate to over 55 million discretionary hours lost to the labor market per year between 2019 and 2022, 48.1% of which is accounted for by Millennials. Thus, we evidence that quiet quitting has interrupted the recovery of working hours in the UK to pre-pandemic levels, and lost hours are especially attributable to younger cohorts. JEL: J24 J01. |
| Keywords: | quiet quitting; generations; macroeconomic monitoring; Labor Force Survey (LFS); UK labor market; REF fund 2025/2026 |
| JEL: | J24 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130222 |
| By: | García, Laura |
| Abstract: | La visibilidad estadística de las personas con discapacidad es un elemento esencial para el diseño y la implementación de políticas públicas que contribuyan a la observancia de sus derechos con miras a alcanzar la igualdad efectiva y la inclusión de estas personas en la sociedad. Para los países de la región ha sido un desafío permanente contar con información adecuada sobre las personas con discapacidad, que evite la subenumeración y proporcione datos de calidad que reflejen sus condiciones de vida. Con ese propósito, en este estudio, desde un enfoque social y de derechos, se examinan los censos de población y las encuestas de hogares y se analiza en detalle la incorporación de la lista breve de preguntas sobre la discapacidad del Grupo de Washington sobre Estadísticas de la Discapacidad, destacando sus importantes potencialidades e identificando los principales desafíos que plantea en términos de homogeneidad y cobertura. Finalmente, se presentan recomendaciones orientadas a mejorar estas mediciones y fortalecer la integración del enfoque social y de derechos en los sistemas estadísticos nacionales. |
| Date: | 2025–09–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:82464 |
| By: | Edwards, Ryan Barclay (Australian National University); Stambolie, Estelle |
| Abstract: | Using high-frequency financial diaries data from Fijians working in Australia as part of the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme, we examine whether migrants send more money home when they earn more. Regardless of whether PALM migrants earn more or less in Australia over their stay, they tend to send the same regular amounts home to support their families. Exploiting variation within individual migrants over time, we estimate an income elasticity of remittances of around 0.3. These contemporaneous responses are driven by negative shocks, suggesting an immediate pass-through to families back home, where remittances are the main source of income. |
| Date: | 2025–12–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5nhq6_v1 |
| By: | Wang Huan (School of Automotive Business, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, 442002, Hubei, China Author-2-Name: Thoo Ai Chin Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Huam Hon Tat Author-3-Workplace-Name: Kuala Lumpur University of Science and Technology (KLUST), 43000, Selangor, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This paper reviews how supply chain viability (SCV) can be used to improve sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP) in manufacturing. It focuses on recent work examining SCV and SSCP and takes a theoretical and review-based approach rather than on new empirical testing. Methodology - A structured literature review was conducted using academic journal databases to identify recent studies on SCV and SSCP in manufacturing. Forty-six peer-reviewed articles published between 2022 and 2025 were selected, with an equal number of studies on SCV and SSCP. The analysis focused on clarifying how SCV and SSCP have been defined and measured, identifying the main SCV-related capabilities discussed in manufacturing supply chains, and exploring how these capabilities are linked to environmental, social, and economic outcomes. Findings & Novelty - It is shown that SCV studies in manufacturing mainly emphasise capabilities such as agility, resilience, adaptability, visibility, flexibility, collaboration, reconfigurability, and digitalisation, whereas SSCP studies focus on triple-bottom-line indicators. Only a small number of papers examine how SCV capabilities directly affect SSCP. Additional value is provided by mapping key SCV dimensions to environmental, social, and economic performance outcomes in manufacturing and by clarifying how viability extends resilience and links disruption management with sustainability goals. A future research agenda is proposed that calls for rigorous empirical studies on how distinct SCV capabilities influence SSCP across diverse manufacturing contexts and country settings. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | supply chain viability; sustainable supply chain performance; manufacturing; resilience; triple bottom line; literature review. |
| JEL: | L60 M11 C44 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr668 |
| By: | Nguyen Quang Thanh (Faculty of Economic Law, University of Economics and Law, VNU-HCM, Vietnam Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This paper aims to analyze the Vietnamese legal framework on the prevention and abolition of child labor under the influence of the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). The study explores how EVFTA commitments, particularly those embedded in the Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) Chapter, shape Vietnam's legal reforms, institutional adjustments, and enforcement responsibilities relating to child labor. Methodology - The research employs a qualitative approach based on analysis, synthesis, and comparison of secondary data, including international conventions, Vietnamese legislation, academic publications, policy reports, and EVFTA provisions. The study examines the interaction between trade law and labor standards using theoretical lenses such as legalization theory and normative diffusion. Findings - The results show that Vietnam has aligned key elements of its domestic legal framework with ILO Conventions Nos. 138 and 182 following the EVFTA. This alignment is reflected in the establishment of a statutory minimum working age, clearer prohibitions on hazardous work, strengthened child protection standards, and increasing attention to child labor data collection. However, significant enforcement challenges persist, including limited inspection capacity, inconsistent administrative reporting, a large informal labor sector, and socio-economic drivers that continue to push children into labor. Novelty - The originality of this study lies in its integrated analysis of Vietnam's child labor regulations within the broader context of new-generation FTAs, highlighting how trade commitments can influence domestic labor governance. The paper contributes a legal-institutional perspective that links EVFTA obligations with practical implementation barriers, offering insights into compliance expectations shaped by recent developments in EU trade policy. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Commitment to abolish child labor; EVFTA; Labor standards; New-generation FTA; Vietnamese law. |
| JEL: | F13 J83 J88 K31 K33 |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber263 |
| By: | Takuji Fueki (Hitotsubashi University); Masashi Hino (The University of Tokyo); Munechika Katayama (Waseda University); Taisuke Nakata (The University of Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | Government debts have been increasing over the past several decades in many advanced economies, often raising concerns about fiscal sustainability. In this paper, we conduct an information provision experiment to understand the public’s view on fiscal consolidation. The public tends to underestimate the current debt-to-GDP ratio. We find that the provision of the current debt-to-GDP ratio tends to increase support for fiscal consolidation, whereas additional provision of a realistic future projection tends to attenuate that effect. We also find that fiscal policy views are heterogeneous along key socio-economic attributes, but the responses to information provision are not. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfi:fseres:cf613 |
| By: | Rivard, Alexandre; Beauvais, Edana; Merkley, Eric |
| Abstract: | Do non-financial motives drive opposition of new housing? Community furor over the Sen̓áḵw project in Vancouver, British Columbia highlights the potential importance of intergroup attitudes, like Indigenous resentment, in explaining opposition to new housing. Using a pre-registered survey and conjoint experiment conducted on 2, 000 adult Canadians, including an oversample of respondents in communities with large population of Indigenous residents, we show that Indigenous resentment is associated with opposition to housing development and beliefs that such development will harm neighbourhood character, worsen crime, and strain social services. Contrary to expectations, we do not find these associations to be stronger in communities with large populations of Indigenous peoples. Indigenous resentment also moderates the effect of certain characteristics of the development. Projects with Indigenous developers and those that are meant to house Indigenous people spark considerable opposition among the resentful and generate beliefs the housing development will lead to undesirable social consequences. Together, our results highlight the importance of intergroup attitudes in shaping housing attitudes. |
| Date: | 2025–12–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:npxha_v1 |
| By: | Masanori Kozono (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)); Ari Aji Cahyono (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)); Siti Mustaqimatud Diyanah (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | Digital technologies are transforming the agriculture and food systems of ASEAN, offering new opportunities to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resilience. ASEAN has taken collective steps to accelerate this transition through initiatives such as the ASEAN Guidelines on Promoting the Utilisation of Digital Technologies for ASEAN Food and Agricultural Sector (2021), the ASEAN Leaders’ Declaration on Strengthening Food Security and Nutrition in Response to Crises (2023), and the Action Plan for Sustainable Agriculture in ASEAN (2024). To support these regional efforts, this study assesses the current utilisation of digital tools across agricultural value chains, identifies barriers to technology diffusion, and analyses enabling policy frameworks. Based on surveys of 824 respondents across eight ASEAN Member States (AMS), the study finds that smartphone-based solutions – such as advisory applications, digital payments, and marketplaces – are the most widely adopted. However, adoption is primarily driven by economic objectives rather than environmental benefits. The main constraints include limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, and high adoption costs. Looking ahead, digital marketplaces and drones are expected to become the most in-demand technologies. Comprehensive and inclusive policies – anchored in strong infrastructure, skills development, financing mechanisms, and regional co-operation – are critical to advancing sustainable digital transformation in ASEAN’s agri-food systems. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-12 |
| By: | Milana, Evita |
| Abstract: | In this Working Paper, the aim is to examine in depth the commercialization processes of university-generated inventions. The explorative analysis draws on primary and secondary data obtained from the internal invention disclosure database of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) for the period 2000-2015. This dataset is both exceptional and highly exclusive, as most universities do not make comparable information publicly available, often compelling technology transfer researchers to rely on proxies and indirect measures. Access to this privileged dataset enables the use of original, unprocessed information and thereby offers a direct, real-time view of how university inventions progress toward market application. Given the confidential nature of this data, the data analysis remains at an aggregated level, deliberately omitting specific firm names or exact years of invention or patent licensing (that is the precondition under which DTU shared this exclusive data). |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hsuopa:333922 |
| By: | Kfir Eliaz; Ran Spiegler |
| Abstract: | A profit-maximizing monopolist curates a database for users seeking to learn a parameter. There are two user types: "Nowcasters" wish to learn the parameter's current value, while "forecasters" target its long-run value. Data storage involves a constant marginal cost. The monopolist designs a menu of contracts described by fees and data-access levels. The profit-maximizing menu offers full access to historical data, while current data is fully provided to nowcasters but may be withheld from forecasters. Compared to the social optimum, the monopolist keeps too much historical data, too little current data, and may store too much data overall. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.00897 |
| By: | Xiuxia Yin (Department of Actuarial, Financial and Economic Mathematics. Universitat de Barcelona and BEAT); Pedro Calleja (Department of Actuarial, Financial and Economic Mathematics. Universitat de Barcelona and BEAT); Josep Maria Izquierdo (Department of Actuarial, Financial and Economic Mathematics. Universitat de Barcelona and BEAT) |
| Abstract: | In claims problems, we explore three characterizations of the constrained equal awards rule based on how allocations respond to an agent increasing its claim. In the first one we ensure that over-demanding by an unsatisfied agent does not harm others. In the second one we require that such over-demanding leaves the entire allocation unchanged. Finally, in the third one we weaken this last condition by protecting only the initially fully compensated agents. |
| Keywords: | Claims problems, Over-demand proofness, Expansion invariance |
| JEL: | C71 C78 D47 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ewp:wpaper:490web |
| By: | Begg, Iain |
| Abstract: | The UK fiscal framework, especially the fiscal rules in place, has faced widespread criticism. Since the current system was introduced, the UK’s fiscal arithmetic has worsened. The article examines practices in other countries and, going beyond rules, looks at other dimensions of their fiscal frameworks, then suggests a ‘menu’ of possible changes to improve the UK approach. Scrutiny and a variety of governance features also deserve attention. While not all practices elsewhere can be directly adopted in the UK institutional setting and some would encounter political sensitivities, many can. |
| Keywords: | fiscal frameworks; fiscal councils; governance of fiscal policy; escape clauses |
| JEL: | E62 H61 E61 |
| Date: | 2025–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130024 |
| By: | Theunissen, Anne; Lordan, Grace |
| Abstract: | RISE is an action-based framework to accelerate the progress of women in Capital Markets in Canada. Based on interviews with women in income-generating positions in various Capital Markets organisations, it highlights the advances that have been made in the sector, and outlines the biases, norms and barriers that still hold women back. To generate real change in the industry, it includes selected actions that individuals, managers, and firms can take to progress women in Capital Markets. Based on empirical data and behavioural science research, RISE highlights four ways to promote inclusion: 1) changing notions of competence, 2) inspiring accountable leadership, 3) stop fixing and starting to include women, and 4) embracing a new vision of the ideal worker. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–04–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130346 |
| By: | Jonsson Beata (European Commission - JRC); Haegeman Karel (European Commission - JRC); Matti Cristian (European Commission - JRC); Vande Cauter Fanny; Meyer Niels (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | European cities, regions and countries are increasingly facing climate impacts. Anticipating what is coming can help us not only to be better prepared for climate change risks, but by focusing innovation efforts on finding solutions, it can also boost competitiveness. This requires developing more integrated adaptation plans that combine innovation and other funding, as well as innovation policies and other relevant policies towards climate adaptation. Connecting with and learning from peer territories is a valuable way to speed up efforts in doing so. This tool outlines the underlying methodology for running Peer Reviews on Transformative Innovation for Climate Change Adaptation, using examples of past peer learnings. It serves public administrations at local, urban, regional and national level, that wish to improve the way they address current and expected impacts of climate change through innovation. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141948 |