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on Investment |
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Issue of 2024‒07‒29
24 papers chosen by |
| By: | Andrea Bellucci (University of Insubria and MoFiR); Alexander Borisov; Gianluca Gucciardi (University of Milano-Bicocca and MoFiR); Alberto Zazzaro (University of Naples Federico II, CSEF and MoFiR.) |
| Abstract: | Technological advancements and globalization of venture capital (VC) point to a diminishing role of direct face-to-face (F2F) interactions between VCs and entrepreneurs seeking funding. We show that ability to conduct such interactions remains an important factor for segments of the VC market, and especially for its internationalization. Using a sample of VC deals around the world, and the staggered implementation of travel restrictions across countries in response to the spread of Covid-19 in 2020, we find that investment by foreign VCs in a country drops after it halts inbound travel. Our analysis of possible channels suggests that information asymmetry between contracting parties is the main driver of the importance of F2F, while technological constraints on the transmission of information and cultural differences are less significant. |
| Keywords: | Face-to-Face Interaction, Investments, Venture Capital |
| JEL: | G24 F21 D81 E22 E44 |
| Date: | 2024–06–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sef:csefwp:721&r= |
| By: | François t'Serstevens; Roberto Cerina; Giulia Piccillo |
| Abstract: | The alleged liberal bias and high costs of fact-checker ratings (Nieminen & Rapeli, 2019) have prevented their ability to limit the spread of fake news. Wisdom-of-the-crowd-based approaches, recognized as a credible alternative to traditional fact-checking methods, have gained prominence for their independence from alleged biases, real-time availability and cost-effectiveness (Allen, Arechar, Pennycook, & Rand, 2021). Instead of fact-checking, this paper utilises a large-scale crowd-sourcing experiment on tweets related to US politics and COVID-19. The objectives of this paper are twofold. First, it develops a method to compute consensus-based post-accuracy indices that are representative of the broader crowds despite their initial non-representative reviewing sample. The computed metrics indicate that Democrat and Republican reviewers have a non-overlapping definition of fake news. Though less accurate than state-of-the-art models, the presented methods provide a deeply explicable, impartial estimate usable for automated content moderation. Second, using the aforementioned accuracy indices, this paper identifies the characteristics of fake news sharers and generates state-wide indices of fake news sharing in the United States. This paper’s findings suggest the tweet author’s political alignment did affect the likelihood of spreading fake news, with Republicans sharing more fake news than Democrats even if an equal number of Republicans and Democrats were in the reviewing sample. The model parameters are subsequently extended to make state-wide fake news-sharing estimates. The resulting state indices and their transparent methodology, provide policymakers with a tool to estimate where fake news policies are most needed. |
| Keywords: | fake news, representative inference, content moderation, wisdom of the crowds |
| JEL: | C10 C90 D90 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11138&r= |
| By: | Okeke, Clement |
| Abstract: | The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on firm performance has become the subject of active research in the last four decades. This study’s goal is to review the effect of ICT on the financial performance of firms in the consumer goods sector as measured by their Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) with firm size added as a control variable. For a period of ten (10) years, from 2013 to 2022, the study used thirteen (13) listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research approach was used, and secondary data were gathered from the companies’ annual reports for the period under review. EViews version 12 was used to do correlation and regression analysis. The findings show that Funding for ICT Hardware (FICTH)and Funding for ICT Software (FICTS) have a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study suggests that stakeholders, especially managers in the consumer goods sector should always review all options carefully before venturing into any procurement of additional computer hardware or software bearing in mind the negative impact of their ROCE. |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Return on Capital Employed |
| JEL: | G3 G30 L2 L8 L86 L89 O14 O30 O32 |
| Date: | 2024–04–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121293&r= |
| By: | Han, Seoni (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | Digital technology is gaining attention as a game changer to reshape the landscape of Africa’s financial industry. This widespread adoption of mobile money has significantly broadened financial accessibility and reduced the proportion of the financially excluded population. The transformation of the financial industry was further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic with a surge in online payments and increased fintech activities. Digital finance has arisen as a solution to address the economic and non-economic constraints in the financial market, such as transaction costs, information asymmetry between financial institutions and customers, and uncertainty in outcomes of financial services. Digital finance strengthens economic resilience of individuals and households by offering a broader spectrum of strategies for risk mitigation and risk sharing. In Kenya, mobile money penetration has facilitated financial management for low-income groups, increased women’s labor market participation, and reduced poverty rates. The access to finance of small and medium-sized enterprises is especially crucial in developing countries. Limited access to financial services poses significant challenges for SMEs, obstructing their ability to operate seamlessly, increase sales, and boost exports. In Sub-Saharan Africa, only about one-fifth of SMEs can gain access to loans through traditional financial institutions. Han et al. (2023) conducts on an empirical analysis of Kenyan firms and finds that the firms’ use of mobile money is positively correlated with their financial accessibility, and their investment activities in both tangible assets (fixed assets) and intangible assets (R&D expenditure). Korea has the potential to strengthen its cooperation with Africa in digital finance and the financial sector by actively participating in international initiatives for financial inclusion, promoting more private investments into the financial sector or fintech industry in Africa, enhancing Africa's digital competitiveness in digital infrastructure and skilled workforce, and finally supporting digital transformation in the context of regional integration. |
| Keywords: | Africa; Digital technology; Digital Finance; Financial Inclusion |
| Date: | 2024–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2024_015&r= |
| By: | Rivadeneyra, Perla; Cornacchia, Federico; Martinez, Alberto; Bidoia, Marco; Giupponi, Carlo |
| Abstract: | In recent decades, the rapid development of coastal regions, driven by sustained economic growth and population migration, has amplified their susceptibility to climate-induced hazards. The need to address these challenges in socio-economic coastal hotspots has become a pressing concern, requiring research and analysis to empower local decision-makers to undertake timely and appropriate adaptation measures. Simultaneously, many of these coastal areas boast rich natural habitats, which offer a diverse array of ecosystem services that can enhance climate resilience through both adaptation and mitigation efforts. This study, focuses on the Venice Lagoon, a region particularly vulnerable to natural hazards like sea-level rise, erosion, and flooding due to its low-lying coastal areas, seeks to examine the coastal protection and carbon sequestration services provided by seagrasses and salt marshes. Leveraging the InVEST platform known for its capabilities in valuing ecosystem services and assessing interventions for the protection and restoration of natural capital, this research takes a multi-platform approach by integrating the Coastal Vulnerability and Coastal Blue Carbon models to compute a composite index of these two ecosystem services. Additionally, we incorporate other tools that aid in the computation of the inputs to the InVEST models such as ARIES (Artificial Intelligence for Environment & Sustainability) and the QGIS plugins Molusce and SCP. We also provide estimates of carbon stocks, net carbon sequestration, and the economic value of these habitats for 2040 and 2060. The main outcome of this study is a combined index of coastal protection and carbon sequestration services developed to highlight crucial areas for the provisioning of these services, emphasizing the interconnectedness of socio-ecosystem components in coastal regions. In this study, we highlight the importance of using integrated assessment of ecosystem services in the context of climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–06–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:343511&r= |
| By: | Emanuele Grassi (Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Economia, Università del Salento, Italy; Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis); Marco Savioli (Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Economia, Università del Salento, Italy; Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis) |
| Abstract: | The study investigates the gender wage gap among PhD recipients in Italy, focusing on whether research-oriented jobs mitigate wage discrimination. Utilizing data from the Professional Integration Survey of PhDs, it employs quantile and Recentered Influence Function regressions to analyze wage disparities across the wage distribution. Findings reveal a persistent gender wage gap across all quantiles, with research jobs offering a wage premium that does not entirely close the gap. The analysis contributes to understanding the impact of occupational segregation and job types on wage disparities, suggesting policy interventions to address gender wage inequalities in academia and beyond. The paper highlights the need for further research and policy efforts to achieve gender parity in professional fields, particularly high-skilled sectors like private and public research entities. |
| Keywords: | Gender Wage Gap, PhD Employment, Research Jobs, Wage Discrimination, Academic Labor Market, Quantile Regression |
| JEL: | J16 J31 I23 J24 J71 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rim:rimwps:24-10&r= |
| By: | André Martinuzzi; Mariana Kovacic-Lukic; Luis Nacken |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Es gibt Unternehmen, die verstehen Lieferkettenverantwortung nicht nur als zusätzlichen Kostenfaktor, sondern als strategische Chance, sich von ihren Mitbewerbern abzuheben. Diese Unternehmen widmen sich über die reine Geschäftsabwicklung hinaus gezielt dem intensiven Austausch und der Zusammenarbeit mit ihren Lieferanten und sichern sich damit nicht nur eine verantwortungsvolle Lieferkette, sondern auch strategische Vorteile.Exemplarisch für solche Unternehmen werden in diesem Projektbericht 12 Fallstudien vorgestellt, die innovative Lösungen im Bereich der Lieferkettenverantwortung entwickelt und umgesetzt haben und dadurch Wettbewerbsvorteile erzielen konnten. Im Projektbericht wird eine breite Streuung hinsichtlich Branche, Größe, Eigentümerstruktur und Standort der Unternehmen berücksichtigt. Bevorzugt wurden Unternehmen ausgewählt, die ihren Hauptsitz bzw. ihre Zentrale in Österreich haben oder über bedeutende Standorte in Österreich verfügen. Die untersuchten Unternehmen arbeiten enger mit ihren strategischen Lieferanten zusammen, kennen deren Wettbewerbssituation und Technologien und arbeiten gemeinsam mit ihnen an Verbesserungen, die kein Unternehmen alleine erreichen könnte. Das reduziert Komplexität, sichert die Versorgung mit Rohstoffen und Vorprodukten, vereinfacht die Kommunikation, erhöht die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und ermöglicht gemeinsame Anliegen umzusetzen. Manche von ihnen konnten so gezielt in Zulieferer investieren und dadurch verlassene Produktionsstätten in Europa wieder reaktivieren, andere ihre Lieferfähigkeit auch zu Krisenzeiten sichern und wieder andere konnten gezielt ihre Produktqualität verbessern.Durch ihr tiefes Verständnis nicht nur für unmittelbare Geschäftspartner, sondern auch für das gesamte Liefernetzwerk, können sie gezielt dessen Entwicklung vorantreiben und widerstandsfähiger gestalten. Die enge Kooperation mit diesen Liefernetzwerken macht die untersuchten Unternehmen zuverlässiger, schneller, kundenorientierter und dadurch attraktiver für Kunden und industrielle Abnehmer. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wsr:ecbook:y:2024:m:03&r= |
| By: | Chongwoo Choe; Noriaki Matsushima; Shiva Shekhar |
| Abstract: | We study the GDPR's opt-in requirement in a model with a firm that provides a digital service and consumers who are heterogeneous in their valuations of the firm's service as well as the privacy costs incurred when sharing personal data with the firm. We show that the GDPR boosts demand for the service by allowing consumers with high privacy costs to buy the service without sharing data. The increased demand leads to a higher price but a smaller quantity of shared data. If the firm's revenue is largely usage-based rather than data-based, then both the firm's profit and consumer surplus increase after the GDPR, implying that the GDPR can be welfare-improving. But if the firm's revenue is largely from data monetization, then the GDPR can reduce the firm's profit and consumer surplus. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:1246&r= |
| By: | Elia Sartori (CSEF) |
| Abstract: | We study the distribution of goods that are freely duplicated and damaged. The monopolist solves a screening problem that is not cost-separable and requires a concave-linear preference specification to generate nontrivial allocations, associated with two interdependent inefficiencies: underacquisition and damaging. In a game where firms acquire market power through an irreversible investment, both monopoly and active competition emerge as equilibria. Despite worsening underacquisition and inducing double-spending, competition may increase welfare because it mitigates the damaging inefficiency by distributing a version for free. We discuss an application to information markets, where experts produce a signal and sell Blackwell-garbled versions of it. |
| Date: | 2024–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sef:csefwp:719&r= |
| By: | Erick Rangel González; Irving Llamosas-Rosas; Sara Hutchinson Tovar |
| Abstract: | Using employment microdata from the Mexican Social Security Institute, from January 2019 to June 2021, the impacts of COVID-19 on the probability of job separation and monthly wage variations at the national and regional levels by age and sex groups are analyzed. The results indicate greater increases in the probability of job separation for men than for women in the first months of the health crisis compared to the pre-pandemic period. Likewise, a reduction in wage variations is estimated, which proportionally affected men more than women, although these differences disappear over time. By age group, the results show that workers aged 60 to 65 are the most affected in terms of the probability of job separation, while the youngest group of workers recorded the largest reductions in wage variations. Finally, there is heterogeneity in the results by region. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19;Probability of job separation;Salary variations;Differences by sex and age groups |
| JEL: | J01 J16 J30 J64 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2024-08&r= |
| By: | Gazilas, Emmanouil Taxiarchis |
| Abstract: | The impact of labour market regulations on uninsured employment in Greece between 2014 and 2019 is a crucial exploration in response to the pervasive challenge of undeclared work. With the rise of globalization and evolving labour dynamics, understanding and addressing the complexities of uninsured employment by analysing data from the Greek Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs was the main purpose of this study. Employing a comprehensive examination of key indicators, the study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures in curbing undeclared work. This paper meticulously analysed the pivotal strategies implemented by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs during the specified period using statistical analysis, focusing on high fines, reduced non-salary costs, the ERGANI information system, and a modernized fines framework. Statistical graphs were utilized to examine trends, providing a solid foundation for evaluating the impact of the implemented strategies. Additionally, qualitative assessments were employed to offer a nuanced understanding of the contextual factors influencing the outcomes. The findings reveal a positive trend, showcasing a significant reduction in undeclared workers and non-compliant businesses, underscoring the effectiveness of the implemented measures. In this research spanning 2014-2019, an examination of 237, 455 businesses in Greece revealed that 28, 044 entities (11.81%) employed undeclared workers. Among 812, 460 scrutinized employees, 44, 642 (5.49%) were identified as undeclared, leading to fines totalling €468, 997, 663 in efforts to address non-compliance with labour regulations. This study not only sheds light on the successful strategies adopted by the Greek government but also offers valuable practical lessons for policymakers globally. |
| Keywords: | government regulations, undeclared work, ARTEMIS plan, ministry of labour, labour economics, financial crisis |
| JEL: | E24 |
| Date: | 2024–01–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121311&r= |
| By: | Janssen, Thilo; Lübker, Malte |
| Abstract: | With real wages falling by 4.0 % in 2022, workers in the European Union suffered an unprecedented loss in purchasing power. The reason for this was the rapid increase in consumer prices, behind which nominal wage growth fell significantly. Meanwhile, inflation is no longer driven by energy import prices, but by domestic factors. The increased profit margins of companies are a major reason for persistent inflation. In this difficult environment, the trade unions are faced with the challenge of securing real wages - and companies have the responsibility of making their contribution to returning to the path of political stability by reducing excess profits. |
| Abstract: | Mit einem Rückgang der Reallöhne um 4, 0 % erlitten die Beschäftigten in der Europäischen Union im Jahr 2022 einen bisher einmaligen Verlust an Kaufkraft. Ursächlich war der rapide Anstieg der Verbraucherpreise, hinter den das Nominallohnwachstum deutlich zurückfiel. Inzwischen wird die Teuerung nicht mehr von den Importpreisen für Energie, sondern von inländischen Faktoren bestimmt. Die gestiegenen Gewinnmargen der Unternehmen sind dabei eine wesentliche Ursache der beharrlichen Inflation. In diesem schwierigen Umfeld ergibt sich für die Gewerkschaften die Herausforderung, die Reallöhne zu sichern - und für die Unternehmen die Verantwortung, durch den Abbau der Übergewinne ihren Beitrag zur Rückkehr auf den stabilitätspolitischen Pfad zu leisten. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, Wirtschaft |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wsirep:299258&r= |
| By: | Lindquist, Matthew J. (SOFI, Stockholm University); Patacchini, Eleonora (Cornell University); Vlassopoulos, Michael (University of Southampton); Zenou, Yves (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We study spillover effects within co-offending networks by leveraging deaths of co-offenders for causal identification. Our results demonstrate that the death of a co-offender significantly reduces the criminal activities of other network members. We observe a decaying pattern in the magnitude of these spillover effects: individuals directly linked to a deceased offender experience the most significant impact, followed by those two steps away, and then those three steps away. Moreover, we find that the death of a more central co-offender leads to a larger reduction in aggregate crime. We also provide evidence consistent with a new theoretical prediction suggesting that the loss of a co-offender shrinks the future information set of offenders, altering their perceptions of the probability of being convicted and consequently affecting their criminal behavior. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding spillover effects for policymakers seeking to develop more effective strategies for crime prevention. |
| Keywords: | networks, crime, key players, exogenous deaths, spillovers |
| JEL: | A14 D85 K42 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17113&r= |
| By: | Bettina Meinhart |
| Abstract: | Abstract:International climate targets have far-reaching implications for all areas of the economy and life, including trade policy. To reach the target of the Paris Agreement, it may be necessary to link trade and environmental policy, whereby one way of linking the two policy areas is to include environmental provisions (EPs) in trade agreements. Several motives for including environmental concerns in trade agreements exist, ranging from promoting environmental cooperation and ensuring a level playing field to pursuing protectionist interests. In principle, the inclusion of environmental aspects is not a new development. Since the 1990s, EPs have been frequently integrated into trade agreements, for example on issues such as hazardous waste, deforestation or biodiversity protection. In recent years, as climate initiatives have gained prominence at the EU level, the number of EPs in trade agreements has steadily increased. Thereby, the inclusion of these concerns is very heterogeneous in terms of the subject matter and enforceability. A closer look at the enforceability indicator is crucial, because if EPs are not legally enforceable, addressing environmental concerns may not have an impact on trade and the environment. The European Commission is aware of this issue and therefore published the review of its policy chapter on trade and sustainable development in June 2022. This identifies how the contribution of EU trade agreements to promoting environmental protection can be improved, mentioning, among other actions, the strengthening of enforcement through trade sanctions as a last resort. Whether the current changes are effective in terms of environmental and trade impacts will be seen in further research. |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wsr:pbrief:y:2022:m:10:i:055&r= |
| By: | Alogoskoufis, George |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews, analyses and interprets the evolution of the state and the economy of post-war Greece, before and after the political transition to democracy in 1974. The transition led to a regime-change involving a very large part of the ideological and institutional edifice that characterised Greece in the twenty-five years between the end of the civil war in 1949 and the transition to democracy in 1974. Although social and political institutions and performance improved significantly after 1974, economic performance deteriorated sharply. The analysis suggests that although this was to be partly expected because of international developments, the sharp deterioration is economic performance was mainly the result of the failures of the post-1974 political regime to substitute the commitment and coordination mechanisms that had contributed to the economic ‘miracle’ of the 1950s and the 1960s, follow appropriate and consistent rules in economic policy and introduce the necessary reforms. In addition, Greece entered the E.U and, later, the euro area relatively unprepared, something which contributed to the deterioration in its economic performance and, eventually, the debt crisis of the 2010s and the great depression that followed. The final section of the paper discusses several reforms that could help put Greece back on track economically, consolidating and improving its position in the E.U and the euro area, while strengthening the desirable social and political characteristics of the post-1974 regime. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124056&r= |
| By: | Kimundi, Gillian |
| Abstract: | Capital is central to efficient intermediation and is a core indication of the financial health of a bank. Recent shifts in monetary policy, economic shocks and contextspecific events in interbank liquidity flow in Kenya call for a revisit of banks' response through the lens of their capitalization. Using data from 27 banks between 2001 and 2021, this study first reveals that there is heterogeneity in how banks respond to policy, economic and market shifts, and that capital plays a key role in maintaining (and in some cases amplifying) balance sheet activity and cushioning operating profitability. Small, lesser-capitalized banks are more sensitive to monetary policy and shifts in interbank market liquidity, whereas large, higher-capitalized banks are more sensitive to GDP shocks. Collectively, the role of capital depends on the nature of the shock, the size of the bank and the sub-period studied. The study concludes with relevant policy and bank-level implications from these findings. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kbawps:297990&r= |
| By: | Ana Hernández Kent; Sophia Scott |
| Abstract: | Research by the Institute for Economic Equity finds LGBTQ+ adults have lower homeownership rates and are more likely to hold mortgages than non-LGBTQ+ adults. |
| Keywords: | homeownership; mortgages; LGBTQ+ households; sexual orientation; gender identity |
| Date: | 2024–06–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:l00001:98456&r= |
| By: | Shi, Xiangyu |
| Abstract: | Why China was not the origin of the Industrial Revolution but rose from imperial dynasties and experienced a growth miracle in the past four decades? We find that its root is China's imperial examination system (keju), which explains the fall and rise of historical, modern, and contemporary China. Using three instrumental variable approaches, we find that keju significantly facilitates contemporary innovation and business creation, by raising the contemporaneous level of human capital, shaping an innovative and productive culture, and fostering efficient institutions. Keju had positive effects on the development of modern China before the People's Republic of China era, but its effects were most salient after the economic reform in 1978. In historical periods, keju diverted talents away from scientific/technological sectors, leading to sluggish development in the Ming and Qing dynasties. |
| Keywords: | imperial examination system, human capital, culture, institution, innovation, business creation, China |
| JEL: | D2 E2 J2 N3 O1 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121348&r= |
| By: | Florian Lecaër (AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Olivier Roques (AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche montre les bénéfices des activités physiques subaquatiques sur les relations entre exigences-ressources et indicateurs de stress au travail. L'échantillon est composé de 483 salariés pratiquant des activités subaquatiques. Les résultats révèlent un effet modérateur de la relaxation perçue durant l'activité sur les relations exigences-ressources et indicateurs de stress au travail diminuant le burnout et développant l'engagement au travail. |
| Keywords: | job demands-resources, burnout, work engagement, expérience de récupération, exigences-ressources de l'emploi, épuisement professionnel, Engagement au travail, expérience de récupération exigences-ressources de l'emploi épuisement professionnel engagement au travail recovery experience job demands-resources burnout work engagement, engagement au travail recovery experience |
| Date: | 2024–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04597072&r= |
| By: | Ahmed, Muhammad Ashfaq; Nawaz, Nasreen |
| Abstract: | Objective: Previous literature on optimal savings relies on specific utility and production technology functional forms which might not be able to produce robust results as different utility/production functions may lead to dramatically different or opposing results. This paper derives an optimal savings policy based on parameters (such as slopes of demand and supply curves) which can be empirically estimated and provides a unique and robust result irrespective of shape and form of individual utilities/production functions. Furthermore, existing literature does not consider welfare loss when savings market is adjusting to final equilibrium after a shock while deriving an optimal savings policy. In addition to that, number of savers (all public and private saving entities, including households, firms, etc., ) and saving rate are vital parameters for savings in an economy, and while deriving an optimal savings policy, it is necessary to take into consideration these parameters to ensure that quantum of savings due to interest rate movement gets adjusted in target time duration, without which there may be additional efficiency loss than that envisioned while deriving an optimal savings policy for an economy. Methods: This research project designs a dynamical model for savings market and extends that to a three-dimensional savings system in an economy by taking into consideration number of savers, saving rate, and interest rate; and based on that derives an optimal comprehensive savings policy while accounting for efficiency losses when savings market, saving rate, and number of savers are adjusting to final equilibrium, in addition to the welfare loss on account of equilibrium shift. Results: Without consideration of welfare loss/gain while savings market is adjusting after implementation of a savings policy, welfare picture remains incomplete, and the optimal savings policy based on partial welfare cannot be considered as optimal in true sense. Traditionally, welfare of only producer and consumer is taken into consideration without accounting for welfare of production factors. An expression of efficiency loss/gain as a result of savings policy based on welfare including those of production factors has been presented and optimal savings policies have been derived by minimizing efficiency losses and presented as a final result in the form of mathematical expressions. This paper demonstrates that both supply and demand shocks operate through a common channel, i.e., inventory of funds in savings market as both kinds of shock affect inventory of funds and hence can be categorized just as an inventory shock. Conclusion: For optimal welfare gains, practitioners/policy makers must estimate theoretically derived optimal savings policies based on the dynamic model developed in this paper and presented in the form of mathematical expressions from real world relevant data for implementation. |
| Keywords: | Savings, Saving Rate, Optimal Policy, Dynamic Path, Equilibrium, Coordination |
| JEL: | E21 G10 G18 |
| Date: | 2023–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121352&r= |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy; Rafat Alam |
| Abstract: | The global energy landscape is undergoing a pivotal transformation, driven by the dual imperatives of sustainable development and climate change mitigation. This transition from traditional fossil fuels to renewable energy sources presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities, particularly in the context of developing nations such as Bangladesh. With its dense population and burgeoning energy needs, Bangladesh stands at a critical juncture in its energy development trajectory. This paper explores the implications of Bangladesh’s energy transition on employment and skill requirements within the power and energy sector. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study aims to project the net employment impact by 2030, taking into account the evolving energy mix and the potential for job creation versus job displacement. |
| Keywords: | Energy Transition, Power and Energy Sector, Employment, sustainable energy, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:152&r= |
| By: | Adar, Sinem; Aydın, Yaşar; Güney, Cengiz; Seufert, Günter |
| Abstract: | Die europäischen Aufnahmeländer türkischer Migranten und Migrantinnen reagieren verstört auf die Diasporapolitik der türkischen Regierung, in einer Zeit, da Ankara in Europa ohnehin nur wenig Vertrauen genießt. Gründe für Letzteres sind die zunehmend autoritäre türkische Innenpolitik, die Durchdringung des öffentlichen Lebens mit islamischen Normen und unterschiedliche bis gegensätzliche Positionierungen der Türkei und der EU in der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik. Hinzu kommt nun die Sorge, dass ein verstärkter Einfluss Ankaras die Loyalität der türkischen Migranten und ihres Nachwuchses zu den Aufnahmestaaten untergräbt. Angesichts einer generellen Skepsis in Europa gegenüber Migration und dem Islam droht eine ungute Gleichsetzung der berechtigten Forderungen von Migranten mit den Ambitionen der türkischen Regierung. Dabei sind die Möglichkeiten Ankaras, die türkische Diaspora als Ganzes zu lenken, relativ begrenzt. Trotzdem tun die Regierungen der europäischen Aufnahmeländer gut daran, auch weiterhin auf die Unabhängigkeit von Moscheegemeinden und anderer Einwandererorganisationen von der Türkei zu pochen und so das Kräftegleichgewicht in der Diaspora aufrechtzuerhalten. |
| Keywords: | Diasporapolitik, Partei für Gerechtigkeit und Entwicklung, AKP, Türkeistämmige, Auslandstürken, Kemal K¸l¸çdaroæglu, Diyanet, DITIB, Assimilation, neues Subjekt, Islamophobie, Demokratische Allianz für Vielfalt und Aufbruch, DAVA, Gülen-Netzwerk, Partei der nationalistischen Bewegung, MHP, Graue Wölfe |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:299538&r= |
| By: | Agossadou, Arsene J.; McCallum, Chloe; Siegrist, Michael; Finger, Robert; Nayga, Rodolfo M. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural And Food Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:343877&r= |
| By: | Ahlers, Elke; Quispe Villalobos, Valeria |
| Abstract: | Der betriebliche Alltag wandelt sich auf vielen verschiedenen Ebenen. Als Folge der Corona-Pandemie und im Zuge der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung haben sich orts- und zeitflexible Formen der Arbeitsorganisation stark verbreitet. Darüber hinaus stellen Arbeitskräfteengpässe und der demografische Wandel neue Anforderungen an die Gestaltung der Arbeit in den Betrieben - und damit auch an das Betriebliche Gesundheitsmanagement. Der vorliegende Report zeigt anhand von Befunden der WSI-Betriebs- und Personalrätebefragung 2021, wie Instrumente der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung helfen können, die Herausforderungen zu bewältigen, die der Wandel der Arbeitswelt mit sich bringt, und inwieweit Betriebe ihre Möglichkeiten des Betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements ausschöpfen. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wsirep:299264&r= |