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on Investment |
| By: | Shim, Woojung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | South Korea is home to some of the world’s most popular consumer electronics (CE) brands, which continue to lead and shape the global CE market with high-performance products that boast innovative designs, personalized features, unique platforms, and high levels of energy efficiency. Now that the Korean CE industry has matured and entering a transitional period, it is confronting a growing range of new risks and threats. Chinese CE companies are expanding their position of the global market through price competitiveness and improved product quality. China is now South Korea’s fiercest rival in the CE world. The growing demand for smart appliances is also increasingly shifting the focus away from products to platforms and services, bringing Korean companies into closer competition with their counterparts in other developed countries over smart home services. This report explores the kinds of policies necessary to enable the Korean CE industry to maintain and strengthen its competitiveness in response to intensifying competition and growing demand for smart features and services. To that end, this report analyzes the competitiveness of Korean TV manufacturers’ value chains and describes the implications for policy carried by the analysis. The report’s findings show that Korean TV boast superior competitiveness to their competitors in many stages of the value chain, including industrial design, research and development (R&D) and engineering, as well as in assembly and manufacturing. However, American companies lead the way when it comes to TV services, and Korean TV brands face significant obstacles to entering the global TV service market. While Korean TV companies possess an edge in the sourcing key parts such as display panels and semiconductors, the ability of Korean firms to procure other necessary parts, such as audio units, video and audio equipment, and smart peripheral devices, is relatively limited. The results of the analysis carry the following implications for policy. First, it is necessary to increase R&D efforts and develop a skilled professional workforce in order to pave the way for Korean firms to lead the future television market with original technologies. Second, there is a need for increased investment in core parts, R&D, and procurement, especially in the field of service integration. Third, policies are needed to enhance the connectivity of smart home platforms and their service capabilities. |
| Keywords: | televisions; consumer electronics; TV; TV industry; electronics manufacturing; smart TVs; smart appliances; home services; streaming services; Korea |
| JEL: | L63 L68 L86 L88 O25 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2023_007&r=inv |
| By: | Shim, Woojung (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | South Korea is home to some of the world’s most popular consumer electronics (CE) brands, which continue to lead and shape the global CE market with high-performance products that boast innovative designs, personalized features, unique platforms, and high levels of energy efficiency. Now that the Korean CE industry has matured and entering a transitional period, it is confronting a growing range of new risks and threats. Chinese CE companies are expanding their position of the global market through price competitiveness and improved product quality. China is now South Korea’s fiercest rival in the CE world. This report explores the kinds of policies necessary to enable the Korean CE industry to maintain and strengthen its competitiveness in response to intensifying competition and growing demand for smart features and services. To that end, this report analyzes the competitiveness of Korean TV manufacturers’ value chains and describes the implications for policy carried by the analysis. The report’s findings show that Korean TV boast superior competitiveness to their competitors in many stages of the value chain, including industrial design, research and development (R&D) and engineering, as well as in assembly and manufacturing. However, American companies lead the way when it comes to TV services, and Korean TV brands face significant obstacles to entering the global TV service market. While Korean TV companies possess an edge in the sourcing key parts such as display panels and semiconductors, the ability of Korean firms to procure other necessary parts, such as audio units, video and audio equipment, and smart peripheral devices, is relatively limited. The results of the analysis carry the following implications for policy. First, it is necessary to increase R&D efforts and develop a skilled professional workforce in order to pave the way for Korean firms to lead the future television market with original technologies. Second, there is a need for increased investment in core parts, R&D, and procurement, especially in the field of service integration. Third, policies are needed to enhance the connectivity of smart home platforms and their service capabilities. Thank you for reading this abstract of a report from the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade! Visit us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q36v30l5CV0 Visit us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/worldkiet/ Visit our website: http://www.kiet.re.kr/en |
| Keywords: | televisions; consumer electronics; TV; TV industry; electronics manufacturing; smart TVs; smart appliances; home services; streaming services; Korea |
| JEL: | L63 L68 L86 L88 O25 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2023_012&r=inv |
| By: | Kang, Duyong (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Insofar as we define globalization as the consistent growth in the volume of global trade relative to world GDP, we reasonably conclude that the second phase of globalization, which lasted for five decades since the signing of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) in 1947, effectively ended with the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. Anti-globalization sentiment has taken root in many advanced countries since the global financial crisis and has conspired with an intensifying US-China rivalry to stem the erstwhile growth in trade relative to world GDP. The United States, the onetime champion of postwar globalization, has recently embraced a New Washington Consensus that represents a sharp departure from the original of the 1990s, effectively putting an end to globalization. The end of globalization means an end to a chapter in the history of global trade. It remains to be seen how the post-globalization trade environment will evolve, but the fact that no single country can claim unchallenged hegemony over the global economy also leaves room for concerted actions from smaller countries. The end of globalization is particularly significant to Korea, which has achieved a remarkable economic transformation thanks to the success of an export-led growth strategy. But real export growth in Korea has consistently fallen below its economic growth rates over the last decade, and we can conclude that export-led growth is no longer viable for Korea. As a chief beneficiary of free trade and the world’s eighth-largest trading country, Korea has practical interests, a moral obligation, and the potential to help ameliorate worsening global trade conditions. By making it known that the fragmentation of the global economy is not in its interest, Korea ought to partner with countries that share the same perspective and mobilize international support toward maintaining an open, non-discriminatory, and free trade order against protectionist and fragmenting forces. Expressing and maintaining a commitment to free trade can also help Korea minimize the impact to its economy of the eventual US-China decoupling. Thank you for reading this abstract of a report from the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade! Visit us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q36v30l5CV0 Visit us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/worldkiet/ Visit our website: http://www.kiet.re.kr/en |
| Keywords: | free trade; globalization; anti-globalization; protectionism; economic nationalism; economic security; exports; US-China conflict; Korea |
| JEL: | F01 F02 F10 F13 F15 F52 O20 O21 O24 O25 |
| Date: | 2023–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2023_013&r=inv |
| By: | Kim, Dongsoo (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Jeon, Jeonggil (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | As of the end of 2022, Taiwan surpassed both South Korea and Japan in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, a first since South Korea caught up with and then surpassed Taiwan 19 years ago. Even as many economies have struggled in the wake of the twin shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Taiwan achieved steadfast economic growth from 2020 through 2022. The stability of Taiwan’s growth has been all the more remarkable amid the rapid and volatile reconfiguration of global supply chains against the looming backdrop of escalating United States-China tensions. Like South Korea, Taiwan has a heavily export-oriented economy that is also centered chiefly on semiconductors. Taiwan is also similarly dependent on China for both its industries and its trade but has managed to maintain a stable trade balance thus far. Compared to South Korea, the Taiwanese economy is also a more favorable host for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which contribute significantly to the nation’s competitiveness. The Taiwanese semiconductor industry boasts an evenly balanced ecosystem of chip design, manufacturing, packaging, and testing. The nation’s multiple science parks, led by the one at Hsinchu, are connected by open innovation networks through which researchers can move freely. The political stability of Taiwan has also buttressed its competitive industries, providing effective visions for new industry growth and timely legislative support, notably the most recent law on semiconductors. Taiwan’s self-positioning in trade with China and policy centered on important manufacturing industries, including semiconductors, carries many lessons for South Korea. It is time for Korea to analyze Taiwan’s success and ascertain what makes its Taiwanese competitors so competitive and successful. Thank you for reading this abstract of a report from the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade! Visit us on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q36v30l5CV0 Visit us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/worldkiet/ Visit our website: http://www.kiet.re.kr/en |
| Keywords: | Taiwan; Taiwanese economy; exports; semiconductors; chips; supply chains; export competitiveness; innovation; open innovation; economic security; US-China conflict; manufacturing; manufacturing competitiveness; manufacturing innovation; innovation clusters |
| JEL: | F02 F10 F13 F18 F23 F51 F52 O11 O14 O24 O25 O32 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2023_014&r=inv |
| By: | Sebastiano Cattaruzzo (Department of Economics, University Of Venice CÃ Foscari); Giancarlo Corò (Department of Economics, University Of Venice CÃ Foscari) |
| Abstract: | This research employs a quantile-based model to assess the key determinants of Erasmus mobility within European regions. Our analysis highlights the factors contributing to high Erasmus attractiveness, notably urbanization levels, the presence of capital cities, and the quality of governance. In contrast, regions with lower Erasmus appeal are often linked to tourism activity and the risk of developmental stagnation. A significant finding is the pivotal role of government quality, which can transform less attractive regions into more appealing destinations for Erasmus participants. We extensively examine the policy implications arising from the current hands-off approach in the management of Erasmus flows, shedding light on potential interventions to address regional disparities |
| Keywords: | Erasmus; mobility; policy; higher education; development; trap; regional |
| JEL: | I23 R11 O18 H75 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2023:25&r=inv |
| By: | Dauermann, Angelika; Enneking, Ulrich |
| Abstract: | Aesthetic enjoyment and landscape beauty are increasingly recognized as significant attributes of cultural landscapes. Agriculture is an important integral part of the cultural landscape in many places. To date, however, there has been little research into the visual quality of agricultural landscapes - particularly of farm buildings. Consequently, this qualitative study focuses on local residents' emotional reactions to the visual impact of dairy barns as well as their subjective perceptions. The interviewees in the present study looked at various images of different dairy barn designs and dairy barns embedded in the landscape. The dairy barns shown were based on real-life dairy barns in the German agricultural region of Osnabrück in northwestern Germany. All 16 interviewees lived in the region at the time the study was conducted. The interviewees answered a questionnaire to reflect their perceptions and thoughts on the dairy barns. The evaluation shows that the quality of the landscape aesthetics of dairy farms is of importance to the interviewees. Being able to see cattle is one of the key factors contributing to a positive assessment of the landscape aesthetic quality of a dairy farm. Furthermore, this study shows that visual messages have a wide influence on the general perception of a farm. In fact, the analysis of the interviews conducted shows how numerous interpretations of how a farm is run can be derived from visual perception. |
| Keywords: | Dairy barn design, dairy farming, agricultural landscape, qualitative research |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:daredp:279909&r=inv |
| By: | Zsófia L. Bárány; Moshe Buchinsky; Pauline Corblet |
| Abstract: | It is generally agreed upon that most individuals who acquire a college degree do so in their early 20s. Despite this consensus, we show that in the US from the 1930 birth cohort onwards a large fraction – around 20% – of college graduates obtained their degree after age 30. We explore the implications of this phenomenon. First, we show that these so-called late bloomers have significantly contributed to the narrowing of gender and racial gaps in the college share, despite the general widening of the racial gap. Second, late bloomers are responsible for more than half of the increase in the aggregate college share from 1960 onwards. Finally, we show that the returns to having a college degree vary depending on the age at graduation. Ignoring the existence of late bloomers therefore leads to a significant underestimation of the returns to college education for those finishing college in their early 20s. |
| JEL: | I20 I26 J30 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31874&r=inv |
| By: | Monica Lambon-Quayefio; Thomas Yeboah; Nkechi S. Owoo; Marjan Petreski; Catherine Koranchie; Edward Asiedu; Mohammed Zakaria; Ernest Berko; Yaw Nsiah Agyemang |
| Abstract: | Ghana-s current youth unemployment rate is 19.7%, and the country faces a significant youth unemployment problem. While a range of youth-employment programs have been created over the years, no systematic documentation and evaluation of the impacts of these public initiatives has been undertaken. Clarifying which interventions work would guide policy makers in creating strategies and programs to address the youth-employment challenge. By complementing desk reviews with qualitative data gathered from focus-group discussions and key informant interviews, we observe that most youth-employment programs implemented in Ghana cover a broad spectrum that includes skills training, job placement matching, seed capital, and subsidies. Duplication of initiatives, lack of coordination, and few to non-existent impact evaluations of programs are the main challenges that plague these programs. For better coordination and effective policy making, a more centralized and coordinated system is needed for program design and implementation. Along the same lines, ensuring rigorous evaluation of existing youth-employment programs is necessary to provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness and efficiency of these programs. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.06048&r=inv |
| By: | Gene M. Grossman (Princeton University); Elhanan Helpman (Harvard University); Alejandro Sabal (Princeton University) |
| Abstract: | Forward-looking investments determine the resilience of firms' supply chains. Such investments confer externalities on other firms in the production network. We compare the equilibrium and optimal allocations in a general equilibrium model with an arbitrary number of vertical production tiers. Our model features endogenous investments in resilience, endogenous formation of supply links, and sequential bargaining over quantities and payments between firms in successive tiers. We derive policies that implement the first-best allocation, allowing for subsidies to input purchases, network formation, and investments in resilience. The first-best policies depend only on production function parameters of the pertinent tier. When subsidies to transactions are infeasible, the second-best subsidies for resilience and network formation depend on production function parameters throughout the network, and subsidies are larger upstream than downstream whenever the bargaining weights of buyers are non-increasing along the chain. |
| Keywords: | Firms, Resilience, Vertical Supply Chains |
| JEL: | D21 D62 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:econom:2023-03&r=inv |
| By: | Schüller, Kerstin; Mengen, Andreas |
| Abstract: | Nachhaltigkeit ist das Gebot der Stunde und findet in immer mehr Unternehmen große Beachtung. Ökonomisch, ökologisch und sozial nachhaltiges Wirtschaften wird von vielen Stakeholdern gefordert und kann zwischenzeitlich auch als ein Element guter Unternehmensführung verstanden werden. Allerdings lässt der zunehmende Druck der europäischen Gesetzgebung, stellvertretend sei hier die Verpflichtung zur Veröffentlichung der Nachhaltigkeitsmaßnahmen genannt, vermuten, dass viele Unternehmen sich von alleine nur zögernd des Themas annehmen und entsprechende Veränderungen implementieren. - Warum eigentlich? Zum einen erfordert es den Einsatz von kostbaren Ressourcen, um nachhaltiges Management zu konzipieren und umzusetzen, einschließlich einer Berücksichtigung von Nachhaltigkeitszielen und -kennzahlen in der Unternehmenssteuerung. Diese Aufgabe wird in Kapitel 3 des Beitrags näher beleuchtet. Zum anderen existiert die Vermutung, dass speziell die ökologische und soziale Nachhaltigkeit für Unternehmen finanziell unattraktiv sei. Demnach wird Nachhaltigkeit mit einem geringen Nutzen und einer Ergebnisverminderung in Verbindung gebracht. Stehen Unternehmen, die nachhaltig wirtschaften also betriebswirtschaftlich schlechter dar als solche, die das nicht tun? Diese Frage drängt sich auf und wurde daher schon in einigen Studien untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt in Kapitel 4 dazu einen Überblick und stellt ausgewählte Studien dar. Die Ergebnisse können als durchaus spannend und zum Teil überraschend bezeichnet werden. Lesen Sie selbst. |
| Keywords: | Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement, Nachhaltigkeitsmessung, ESG-Kriterien, Corporate Financial Performance, Länderspezifische Fallbeispiele |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hkowis:279906&r=inv |
| By: | Francesco Moscone (Department of Economics, University Of Venice CÃ Foscari; Brunel University London, UK) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores regional disparities in avoidable mortalities and hospital discharges, influenced by factors associated with high-risk behaviors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and inadequate physical activity levels. We gathered data from various official sources (ISTAT and Eurostat) and conducted a comprehensive panel data regression analysis to investigate the intricate relationships between these variables. The study found that a higher prevalence of smokers is associated with increased avoidable mortality and hospital discharges. Specifically, a 1% decrease in the percentage of smokers led to an average reduction of 12.76 hospital discharges per 10, 000 inhabitants. This reduction translated to an estimated total saving of approximately 331 million Euros across all regions in 2020. Similarly, excessive wine consumption was linked to higher rates of preventable mortality and hospital discharges. A one unit drop in the number of heavy drinkers per 1, 000 inhabitants would result in a saving of about 60 million Euros. Furthermore, the variable indicating the prevalence of individuals aged 3 and above who never engage in sports was positively correlated with adverse health outcomes. A 1% decrease in the number of individuals in this category would lead to a saving of approximately 223 million Euros. In parallel, we analyzed pathologies associated with smoking, which include lung cancer, respiratory ailments, and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, we explored the potential benefits of transitioning from high-risk to reduced-risk products, aiming at alleviating the strain on the healthcare system while reallocating resources to address critical health needs. The results suggest that if 50 percent of smokers transitioned to reduced-risk products such as e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco, the NHS could potentially save 722 million Euros in terms of smoking-related illnesses. Among the healthcare systems examined, Lombardy stands to gain the most from this transition, with an estimated annual saving of approximately 140 million Euros. The findings indicate that there is potential for further savings in the National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, NHS) by advocating for a reduction in high-risk behaviors. |
| Keywords: | Smoking; excessive alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity, health expenditure, avoidable mortality, hospital discharges, Reduced-risk products, regional variations |
| JEL: | I11 I13 I14 I15 I19 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2023:22&r=inv |
| By: | Bove, Vincenzo (University of Warwick); Di Salvatore, Jessica (University of Warwick); Elia, Leandro (Marche Polytechnic University); Nistico, Roberto (University of Naples Federico II) |
| Abstract: | A considerable body of empirical evidence indicates that conflict affects reproductive behaviour, often resulting in an increased fertility rate due to higher child mortality and limited access to healthcare services. However, we know much less about the effect of peace in a post-conflict setting. This study explores how the external provision of security affects fertility by focusing on the UN intervention in Liberia. Combining DHS birth history data with information on road distance to UN military compounds, we find that women living in the proximity of peacekeepers have lower fertility rates in the deployment period. This is due to parents prioritizing quality over quantity: peacekeepers improve maternal and child health and encourage family planning by enabling donors and humanitarian actors to deliver infrastructures and services and facilitating citizens' access to such services. We also provide evidence that UN mission revitalizes local economic activities, thus increasing the opportunity cost of childbearing. |
| Keywords: | conflict, fertility, maternal health, child health, UN operations |
| JEL: | J16 J24 D74 F50 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16569&r=inv |
| By: | Boutaina Ismaili Idrissi (FSJES Agdal - Laboratoire d’économie appliquée en sciences économiques (LabeaMSe) Faculté des Sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales-Agdal-Rabat. Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc); Sara Kawkaba (FSJES Agdal - Laboratoire d’économie appliquée en sciences économiques (LabeaMSe) Faculté des Sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales-Agdal-Rabat. Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Maroc) |
| Abstract: | Remittances play a very important role in a country's economic growth and development, while at the same time having a substantial impact on improving household well-being at the microeconomic level. This paper uses propensity score matching as an econometric model to assess the impact of remittances on household consumption. The main source of the analysis is the National Survey on Household Consumption and Expenditure (ENCDM) conducted by the High Commission for Planning (HCP) during the period 2013-2014. This method consists of associating each household that has received remittances from a Moroccan Resident Abroad (MRA) with a household with similar demographic, socioeconomic and geographical characteristics but which, for its part, has not received remittances. The results show that there is a significate and positive relationship between remittances and consumption. As an additional income, remittances increase household consumption expenditure which indicates that higher the level of remittances, higher would be the consumption. As a consequence, these remittances decrease household poverty levels. |
| Abstract: | Les transferts de fonds jouent un rôle très important dans la croissance économique et le développement d'un pays en même temps qu'ils affectent substantiellement, au niveau microéconomique, l'amélioration du bien-être des ménages. Cet article utilise l'appariement sur score de propension en tant que modèle économétrique afin d'évaluer l'impact des transferts de fonds sur la consommation des ménages. L'enquête nationale sur la consommation et les dépenses des ménages (ENCDM) réalisée par le Haut-Commissariat au Plan (HCP) durant la période de 2013- 2014, constitue la source principale de l'analyse. Cette méthode consiste à associer à chaque ménage ayant reçu des transferts de fonds de la part d'un Marocain Résidant à l'Etranger (MRE) un ménage présentant des caractéristiques démographiques, socio-économiques et géographiques similaires mais qui, pour sa part, n'a pas reçu de transfert de fonds. Les résultats montrent qu'il existe une relation significative et positive entre les transferts de fonds et la consommation. En tant que revenu supplémentaire, les transferts de fonds augmentent les dépenses de consommation des ménages, ce qui indique que plus le niveau des transferts de fonds est élevé, plus la consommation est importante. Par conséquent, ces transferts de fonds réduisent les niveaux de pauvreté des ménages |
| Keywords: | Faculté des Sciences juridiques économiques et sociales Agdal Avenue des Nations-Unies B.P. 721 Agdal -Rabat - Consumption Migration Morocco Poverty Propensity score matching Remittances. JEL Classification : F24 Paper type: Empirical Research, Faculté des Sciences juridiques, économiques et sociales Agdal Avenue des Nations-Unies, B.P. 721 Agdal -Rabat - Consumption, Migration, Morocco, Poverty, Propensity score matching, Remittances. JEL Classification : F24 Paper type: Empirical Research |
| Date: | 2023–10–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04270192&r=inv |
| By: | Virginie Andre (Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, Nantes Univ - IUT Saint-Nazaire - Nantes Université - Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - IUML - FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Le contexte très mouvementé dans lequel évoluent les entreprises aujourd'hui implique de savoir gérer les risques. Un logisticien doit pouvoir comprendre le fonctionnement de sa supply chain afin d'adopter les décisions qui permettront à la fois à la supply chain de s'adapter mais aussi d'assurer la pérennité et la survie de son entreprise. Depuis quelques années, des jeux dits "serieux" ou serious game permettent de manière ludique de faire appréhender des concepts qui peuvent être difficiles à comprendre autrement. Ces jeux sont devenus des outils pédagogiques dont l'efficacité a été maintes fois prouvée. Un de ces jeux est le jeu de la bière. Le principe du jeu est de simuler le fonctionnement d'une chaine logistique en attribuant à chaque joueur la responsabilité de la performance d'un acteur. Ce jeu permet de visualiser les impacts de la variation de la demande du client. Nous avons décidé de reprendre ce jeu et de mettre en oeuvre quelques évolutions qui permettront d'illustrer les modes de décision, les stratégies adaptées et les approches décisionnelles. Les scénarios envisagés auront un impact soit localement, c'est à dire sur un acteur, soit sur la chaine globale. Notre objectif dans cet article est d'illustrer à travers l'évolution du jeu de la bière une mise en lumière des concepts auxquels les étudiants seront sensibilisés : fléxibilité, résilience, agilité et robustesse. |
| Date: | 2023–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04265836&r=inv |
| By: | Pepe, Jacopo Maria; Ansari, Dawud; Gehrung, Rosa Melissa |
| Abstract: | Die Wasserstoffwende gewinnt für Deutschland und die Europäische Union (EU) immens an Bedeutung, da Wasserstoff Möglichkeiten bietet, schwer zu dekarbonisierende Bereiche wie Schwerindustrie, Luftfahrt und maritimen Handel in eine klimafreundliche Welt einzubinden. Zugleich besteht der Anspruch, Abhängigkeiten zu verringern, nachhaltige Entwicklung auszubauen und werteorientierten Handel zu etablieren. Drei radikale, aber plausible Szenarien illustrieren die Geopolitik des Wasserstoffs: H2-Neuordnung skizziert eine Verschiebung von Macht, Industrie und Technologieführerschaft gen Osten, H2-(Un-)Abhängigkeit zeigt auf, wie ein europäischer Alleingang im Hinblick auf Wasserstoff zu neuen Abhängigkeiten führt, und H2-Imperialismus beschreibt die Dystopie einer von Hegemonen und Despoten dominierten Wasserstoffwende. Mit der Umstellung auf Wasserstoff werden sich Abhängigkeiten vermutlich nicht verringern, sondern verschieben und verkomplizieren. Insbesondere die Rohstoffliefer- und Wertschöpfungsketten bekommen mehr Gewicht. Auch das entwicklungspolitische Potential des Wasserstoffhandels ist begrenzt, und seine Realisierung bedarf gezielter Anstrengungen. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Ressourcenverteilung, Produktionspotential und aktuellen geopolitischen Machtverhältnissen beeinflussen die Wasserstoffpolitik ebenso wie die Rolle von Akteuren entlang der Wertschöpfungskette. Relevante Akteure priorisieren oft sozioökonomische sowie geo- und industriepolitische Überlegungen. Deutschland und die EU müssen eine proaktive Wasserstoffstrategie verfolgen, Präferenzen externer Akteure anerkennen und Partnerschaften pragmatisch gestalten, um Klimaziele durchzusetzen, die Industrie zu schützen und ihren globalen Einfluss zu bewahren. Unter den zu empfehlenden konkreten Maßnahmen geht es neben einer gezielten Technologieförderung darum, Abhängigkeiten sektorübergreifend und antizipativ zu managen. Diversifizierung ist dabei unerlässlich, flankierende Entwicklungspolitik wäre hilfreich. Wasserstoff-Governance, etwa im Rahmen einer "Wasserstoffallianz", ist insbesondere nötig, um geopolitische Risiken zu mindern und Investitionen am richtigen Ort zu platzieren. |
| Keywords: | Geopolitik, Wasserstoff, Deutschland, Europäische Union (EU), Dekarbonisierung, Technologieführerschaft, Szenarien, Wasserstoffstrategie, Klimaziele, Governance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpstu:279891&r=inv |
| By: | Edward J. Oughton; Tom Russell; Jeongjin Oh; Sara Ballan; Jim W. Hall |
| Abstract: | The ongoing change in Earth`s climate is causing an increase in the frequency and severity of climate-related hazards, for example, from coastal flooding, riverine flooding, and tropical cyclones. There is currently an urgent need to quantify the potential impacts of these events on infrastructure and users, especially for hitherto neglected infrastructure sectors, such as telecommunications, particularly given our increasing dependence on digital technologies. In this analysis a global assessment is undertaken, quantifying the number of mobile cells vulnerable to climate hazards using open crowdsourced data equating to 7.6 million 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G assets. For a 0.01% annual probability event under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5), the number of affected cells is estimated at 2.26 million for tropical cyclones, equating to USD 1.01 billion in direct damage (an increase against the historical baseline of 14% and 44%, respectively). Equally, for coastal flooding the number of potentially affected cells for an event with a 0.01% annual probability under RCP8.5 is 109.9 thousand, equating to direct damage costs of USD 2.69 billion (an increase against the baseline of 70% and 78%, respectively). The findings demonstrate the need for risk analysts to include mobile communications (and telecommunications more broadly) in future critical national infrastructure assessments. Indeed, this paper contributes a proven assessment methodology to the literature for use in future research for assessing this critical infrastructure sector. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.04392&r=inv |
| By: | Julian di Giovanni; Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan; Alvaro Silva; Muhammed A. Yildirim |
| Abstract: | We estimate a multi-country multi-sector New Keynesian model to quantify the drivers of domestic inflation during 2020–2023 in several countries, including the United States. The model matches observed inflation together with sector-level prices and wages. We further measure the relative importance of different types of shocks on inflation across countries over time. The key mechanism, the international transmission of demand, supply and energy shocks through global linkages helps us to match the behavior of the USD/Euro exchange rate. The quantification exercise yields four key findings. First, negative supply shocks to factors of production, labor and intermediate inputs, initially sparked inflation in 2020–2021. Global supply chains and complementarities in production played an amplification role in this initial phase. Second, positive aggregate demand shocks, due to stimulative policies, widened demand-supply imbalances, amplifying inflation further during 2021–2022. Third, the reallocation of consumption between goods and service sectors, a relative sector-level demand shock, played a role in transmitting these imbalances across countries through the global trade and production network. Fourth, global energy shocks have differential impacts on the US relative to other countries’ inflation rates. Further, complementarities between energy and other inputs to production play a particularly important role in the quantitative impact of these shocks on inflation. |
| JEL: | F40 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31887&r=inv |
| By: | Yohanes Ferry Cahaya (Perbanas Institute JL.Perbanas Karet Kuningan - Setiabudi, 12940, Jakarta Sealatan, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Hedwigis Esti Riwayati Author-2-Workplace-Name: Perbanas Institute JL.Perbanas Karet Kuningan - Setiabudi, 12940, Jakarta Sealatan, Indonesia Author-3-Name: Markonah Markonah Author-3-Workplace-Name: Perbanas Institute JL.Perbanas Karet Kuningan - Setiabudi, 12940, Jakarta Sealatan, Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Using data from Bank Group Based On Core Capital (GBCC) 4 in Jabodetabek, this study aimed to assess and validate the significance of customer trust in moderating the influence of customer engagement and financial literacy on customer loyalty. Methodology – With the use of a causal approach and a total sample size of 253 respondents, the descriptive quantitative technique was employed in this study. The data were then analyzed using the PLS SEM (Partial et al. Model). Findings and Novelty – This study's findings show that while customer interaction has no effect on consumer trust, financial literacy does. consumer trust is a mediator between financial literacy and consumer loyalty. Customer trust does not act as a mediator between customer engagement and customer loyalty. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Financial literacy; Customer Engagement, Customer Trust, Customer Loyalty |
| JEL: | D11 D18 I22 |
| Date: | 2023–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jfbr215&r=inv |
| By: | Nagengast, Arne (Deutsche Bundesbank); Yotov, Yoto (Drexel University) |
| Abstract: | We nest an extended two-way fixed effect (ETWFE) estimator for staggered difference-in-differences within the structural gravity model. To test the ETWFE, we estimate the effects of regional trade agreements (RTAs). The results suggest that RTA estimates in the current gravity literature may be biased downward (by more than 50% in our sample). Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of our main findings and demonstrate the applicability of our methods in different settings. We expect the ETWFE methods to have significant implications for the estimates of other policy variables in the trade literature and for gravity regressions on migration and FDI flows. |
| Keywords: | Staggered Difference-in-Differences; Gravity Model; Trade Agreements |
| JEL: | C13 C23 F10 F13 F14 |
| Date: | 2023–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:drxlwp:2023_006&r=inv |
| By: | Duman, Anil |
| Abstract: | This report is part of an EU-wide project on the social dialogue regarding labour relations during the Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically the report aims to answer the following questions: 1. What public policy and social dialogue measures targeting the selected vulnerable groups were implemented for employment and social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020-2022? 2. To what extent and how did social dialogue play a role in the implementation of social and employment rights of selected vulnerable groups in the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2022? 3. What lessons and opportunities does the COVID-19 pandemic yield for strengthening social dialogue in the studied countries? In the report, secondary and primary data sources are combined. Labour market and industrial relations analysis largely rely on existing literature. Social policies during the Covid-19 pandemic are based on the Turkish DEFEN-CE Database, which combines multiple sources such as international reports, official documents, reports from trade unions and employers’ organizations, and academic literature. To understand the role of social partners in the defense of vulnerable groups, the report uses 9 semi-structured interviews. 3 Trade Union and 3 Employer Associations from different confederations representing workers and employers across different sectors and sizes are selected to provide a broad range of opinions. Additionally, two NGOs that were quite active during the pandemic and the Turkish Medical Association as one of the most vocal groups and the representative of healthcare sector workers were chosen for interviews. No government officials, either at the local or national level, were willing or able to participate in the interviews. All interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis based on a DEFEN-CE coding scheme. |
| Date: | 2023–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:d5xea&r=inv |
| By: | Aadil Belhaj (FEG SETTAT - Faculté d’Économie et de Gestion de Settat); Asmae El Byere (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi) |
| Abstract: | Modern companies are called upon to keep pace with the rapid development and change taking place in the field of information technology. Indeed, to fully play its roles, the company is called upon to hire a competent team for its IT function, which masters both the technical and the managerial aspects. However, having a competent IT team is not always easy. Faced with this situation, companies often opt for IT outsourcing practices, entrusting all or part of their IT management to an external, competent and professional company. This article aims to explore the challenges faced by IT service providers (IT suppliers) and enterprises (customers) in managing an IT outsourcing relationship. To this end, we conducted a qualitative case study. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results highlight a series of challenges that both parties must overcome when agreeing to sign an IT outsourcing contracts. These challenges relate in particular to the agreement of service levels, the contract duration, the type of contract, the decision to invest or not to invest in IT, the cost of the contract, and finally the contractual relationship and risk management linked to the IT outsourcing contracts. This article, from a supplier-oriented perspective, contributes to an understanding of the constraints and stakes of an IT outsourcing contractual relationship, and presents an explanation of the challenges that lead to a successful IT outsourcing contract. |
| Abstract: | Les entreprises modernes sont appelées à suivre le développement et le changement rapide que connaît le domaine des technologies de l'information. En effet, pour jouer pleinement ses rôles, l'entreprise est appelée à engager une équipe compétente pour sa fonction IT, qui maîtrise à la fois le volet technique et le volet managérial. Or, se doter d'une équipe IT compétente n'est pas toujours évident. Devant cette situation, les entreprises optent souvent pour des pratiques d'IT outsourcing pour confier une partie ou la totalité de la gestion informatique à une société externe, compétente et professionnelle. Cet article vise à explorer les défis que rencontrent les sociétés de fourniture de services IT (fournisseurs IT) et les entreprises clientes dans la gestion d'une relation d'externalisation IT. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une étude qualitative par étude de cas. Les données ont été collectées via l'entretien semi-directif et sont analysées par une analyse du contenu thématique. Les résultats mettent l'accent sur un ensemble de défis que les deux parties doivent enlever en acceptant de signer un contrat d'IT outsourcing. Ces défis concernent spécialement l'accord des niveaux de services, la durée de contrat, le type de contrat, la décision d'investir ou de ne pas investir dans l'IT, le coût du contrat, et finalement la relation contractuelle et la gestion des risques liés au contrat d'IT outsourcing. Cet article, à travers une perspective orientée fournisseur, contribue à la compréhension des contraintes et des enjeux d'une relation contractuelle de sous-traitance informatique et présente une explication des défis qui mènent vers la réussite d'un contrat d'IT outsourcing. |
| Keywords: | IT externalization, IT outsourcing challenges, IT contract, IT service provider, IT outsourcing, Externalisation informatique, Défis d'IT outsourcing, contrat IT, Prestataire de services IT |
| Date: | 2023–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04264048&r=inv |
| By: | Bates, Lillian (Williams College); Hall, Oliver (Brookings Institution); Jakiela, Pamela (Williams College) |
| Abstract: | All OECD countries except the United States offer at least four months of paid maternity leave, and the average duration of mandated paid maternity leave has increased steadily from 1970 to the present. There is some evidence that paid leave policies above a certain duration negatively impact women's labor market outcomes. In order to estimate the effects of paid leave, we link data on 40 years of paid leave policy across 24 European countries to survey data using a birth-cohort panel. Following previous work, we show that conventional fixed effects estimation suggests a non-monotonic relationship between leave length and women's labor force attachment, with leaves of three months or less increasing women's labor force attachment while longer leaves reduce it. However, in our context, the putative positive impacts of short-duration maternity leaves on women's employment appear to be driven by negative weighting in fixed effects estimation, which is explained by the fact that all countries in our sample eventually adopt short-duration leave policies. Using a robust imputation-based estimator, we find that maternity leaves longer than three months negatively affect female employment and increase women's domestic work burden. Leaves longer than six months also reduce women's educational attainment and their propensity to raise children. |
| Keywords: | European social policy, women's labor force participation, parental leave, gender, fertility, two-way fixed effects |
| JEL: | D13 J16 J22 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16565&r=inv |
| By: | Quentin Victeur (LAPSCO - Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Antoine Deplancke (ANTHROPO LAB - Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale - ETHICS EA 7446 - Experiments, Technology, Human Interactions, Care & Society - ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille); Florent Varet (ANTHROPO LAB - Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale - ETHICS EA 7446 - Experiments, Technology, Human Interactions, Care & Society - ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille); Vincent Lenglin (ANTHROPO LAB - Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale - ETHICS EA 7446 - Experiments, Technology, Human Interactions, Care & Society - ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille) |
| Abstract: | Imaginez qu'à chaque fois que vous choisissez le vélo plutôt que la voiture pour aller au travail, que vous diminuez la consommation électrique de votre domicile ou que vous renoncez à la cigarette, une somme soit versée à une cause qui vous est chère. Surprenant ? C'est en tout cas ce que proposent de récentes études, selon lesquelles l'incitation à soutenir une association pourrait être un puissant levier pour vous encourager à adopter des comportements plus responsables. |
| Keywords: | associations, politiques publiques, motivation, sciences comportementales, don |
| Date: | 2023–10–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04266127&r=inv |