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on Investment |
| By: | Sulasula, Josephine |
| Abstract: | This research explores the entrepreneurial dimension of public universities in the Zamboanga Peninsula Region of the Philippines, focusing on identifying best practices and addressing associated controversies. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the findings reveal that several public universities in the region have embraced entrepreneurial practices to enhance their financial sustainability and academic quality. These practices include forging partnerships with the private sector to establish research and innovation centers, developing market-driven academic programs, and engaging in income-generating projects. Consequently, these institutions have experienced increased revenue streams and improved reputations, while simultaneously fostering stronger ties with local industries and addressing socio-economic challenges. However, the study also uncovers controversies related to the entrepreneurial approach. Critics argue that overemphasis on revenue generation may compromise the universities' social mission, resulting in potential conflicts of interest and erosion of academic integrity. Furthermore, concerns about accessibility and affordability of education for marginalized populations have been raised. In conclusion, this study highlights the diverse entrepreneurial practices adopted by public universities in the Zamboanga Peninsula Region, emphasizing the need for balanced approaches that align financial sustainability with social responsibility. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the role of public higher education institutions in the Philippines' development landscape. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial dimension, public universities, Zamboanga Peninsula Region, Best practices, Controversies |
| JEL: | A10 H7 L0 L3 L32 L38 L8 L80 L88 M0 M00 M1 M10 M2 M21 Z1 Z18 |
| Date: | 2023–04–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118043&r=inv |
| By: | Fedotov, Alexander (Федотов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kovalenko, Alexey (Коваленко, Алексей) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Polushkina, Anna (Полушкина, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Bedareva, Larisa (Бедарева, Лариса) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The object of the study is the system of research funding in Russian universities. The purpose of the study is to assess the potential of scientific research in universities of different profiles and the ability of higher education institutions to attract budgetary and non-budgetary funding for research. Method and methodology of research – methods of statistical data analysis; methods of comparison and generalization of the results obtained; international methodology for calculating socioeconomic indicators; methods of comparative analysis of socioeconomic information. The study as a whole is aimed at solving the following main fundamental and applied problems: Analysis of the principles, models and mechanisms of research funding in the system of higher education in Russia and abroad; Development of approaches (methodology) to assessing the impact of the amount of budgetary and non-budgetary funding of scientific research on the development of universities as scientific and educational centers; Analysis of regulatory documents pertaining to non-financial support measures, financing of scientific research in Russian universities and the effectiveness of their implementation; Analysis of the impact of the establishment of world-class research and education centers on the distribution of financial resources in Russia’s higher education system; Assessment of the current financing volume of civilian research, development and engineering (RD&E) works at universities of different profiles by integrated multidisciplinary groups (IMG), individual training areas and types of activity in the last three years; Determination of the impact of funding and non-financial support measures for university research on the development of universities of different profiles; Development of recommendations to improve the existing support measures for university research in Russia, including support for the subsequent implementation of the results of university research and their commercialization. Research findings. The authors have analyzed the principles, models and mechanisms of financing university research that have been implemented during the last two decades in the USA, China, Japan, Germany, South Korea, France, India, Great Britain, Brazil, and Russia; they have also analyzed the regulatory norms of the system of state support for science development in the Russian Federation, as well as the system for development and application of these measures, assessed the current volume of university research funding by main sources and financing mechanisms for the last three years (based on the statistics available), conducted comparative analysis of funding volumes for universities and academic organizations in different areas (based on the statistics available), proposed a methodology for assessing the microeconomic efficiency and macroeconomic impact of the university’s research activity, conducted an assessment of the influence of university research funding on the development of universities of various profiles. The material was prepared based on the results of research work on research topic 11.3 “Financing and non-financial support measures of university science and their impact on the development of universities of different profiles, ” performed within the framework of the state assignment to RANEPA. |
| Keywords: | RESEARCH FUNDING IN UNIVERSITIES, HIGHER EDUCATION, DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITIES, SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL, COMPETITIVENESS OF EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220139&r=inv |
| By: | Dmitriev, Mikhail (Дмитриев, Михаил) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Krapil, Valery (Крапиль, Валерий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study analyzes the practice of strategic planning in the Russian Federation. The key goal of the study is to analyze the implementation results of strategic documents prepared by various institutions, and to compare them with the implementation results of other top-level strategic documents in the context of evolution of the institutional framework of strategic planning in Russia over the past two decades. The study uses methods of analysis of the implementation results of strategic planning documents and information on the implementation of reforms in the public administration system. The authors use standard expert assessments and official government information to evaluate and compare the results of different types of top-level strategic documents. The results of the study present a methodology for collecting information on the implementation results of top-level strategic documents, a methodology for comparing the implementation results for different kinds of strategic documents. They allow us to identify key institutional problems in the existing strategic planning system and to develop recommendations for improving the institutional component in the strategic planning system. Scientific novelty of the study is based on the analysis of institutional strategic planning problems, produced using the findings of the study of implementation results of previously adopted top-level strategies. The results of the study can be used in preparing future top-level strategic documents. |
| Keywords: | STRATEGIC PLANNING, STRATEGIC PLANNING DOCUMENTS, TARGETS, ECONOMIC REFORMS, MONITORING STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION |
| JEL: | C82 E61 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220102&r=inv |
| By: | Sven Klingler; Olav Syrstad |
| Abstract: | We investigate if the benchmark transition from London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) affects the costs of borrowing floating rate debt. The primary market for dollar-denominated floating rate notes (FRNs) provides an ideal laboratory to study these e ects. Comparing the spreads of FRNs linked to LIBOR and SOFR, issued by the same entity during the same month, we find a significantly lower yield spread for SOFR-linked debt after adjusting for the maturity-matched spreads from the swap market. In addition, despite identification challenges, we observe a quantitatively similar pattern in the syndicated loan market. |
| Keywords: | Benchmark rates, floating rates, financial regulation, LIBOR, SOFR. |
| JEL: | E43 G12 G18 G29 |
| Date: | 2023–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bno:worpap:2023_7&r=inv |
| By: | Röder, Norbert; Krämer, Christine |
| Abstract: | With the current reform of the Common agricultural policy (CAP), the EU aims to increase in particular the contribution of the agricultural sector to the protection of the climate, the environment and biodiversity in addition to income support. Therefore, the income support of the first pillar will be linked to compliance with “extended conditionalities” and supplementary Eco-schemes will be introduced in the CAP’s first pillar from 01.01.2023 on. Farmers will receive additional payments if they participate voluntarily in the Eco-schemes. Furthermore, the EU wants to increase the flexibility of the agricultural policy and tailor it better to the needs of the different member states. For this purpose, the member states have to develop national CAP strategic plans and specify, among other, the Eco-schemes. The BMEL in consultation with the federal states and stakeholders has developed the national strategic plan including proposals for the design of the Eco-schemes. During the preparation of the draft for the German CAP strategic plan, the Thünen Institute was commissioned to assess the economic implications of the Eco-schemes. Beside the question of implementation costs on farm level, this includes especially the analyses of the potential uptake and budgetary implications of the different measures given varying payment levels. For the evaluation of the ecological impacts of the proposed Eco-schemes, the Institut für Ländliche Strukturforschung (IflS) lead consortium in charge of the ex-ante evaluation of the German CAP strategic plan was consulted. The ex-ante evaluation was understood as an accompanying and supporting process during the development of the national strategic plan. The subject of the evaluation is derived from the specific objectives set out in Art. 6 No. 1 (d), (e) and (f) of the CAP Strategic Plan Regulation. Furthermore, questions of effectiveness, efficiency and consistency are addressed in the context of the overall Green Architecture. In this volume 6 of the Thünen Working Paper 180, an estimate is made of the expected regional take-up of support for fallow land and unmown grass stripes depending on the payment levels and the conditions. Furthermore, a qualitative classification of the options listed in the BLAG paper on the "Further development of the CAP" of 08.04.2020 (BMEL, 2020) for the design of the eco-regulations is made. This paper reflects the state of discussion in September 2020. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:337994&r=inv |
| By: | Yulia Marchenko (StataCorp) |
| Abstract: | Model uncertainty accompanies many data analyses. Stata's new bma suite that performs Bayesian model averaging (BMA) helps address this uncertainty in the context of linear regression. Which predictors are important given the observed data? Which models are more plausible? How do predictors relate to each other across different models? BMA can answer these and more questions. BMA uses the Bayes theorem to aggregate the results across multiple candidate models to account for model uncertainty during inference and prediction in a principled and universal way. In my presentation, I will describe the basics of BMA and demonstrate it with the bma suite. I will also show how BMA can become a useful tool for your regression analysis, Bayesian or not! |
| Date: | 2023–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:usug23:17&r=inv |
| By: | Filippo Mezzanotti; Timothy Simcoe |
| Abstract: | Abstract U.S. firms have reduced their investment in scientific research (“R”) compared to product development (“D”), raising questions about the returns to each type of investment, and about the reasons for this shift. We use Census data that disaggregates “R” from “D” to study how US firms adjust their innovation investments in response to an external increase in funding cost. Companies with greater demand for refinancing during the 2008 financial crisis made larger cuts to R&D investment. This reduction in R&D is achieved almost entirely by reducing investments in basic and applied research. Development remains essentially unchanged. Although patenting is more strongly correlated with development than research investments, the impact of the crisis appears in citation-weighted patent output after 3 to 5 years. Finally, we show that if other firms patenting similar technologies are exposed to the crisis, then a focal firm's Development investment declines. We consider several mechanisms that could explain these results, and without ruling out every alternative, conclude that the overall pattern is consistent with an important role for technological competition in R&D financing decisions. |
| JEL: | G30 L20 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31521&r=inv |
| By: | Pape Sakho (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal); Gaele Lesteven (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Momar Diongue (Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal); Pascal Pochet (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | [Short excerpt] Africa's major cities are growing at a rapid pace. In Dakar, Senegal's capital, for instance, the population has almost doubled in 20 years, reaching 4 million inhabitants today. But in most metropolises, like Dakar, planning isn't keeping up with the expansion. One example of this is the city's transport system. Public transport plays a fundamental role in providing access to any city. However, in many cities, it's lacking, particularly in areas of urban sprawl. This worsens the quality of life for people living in these areas, where there is a shortage of jobs and amenities. |
| Keywords: | Dakar -- Senegal, Daily urban mobility, Clandestine taxi, Informal transport, Transport system |
| Date: | 2023–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04023754&r=inv |
| By: | Riku Laine (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Mikko Aaltonen; Mikko Myrskylä (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Pekka Martikainen (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Life-course criminology has recently begun to focus on the sociohistorical context, with the use of multi-cohort studies. However, those studies have mostly concentrated on offending or aggregate crime rates. Desistance research, in turn, has largely overlooked the impact of the broader sociohistorical context. Based on recent work on the sociohistorical context and offending, we propose that context can also shape the desistance process. We examined the employment, housing, and marriages of Finnish first-time prisoners released between 1995 and 2014 (N = 23 358) until 2019. We quantified the link between selected macro-level indicators and these three outcomes using applied age-period-cohort-models. The results showed that the outcomes evolved in separate ways post-release. Employment and marriage became more common, but only employment showed distinct periodical changes. The probability of living in housing remained relatively stable. A higher level of national unemployment was associated with all outcomes. The association between background factors and the outcomes changed depending on release year. Post-prison societal integration should not be measured by recidivism alone. Desistance studies should address the societal context when comparing different times or countries. Early studies may require replication if the associations between demographic factors and desistance outcomes are subject to change. |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2023-037&r=inv |