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on International Trade |
| By: | Giovanni Federico (Universitá di Pisa); Antonio Tena-Junguito (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents our data-base on world trade from 1800 to 1938. We have collected or estimated series of imports and exports, at current and constant (1913) prices and at current and at constant (1913) borders, for 149 polities. After a short review of the available series, we describe the methods for the construction of the data-base. We then deal with the criteria for the inclusion of polities, the representativeness of our series, the main types of sources, the procedures of deflation and, when necessary, of adjustments to 1913 borders. We discuss the details of the estimation of our polity series in Appendix B. Following Feinstein and Thomas (2001), we assess the reliability of our polity estimates. In the last two sections we present our trade series at current and 1913 borders and compare them with other available series. All data are available in a World Trade 1800-1938 Appendix Excel File |
| Keywords: | World Trade, new series, 19th and 20th century |
| JEL: | F14 N10 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0093&r=int |
| By: | Lili Yan ING (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) and University of Indonesia); Shujiro URATA (ERIA and Waseda University); Yoshifumi FUKUNAGA (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | Based on profit estimations, findings from a firm-level survey of 630 manufacturing firms across Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries conducted in 2013 showed that a 1 percent increase in the share of exports in total sales will increase the probability of use of free trade agreements (FTAs) by 0.2 percent, whereas a 1 percent increase in the share of imports in total inputs will reduce the probability of use of FTAs by 0.4 percent. Results from locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) show that the use of FTAs is tilde-shaped and negative-shaped as a function of exports and imports, respectively. |
| Keywords: | Free Trade Agreement, ASEAN, Regional integration, FTA Utilisation |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F16 F23 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2016-01&r=int |
| By: | Werner Raza; Lance Taylor; Bernhard Troster; Rudi von Arnim (Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Since mid-2013, the United States and the European Union have been negotiating a so-called free trade agreement, by now labeled “Transatlantic trade and investment partnership” or TTIP in short. The authors suggest that TTIP is a bad deal for three reasons. First, the projected economic gains amount to not more than a rounding error. Second, none of these studies account for social, environmental or economic adjustment costs. Third, available documents suggest that TTIP is intended to be a “living agreement,” which could permanently bias the legislative process in favor of multinational corporations. |
| Keywords: | Trade, TPP, TTIP, Free Trade |
| JEL: | E21 H2 H30 D63 |
| Date: | 2014–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:epa:cepapn:2014_02&r=int |
| By: | Peter A. Petri (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Michael G. Plummer (Johns Hopkins University) |
| Abstract: | This Working Paper estimates the effects of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) using a comprehensive, quantitative trade model, updating results reported in Petri, Plummer, and Zhai (2012) with recent data and information from the agreement. The new estimates suggest that the TPP will increase annual real incomes in the United States by $131 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP, and annual exports by $357 billion, or 9.1 percent of exports, over baseline projections by 2030, when the agreement is nearly fully implemented. Annual income gains by 2030 will be $492 billion for the world. While the United States will be the largest beneficiary of the TPP in absolute terms, the agreement will generate substantial gains for Japan, Malaysia, and Vietnam as well, and solid benefits for other members. The agreement will raise US wages but is not projected to change US employment levels; it will slightly increase "job churn" (movements of jobs between firms) and impose adjustment costs on some workers. |
| Keywords: | Trans-Pacific Partnership, Free Trade Agreements |
| JEL: | F12 F13 F14 F15 F17 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp16-2&r=int |
| By: | Guschin, Evgeniy (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russian Foreign Trade Academy); Istomin, R. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ptashkina, M. G. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Taganov, B. V. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The study investigates the effects of liberalization of foreign trade of the Russian Federation in the process and as a result of accession to the WTO, the conclusion of preferential trade agreements, including free trade agreements with the countries of the CIS Customs Union with Kazakhstan and Belarus. Particular attention is paid to assessing the objectives of the Russian trade and integration policies, progress. The paper structured main implications of WTO accession and the establishment of the Customs Union of Russia's foreign trade, mutual trade between Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus, outlined key directions of deepening and expanding economic integration in the post-Soviet space. |
| Keywords: | WTO, GDP, Russia, liberalisation of trade |
| Date: | 2015–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:mak15n1&r=int |
| By: | Anabela Correia de Brito; Céline Kauffmann; Jacques Pelkmans |
| Abstract: | This study takes stock of the institutional setting, operational modalities, strengths and weaknesses of various forms of mutual recognition when used in different sector and country contexts. It aims to build a greater understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of one of the 11 mechanisms of international regulatory co-operation identified by the OECD Regulatory Policy Committee in OECD (2013), International Regulatory Co-operation: Addressing Global Challenges. The paper relies on an empirical stocktaking of mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) among selected OECD countries, the systematic review of mutual recognition clauses in trade agreements, case studies of the specific experience of the EU internal market, the Trans-Tasman arrangement, and the MRA between the US and the EU of 1998, and an extensive review of the literature. |
| Keywords: | mutual recognition, regulatory policy, trade agreements |
| JEL: | F1 F5 H7 K2 |
| Date: | 2016–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaah:2-en&r=int |
| By: | Andrea Spear (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)); Mia Mikic (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)) |
| Abstract: | Much hinges on the outcome of the World Trade Organization's Tenth Ministerial Conference in Nairobi in mid-December. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is marking the 20th anniversary of its establishment during the Uruguay Round, almost half a century after 23 countries set up its predecessor for trade in goods, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Yet the mood is far from celebratory. The downbeat feeling is more related to the question of the WTO's relevance, now and in future. The WTO was established in 1995 by 123 countries to seek freer and fairer trade by performing three main functions: 1) to serve as a permanent platform for negotiating on rules and market access issues; 2) to monitor implementation of the WTO Agreements, the legal ground-rules for international trade; and 3) to assist members to resolve disputes under the Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Its inability to shake off the shadow of the widely perceived 'failure' of the Doha Round (launched in November 2001) explains this sense of impotence and tests the 162 members' resolve to make the WTO work for all. |
| Keywords: | trade, nairobi,wto, ministerial conference |
| JEL: | F1 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:esctis:tis14&r=int |
| By: | Ronald B. Davies (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland); Michael J. Lamla (University of Essex, United Kingdom); Marc Schiffbauer (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | Using firm-level data for Jordan, we estimate the extent to which growth spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to local firms stem from persistent learning ex- ternalities (i.e., they endure even after foreign investment leaves as knowledge has been transferred to local firms) or from transitory effects (e.g., demand increases which evap- orate following disinvestment). We find that they have a significant transitory nature, with employment and capital growth declining when FDI falls, particularly in down- stream industries supplied by locals. This suggests that if FDI-attracting policies are intended to promote sustainable growth, it may be more effective to attract and retain FDI via long-term structural policies, for instance, through low corporate tax rates rather than temporary tax holidays or through policies that strengthen the domestic absorptive capacity and linkages between foreign and local firms. It also suggests that FDI-led growth can increase a country's vulnerability to adverse global shocks in that the productivity gains of domestic firms will be partly reversed with the disinvestment of multinational firms. |
| Keywords: | FDI, Spillovers |
| JEL: | F23 F16 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kof:wpskof:16-399&r=int |
| By: | Zhang Haiping (Singapore Management University) |
| Abstract: | We embed financial frictions and sector-specific minimum investment requirements (MIR) in a two-factor, two-sector, overlapping-generation model and show that whether trade integration leads to convergence of the income levels among member states depends on their level of financial development. It helps reconcile the mixed empirical evidence on trade integration and income dynamics in different groups of countries from the institutional perspective. In the recent decades, trade globalization has allowed developed countries to specialize towards the high-MIR, high-return production stages and tasks through international fragmentation of production and global sourcing. In our model, the "sectors" can be interpreted broadly as production stages and tasks. Free trade may induce the more financially developed countries to specialize fully in the high-MIR, high-return "sector", which fundamentally changes the credit market condition and the way the interest rate is determined. In this case, free trade may amplify rather than eliminate the global imbalances (a phenomenon of the large capital ows from developing to developed countries observed in the recent years), opposite to the findings of Antras and Caballero (2009, Journal of Political Economy). This way, we argue that trade and financial integration should be analyzed jointly and trade driven structural changes may reshape our understanding of capital fl ows. |
| Keywords: | Financial development, financial integration, minimum investment requirements, symmetry breaking, trade integration, wealth inequality |
| JEL: | F11 F41 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:siu:wpaper:15-2015&r=int |
| By: | Jaewon Jung |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a simple general-equilibrium trade model in which heterogeneous workers make an investment decision in acquiring advanced managerial skills and choose their optimal effort level based on their own individual organizational beliefs and CEO’s managerial vision. In doing so, we show how trade liberalization and/or changes in managerial vision of CEO may lead to non-monotonic income changes within firms due to the interaction between workers’ beliefs and CEO’s managerial vision. Whether a stronger (or weaker) CEO’s managerial vision benefits the firm or not depends on its extent relative to workers’ overall beliefs, and may involve some winners and losers within firms. |
| Keywords: | Organizational belief, Managerial vision, Organizational change, International trade |
| JEL: | F16 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wsr:wpaper:y:2015:i:161&r=int |
| By: | Fatum, Rasmus (University of Alberta); Liu, Runjuan (University of Alberta); Tong, Jiadong (Nankai University); Xu, Jiayun (Tsinghua University) |
| Abstract: | The premise of beggar-thy-neighbor policies and currency wars is that currency depreciations lead to export growth. This premise, however, is far from validated as the existing economic literature largely either fails to find significant trade flow effects of currency fluctuations or finds that these effects are only minor. We revisit the question of whether currency fluctuations are systematically associated with trade flows using rich and unique firm level Chinese customs data on China-US trade over the 2000 to 2011 period that allows us to consider firm involvement in processing trade and firm dynamics in both export and import markets. Our firm-level based estimation of trade elasticities suggest that the China-US trade balance strongly responds to changes in the CNY/USD rate. This finding is particularly pronounced when we distinguish between ordinary and processing firms. Our results thus suggest that the influence of exchange rates on trade flows is stronger than previously thought and add insights to the policy debate on beggar-thy-neighbor policies and currency wars by, at least in principle, validating the underlying premise of such policies. |
| JEL: | F14 F31 F41 |
| Date: | 2015–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:feddgw:257&r=int |
| By: | Blanchard,Emily J.; Bown,Chad P.; Johnson,Robert Christopher |
| Abstract: | How do global supply chain linkages modify countries'incentives to impose import protection? Are these linkages empirically important determinants of trade policy? To address these questions, this paper introduces supply chain linkages into a workhorse terms-of-trade model of trade policy with political economy. Theory predicts that discretionary final goods tariffs will be decreasing in the domestic content of foreign-produced final goods. Provided foreign political interests are not too strong, final goods tariffs will also be decreasing in the foreign content of domestically-produced final goods. The paper tests these predictions using newly assembled data on bilateral applied tariffs, temporary trade barriers, and value-added contents for 14 major economies over the 1995-2009 period. There is strong support for the empirical predictions of the model. The results imply that global supply chains matter for trade policy, both in principle and in practice. |
| Keywords: | Free Trade,Economic Theory&Research,Trade Policy,Labor Policies,Trade Law |
| Date: | 2016–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7536&r=int |
| By: | Carlo Ciccarelli; Alessandro Nuvolari |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the dynamics of technical change in the Italian locomotive industry in the period 1850-1913. From an historical point of view, this industry presents a major point of interest: it was one of the few relatively sophisticated "high-tech" sectors in which Italy, a latecomer country, was able to set foot firmly before 1913. Using technical data on the performance of different vintages of locomotives, we construct a new industry-level index of technical change. Our reassessment reveals the critical role played by non-tariff barriers for the emergence and consolidation of national manufacturers in this field. |
| Date: | 2014–02–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2014/23&r=int |
| By: | Juliane Proelss (Concordia University); Denis Schweizer (Concordia University); Volker Seiler (University of Paderborn) |
| Abstract: | Rare earth elements (REEs) have gained increasing attention recently for several key reasons: 1) they are vital to many strategic industries, 2) they are relatively scarce, 3) they frequently exhibit high price fluctuations, 4) China holds a quasi-monopoly on their mining, and 5) China’s REE policy, which was overly restrictive and led to a formal complaint from the U.S., Japan, and the EU at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2012. This paper investigates whether the announcement of a WTO dispute resolution case can influence governmental changes in existing policies. We find empirical support for this notion, because REE prices exhibit a structural break around the announcement of a WTO dispute, and show lower variance ratios for all tested REEs afterward. This indicates a tendency toward efficiency, although REE prices still do not follow a random walk. Similarly, we find that the stock price informativeness of companies in the REE industry increases after such an announcement, reflecting more firm-specific than marketwide information and less governmental influence. Finally, we show that the model uncertainty for option pricing models decreases, which we measure by the lower pricing differences among them. |
| Keywords: | Announcement Market Efficiency, Rare Earth Elements, Stock Price Informativeness, Structural Break Tests, Variance Ratio Tests, World Trade Organization (WTO) |
| JEL: | C22 C58 F13 G14 G18 G28 Q02 Q38 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:ciepap:93&r=int |
| By: | Balandina, G. V. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The object of study in this paper are the trade policy measures and other measures affecting foreign trade in goods made by the Customs Union within the EurAsEC and its individual members in order to protect the domestic market. The subject of the study is normative and other legal acts (including international agreements and other acts of the Customs Union within the Eurasian Economic Community, as well as international agreements which will come into force on 1 January 2015 in connection with the signing of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of 29 May 2014) establishing measures of state regulation of foreign trade in goods, including measures to protect the domestic market, state, regional and other programs of development of separate territories and sectors of the economy, reports of international organizations, the scientific assessment of measures to protect the domestic market in the specialized literature, data export and foreign trade statistics. |
| Keywords: | trade policy measures, Customs Union, EurAsEs |
| Date: | 2015–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:mak15n2&r=int |
| By: | Nigora, Talipova |
| Abstract: | After independence, Central Asian countries embarked on the path of radical socio-economic and political transformation. Growing economic openness of countries contributes towards joining the world community. Each of them in its own way has built a strategy of reforming the economy and solve the problems of the former administrative system. Today, Central Asian countries differ significantly in population, territory, natural resources, level of socio-economic development, political orientation. They are characterized by different degrees of readiness to cooperate and integrate with the rest of the world. The growing economic openness of the country contributes to refocus its entry into the world community. In the article on example of Uzbekistan discussed issues of foreign trade liberalization and mechanisms to reduce trade barriers, as factors for integration of countries in the region. |
| Keywords: | integration, trade barriers, liberalization, import, export, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamc14:212561&r=int |
| By: | Abigail Cooke; Thomas Kemeny; David L. Rigby |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of international trade, and specifically imports from low-wage countries, in determining patterns of job loss in U.S. manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2007. Motivated by intuitions from factor-proportions-inspired work on offshoring and heterogeneous firms in trade, we build industry-level measures of import competition. Combining worker data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics dataset, detailed establishment information from the Census of Manufactures, and transaction-level trade data, we find that rising import competition from China and other developing economies increases the likelihood of job loss among manufacturing workers with less than a high school degree; it is not significantly related to job losses for workers with at least a college degree. |
| Keywords: | international trade, import competition, job loss, inequality, manufacturing |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F16 J31 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:16-05&r=int |
| By: | Djuric, Ivan; Götz, Linde; Glauben, Thomas |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229240&r=int |
| By: | Gibson, Mark J.; Wang, Qianqian |
| Abstract: | We study the e§ect of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures on Chinese agricultural exports and the role of trade intermediaries in this process following Chinaís accession to the World Trade Organization. While agricultural exports and SPS regulations have both grown, the use of trade intermediaries has declined sharply. We develop a model of heterogeneous producer-level decisions about choice of export mode that is consistent with this trend. In our econometric analysis, we analyze the e§ects of SPS measures and trade intermediaries on Chinese fruit and vegetable exports using transaction-level customs data. In contrast to much of the literature, we Önd a positive relationship between SPS measures and exports. The interaction between SPS measures and the use of trade intermediaries is, however, negative, which is also consistent with our model of producersíexport mode decisions. |
| Keywords: | Chinese agricultural exports, trade intermediaries, SPS measures, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F1, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:assa16:212838&r=int |
| By: | Estrades, Carmen |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229229&r=int |
| By: | Joong-Wan Cho (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)); Rajan Sudesh Ratna (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)); Vivian Leung Shi Min (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)) |
| Abstract: | Growing demand for raw materials and the expansion of the productive capacity of emerging economies have exacerbated the region’s high resource dependence, especially in energy, such as fossil fuels. A growth in energy demand, coupled with the high price volatility and dependence on fossil fuels, has made efforts for energy security more challenging than before. The Asia-Pacific region as a whole has increased its share of global commodity imports, across all sectors (minerals and metals, fuels and agriculture) over the last five years (2009 to 2013), from 26% to 30%, based on nominal values. Growth in energy demand, coupled with the increasing price volatility and dependence on fossil fuels, has made efforts for energy security more challenging than before. The Asia-Pacific economies hold vast amounts of fossil and non-fossil energy resources. As a region, it is a net exporter of coal, natural gas (through the pipeline), and electricity, but a net importer of oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Owing to accelerated levels of economic development, region’s demand continued to grow. This increased demand is not being met with a sufficient rise in production, leading to reduced exports and increased import demand. Despite holding vast coal and natural gas reserves, demand for fossil fuel in Asia and the Pacific is increasingly being met by imports with long term effect on its trade balance. To enhance energy security, which is essential for inclusive and sustainable growth, countries of Asia-Pacific will have to strengthen energy cooperation, build regional connectivity, and invest in adequate infrastructure. Growing import dependency coupled with emergent regionalism has certainly enhanced the prospects for regional energy cooperation and integration of the energy sector, which can enhance the possibility of regional energy security. However, due to its diverse nature, such cooperation is confined to national initiatives rather than at a pan Asia-Pacific or sub-regional levels. The paper examines the prospects for enhanced energy security through regional energy trade and integration by exploring the case of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA). The paper concludes by stating that regional cooperation for achieving energy security collectively is a viable alternative to traditional individual or bilateral attempts and that the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement is an ideal vehicle for providing energy security through enhanced trade due to tariff concessions to be offered on energy products and also through expansion of its membership to the energy supplying countries. |
| Keywords: | energy, energy security, fossil fuels, Asia and the Pacific |
| JEL: | M13 M15 M21 M37 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:arwopa:awp153&r=int |
| By: | Kenneth Baltzer |
| Abstract: | Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) between the European Union (EU) and trade partners go far beyond mere elimination of tariffs to include such diverse issues as non-tariff barriers, competition legislation, investment protection, and more. Implementing such provisions requires deep institutional and policy adjustments. This report reviews the international experiences with institutional and policy adjustments needed to implement FTAs with the EU, as seen from a developing country perspective. It focuses on three issues: investment, competitiveness, and competition, including state-owned enterprise reform. The report concludes that the FTAs represent significant challenges for developing countries, but also potential opportunities for a more efficient trading system |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2015-127&r=int |
| By: | Xiaoyang Li; Yue M. Zhou |
| Abstract: | We combine international trade data from the U.S. Census Bureau with Toxics Release Inventory data from the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate the relationship between U.S. firms’ imports from low-wage countries (LWCs) and toxic emissions by their domestic plants. We find that plants release less toxic emissions on American soil when their parent firm imports more from LWCs. According to our estimates, when a plant’s parent firm increases its share of imports from LWCs by 10 percentage points, the plant’s toxic emissions on American soil decrease by about 4%. These effects are stronger for plants facing greater institutional pressures on environmental performance, such as plants located in dirtier U.S. counties. In addition, goods imported by U.S. firms from LWCs are in more pollution-intensive industries than goods imported from the rest of the world. Taken together, our results provide the first large-sample empirical evidence that U.S. firms offshore both production and pollution to the developing world. |
| Keywords: | environment, offshore, institutions |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:16-09&r=int |
| By: | Shima'a Hanafy (University of Marburg) |
| Abstract: | We empirically analyse the determinants of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Egypt employing a novel panel dataset of 26 Egyptian governorates for the period 1992–2008. Using the case of Arab FDI to Egypt, we also investigate whether FDI location determinants are different depending on similarity of culture and language between FDI source and host region. Our results indicate that domestic private investment, well-functioning Free Zones, and labour abundance positively affect FDI location. In contrast to results for other countries, we find no significant effect of concentration of previous FDI stocks on the location of inward FDI. Moreover, regional investment preferential policies in Egypt—with the exception of Free Zones—do not affect the unequal spatial FDI distribution. Finally, we find that the location of Arab FDI inflows to Egypt is not sensitive to the usual determinants. Arab investors are more willing to invest in less investment-agglomerated areas and are less affected by economic considerations and incentives. |
| Keywords: | Foreign direct investment, FDI location, agglomeration, cultural similarity, regional FDI, Arab countries |
| JEL: | F21 E22 R12 O53 Z10 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201513&r=int |
| By: | LaBorde, David |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229250&r=int |
| By: | Kim, GwanSeon; Tyler, Mark |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229243&r=int |
| By: | Wannaphong Durongkaveroj (Faculty of Economics, Ramkhamhaeng University); Luca Parisotto (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)) |
| Abstract: | The advantages of using CGE models for trade policy analysis are clear, and although there are some significant challenges to their use, a careful application of such models can provide an invaluable asset to policymakers and researchers alike. It must however be remembered that CGE models remain illustrative simplifications of what a real economy looks like; hence the results must be understood as such. Nevertheless, if integrated into a thoughtful and encompassing analytical approach, and reinforced with the use of other tools such as indices and empirical analyses, CGE models are powerful tools that can significantly strengthen Thailand’s trade policy during this critical juncture along its development path. |
| Keywords: | CGE, regionalism, trade policy, thailand, policy making |
| JEL: | F1 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:arpobr:apb48&r=int |
| By: | Matthews, Alan; Salvatici, Luce; Scoppola, Margherita |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229230&r=int |
| By: | Brink, Lars |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229234&r=int |
| By: | Barichello, Richard |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats15:229241&r=int |