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on International Trade |
| By: | Robert C. Feenstra; Shang-Jin Wei |
| Abstract: | Over the last three decades, the value of Chinese trade has approximately doubled every four years. This rapid growth has transformed the country from a negligible player in world trade to the world's second largest exporter, as well as a substantial importer of raw materials, intermediate inputs, and other goods. This paper provides an overview of the microstructure of Chinese trade, its macroeconomic implications, trade disputes with other WTO member countries, and the role of foreign firms. |
| JEL: | F1 |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:14716&r=int |
| By: | Arjan Lejour; Nico van Leeuwen; Arie ten Cate |
| Abstract: | This paper has two aims. First, it describes CPB’s contribution on bilateral services trade data to version 7 of the GTAP database. Among others, it uses reliability indices to determine the quality of the data reported by exporting and importing countries. Second, this paper discusses briefly some alternative methods to make a choice between two available reporting data for the same bilateral flow. |
| Keywords: | trade in services; reconciling bilateral trade data |
| JEL: | F10 F17 |
| Date: | 2008–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpb:memodm:212&r=int |
| By: | Pamina Koenig; Florian Mayneris; Sandra Poncet |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the presence of local export spillovers on both the extensive (the decision to start exporting) and the intensive (the export volume) margins of trade, using data on French individual export flows, at the product-level and by destination country, between 1998 and 2003. We investigate whether the individual decision to start exporting and exported volume are influenced by the presence of nearby product and/or destination specific exporters, using a gravity-type equation estimated at the firm-level. Spillovers are considered at a fine geographical level corresponding to employment areas (348 in France). We control for the new economic geography-type selection of firms into agglomerated areas, and for the local price effects of firms agglomeration. Results show evidence of the presence of export spillovers on the export decision but not on the exported volume. We interpret this as a first evidence of export spillovers acting through the fixed rather than the variable cost. Spillovers on the decision to start exporting are stronger when specific, by product and destination, and are not significant when considered on all products or on all products-all destinations. Moreover, export spillovers exhibit a spatial decay within France: the effect of other exporting firms on the export decision is stronger within employment areas and declines with distance. |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pse:psecon:2009-03&r=int |
| By: | Anthony Briant; Pierre-Philippe Combes; Miren Lafourcade |
| Abstract: | The paper assesses the trade-creating impact of foreign-born residents on the international imports and exports of the French regions where they are settled. The pro-trade effect of immigrants is investigated along two intertwined dimensions: the complexity of traded goods and the quality of institutions in partner countries. The trade-enhancing impact of immigrants is, on average, more salient when they come from a country with weak institutions. However, this positive impact is especially large on the imports of simple products. When we turn to complex goods, for which the information channel conveyed by immigrants is the most valuable, immigration enhances imports regardless of the quality of institutions in the partner country. Regarding exports, immigrants substitute for weak institutions on both simple and complex goods. |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pse:psecon:2009-06&r=int |
| By: | Skriner, Edith (Department of Economics and Finance, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria) |
| Abstract: | This constant-market-shares (CMS) analysis shows the development of competitiveness, market and product structure of the Austrian merchandise exports from 1990 to 2006. The traditional CMS application was transformed to a dynamic model, such that the static indicators have been replaced by time series. This dynamic consideration of the CMS analysis helps to track all changes in the trade structure and competitiveness over time. The long-term trend of the indicators suggests that the Austrian foreign trade sector was able to maintain its market share in the global environment. While the Austrian foreign trade performance only slightly deviates from the pattern of the traditional industrialised countries, a strong structural change is observable in the external sector of the emerging markets. The disadvantages in competitiveness of the Austrian foreign sector have vanished, however, the market and product structure effects show negative trends after 2000, pointing to vulnerability in the Austrian export sector. |
| Keywords: | International economics, Trade, Countries and industry studies of trade, Index numbers and aggregation, Time series models |
| JEL: | F1 F14 C43 C22 |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ihs:ihsesp:235&r=int |
| By: | Michele Imbruno |
| Abstract: | The ongoing process of international economic integration has induced several academic researchers and policy makers to deepen increasingly issues about the relationship between international trade and economic growth. More in particular, the attention is increasingly focusing on the link between exporting and firm performance, acknowledging the extreme relevance of 'firm heterogeneity'. This paper investigates empirically the exporting-productivity linkage in the Italian manufacturing sector, following a brief overview of recent literature. By using firm-level panel data for the years 2000 and 2003, we find that exporters are more productive than non-exporters and this productivity gap could be due to the self-selection mechanism – solely the high-performance firms are able to serve foreign markets – rather than post-entry effects. |
| Keywords: | Trade, Productivity, Heterogeneous firms, Self-selection, Learning-byexporting. |
| JEL: | D21 F14 |
| Date: | 2008–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ufg:qdsems:21-2008&r=int |
| By: | Kristine Vitola; Gundars Davidsons |
| Abstract: | The research paper deals with an export structural transformation model providing for a transition from the production and exports of goods with low value added to the production and exports of goods with high value added. It is essential for the improvement of a nation's welfare, as observations show that in a longer perspective the level of economic development is related to the degree of export sophistication. The speed of structural transformation depends on the distance in the product space between the potential export goods and the existing export goods with revealed comparative advantage. Estimations within the research suggest that the relative distance of Latvian export goods to goods with comparative advantage is rather small. Potential of almost all groups of currently produced goods to act as drivers of development has already been exhausted to a large extent. In order to enhance sophistication of Latvia's export structure, the production of goods with their implicit income level exceeding the current average weighted value of the export basket should be augmented. Potential goods for exports include pharmaceutical products, medical, precision and optical instruments as well as chemicals and chemical products. However, it is rather unlikely that comparative advantage in these products can be developed without extra supportive measures taken by the Government. |
| Keywords: | structural transformation, comparative advantage, export sophistication |
| JEL: | F14 F19 O33 O40 |
| Date: | 2008–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ltv:wpaper:200804&r=int |
| By: | Nuno Leitão; Horácio Faustino; Yushi Yoshida |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the determinants of vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) in the automobile components industry between Portugal and the European Union 27 (EU-27) and the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) during the period 1995-2006. Using a static and a dynamic panel data analysis, the results indicate that VIIT is a positive function of the difference in per-capita GDP between Portugal and its trading partners. Moreover, there is statistical evidence that geographical distance and proximity shared border influence this type of VIIT. Our results also confirm the hypothesis that trade increases if the transportation costs decrease and that there is a positive correlation between differences in endowments and VIIT. |
| Keywords: | VIIT; intermediate goods; automobile manufacturing industry; panel data; fragmentation; globalization. |
| JEL: | F14 |
| Date: | 2009–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:isegwp:wp62009&r=int |
| By: | Aoife Hanley |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between exports and overseas links using data from the UK Community Innovation Survey. Overseas vertical and horizontal links are associated with an average increase in export intensity of 74 and 156 percent for vertical and horizontal overseas links respectively. Firm size shows no significant interactions with overseas links. The data suggests that overseas links are a relatively infrequent form of conducting trade. My findings support the role of Government in fostering overseas links despite their rarity, since they are effective export conduits |
| Keywords: | exports, networks, outsourcing, vertical integration |
| JEL: | F L |
| Date: | 2009–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kie:kieliw:1483&r=int |
| By: | Hernando Zuleta; Oscar Avila; Mauricio Rodriguez |
| Abstract: | We present an Overlapping Generations Model with two final goods: tradable goods are produced with a standard Cobb-Douglas production function and non-tradable goods are produced with linear production function where the only factor is labor. We maintain the fundamental assumption of factor mobility between sectors so model is consistent with the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis. Given the general equilibrium structure of our model we can examine the effect of the saving rate on migration and non-tradable relative prices. Under this setting, we find that the elderly have incentives to migrate from economies where productivity is high to economies with low productivity because of the lower cost of living. In more general terms the elderly migration is likely to go from rich to poor countries. We also find that, for poor countries, the elderly migration has a positive effect in wages and capital accumulation. |
| Date: | 2009–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000092:005267&r=int |