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on Innovation |
| By: | CONFRARIA Hugo (European Commission - JRC); GRASSANO Nicola; MONCADA PATERNO' CASTELLO Pietro (European Commission - JRC); NINDL Elisabeth (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Understanding the flow of knowledge between scientific research and policymaking is increasingly important. This study examines the influence of the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, which has been active at the science-policy interface since 2004. We analyse citation trends in scientific publications and policy documents to assess the Scoreboard’s usage, impact, and reach. Our findings indicate that the Scoreboard is cited more frequently in policy documents, though academic interest is growing. Policy documents cite the Scoreboard more quickly, reflecting its immediate relevance for policy actors, while scientific publications take longer to cite it and utilise its data. Papers citing the Scoreboard tend to have a higher citation impact than average, underscoring its significance in a broad set of research fields. In our citation content analysis, we find that "insight" citations are more common than "data" citations. However, papers combining patent data and Scoreboard tend to receive more citations, highlighting the value of integrating R&D data with other relevant variables to better understand the innovation process. Additionally, we show that the Scoreboard has influenced EU policy discourse to address the need for structural changes towards high R&D intensity sectors, and showing EU’s strengths in green innovation. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:202403 |
| By: | Langinier, Corinne (University of Alberta, Department of Economics); Ray Chaudhuri, Amrita (University of Winnipeg) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the impact of patent policies and emission taxes on green innovation. We allow for strategic interactions of firms in a duopolistic market in the presence of green conscious consumers. We identify a paradoxical effect of increasing emission taxes beyond a certain threshold which results in an increase in emissions. Decreasing patenting costs mitigates this paradox, while the impact of tightening patentability requirements is more complex. Moreover, we show that the greater the proportion of green-conscious consumers, the less likely firms are to license a green patent, which results in higher emissions levels. With green consumers, the lowest emissions occur for an intermediate range of taxes for which licensing does occur. Finally, we find that while tax increases lead to a switch from overinvestment to underinvestment in the absence of green conscious consumers, they have the reverse effect in their presence. |
| Keywords: | Patent; Green Innovation; Pollution |
| JEL: | L13 O34 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2024_007 |
| By: | Langinier, Corinne (University of Alberta, Department of Economics); Martinez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada (University of Goettingen); Ray Chaudhuri, Amrita (University of Winnipeg) |
| Abstract: | Our theoretical model predicts that green innovation is an inverted U-shaped function of emission tax under free trade, while it is upward sloping under autarky. Our empirical analysis supports this finding by using the Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS) as a proxy for environmental regulations. Our theory also determines the conditions under which international technology transfers increase green innovation. The empirical results indicate that technology transfers increase green innovation at any given level of EPS, although the inverted U-shape persists. We observe that OECD and non-OECD countries lie on either side of the turning point. Implementing stricter environmental regulations in non-OECD countries increases green innovation, while the reverse is likely to hold for most OECD countries. Our findings also show that market-based regulations are more effective in non-OECD countries for fostering green innovation, while non-market-based regulations are more effective in OECD countries. |
| Keywords: | Green Innovation; Environmental Policy; International Trade; Technology Transfer |
| JEL: | O34 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2024_008 |
| By: | Langinier, Corinne (University of Alberta, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Even after final rejection, patent applications are never completely rejected. In the U.S., a patent applicant can reapply after a final rejection by submitting amended applications called continuations. While patent applicants benefit from this procedure (a final rejection is never final), examiners are worse off when examining continuations than when reviewing new applications. We theoretically investigate the impact of continuation on the patenting process. We find that the continuation process introduces a trade-off for examiners: a reduction in the initial applications' examination intensity can compensate for the loss incurred due to continuation in the case of rejection. Thus, examiners reduce their examination efforts when uncertainty about the innovation's patentability is the highest. When innovations are more likely to be patentable, examiners tend to grant patents after little scrutiny, reducing the chance of encountering continuations later on. Abolishing continuing applications could restore examiners' incentives to perform thorough evaluations of patent applications. |
| Keywords: | Patents; Examiners; Continuation |
| JEL: | D23 D86 O34 |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:2024_006 |
| By: | Aghion, Philippe; Bergeaud, Antonin; Lequien, Matthieu; Melitz, Marc J.; Zuber, Thomas |
| Abstract: | We decompose the “China shock” into two components that induce different adjustments for firms exposed to Chinese exports: an output shock affecting firms selling goods that compete with similar imported Chinese goods, and an input supply shock affecting firms using inputs similar to the imported Chinese goods. Combining French accounting, customs, and patent information at the firm level, we show that the output shock is detrimental to firms’ sales, employment, and innovation. Moreover, this negative impact is concentrated in low-productivity firms. On the other hand, the impact of the input supply shock is reversed. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 J1 |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123934 |
| By: | Chenyue Bai (Dept. of Geography, Kiel University, Germany); Han Chu (Dept. of Geography, Kiel University, Germany); Robert Hassink (Dept. of Geography, Kiel University, Germany) |
| Abstract: | The regional innovation systems (RIS) concept is mature and widely used in economic geography. However, in the face of grand societal challenges and global economic uncertainty, the traditional RIS concept has been questioned and requires further consideration and discussion, to which we want to contribute in this paper. Thus, this study explores the evolution of RIS research by analyzing RIS articles published from 1992 to April 2024 using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. It identifies three phases of RIS development and summarize five classic and three upcoming topics of RIS. These topics underscore the dynamic nature of RIS research and its continued relevance in addressing contemporary challenges and opportunities in regional development. Finally, this paper points out directions for future research. |
| Keywords: | Regional Innovation Systems, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Innovation Policy, Regional Transformation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoe:wpaper:2404 |
| By: | Philippe Larrue; Piret Tõnurist; David Jonason |
| Abstract: | Missions are nested entities involving multiple interventions at different levels and unclear and evolving boundaries, making traditional evaluation approaches ill-suited to capturing their additionality. This paper proposes mission-evaluation processes and tools that are consistent with their specific features. It notably proposes mission criteria related to their different expected systemic effects; a mission theory of action to support a developmental evaluation that tracks the evolution of the mission design and processes; and a monitoring tool to assess and compare mission-readiness levels across missions and at different stages of the mission life cycle. |
| Keywords: | directionality, Government funding, mission-evaluation process, Policy making, Research and Development (R&D) |
| JEL: | H43 O22 O32 D78 |
| Date: | 2024–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2024/09-en |
| By: | Mirko Draca; Max Nathan; Viet Nguyen-Tien; Juliana Oliveira-Cunha; Anna Rosso; Anna Valero |
| Abstract: | Which types of human capital influence the adoption of advanced technologies? We study the skill biased adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) across two waves in the UK. Specifically, we compare the 'new wave' of cloud and machine learning / AI technologies during the 2010s - pre-LLM - with the previous wave of personal computer adoption in the 1990s and early 2000s. At the area-level we see the emergence of a distinct STEM-biased adoption effect for the second wave of cloud and machine learning / AI technologies (ML/AI), alongside a general skill-biased effect. A one-standard deviation increase in the baseline share of STEM workers in areas is associated with around 0.3 of a standard deviation higher adoption of cloud and ML/AI. We find similar effects at the firm level where we are able to test for the influence of a wide range of skills. In turn, this STEM-biased adoption pattern has encouraged the concentration of these technologies, leading to more acute differences between high-tech and low-tech areas and firms. In contrast with classical technology diffusion, recent cloud and ML/AI adoption in the UK seems more likely to widen inequalities than reduce them. |
| Keywords: | Technology Diffusion, ICT, Human Capital, STEM, Technological change, AI |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2040 |
| By: | Reimer, Julia |
| JEL: | L42 D42 D43 D82 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc24:302444 |
| By: | Jacques Mairesse; Michele Pezzoni; Frederique Sachwald |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it investigates how the characteristics of a research team relate to the probability of generating a novel article. Second, once a novel article has been generated, it investigates the moderating effects of the team's characteristics on the impact of the article. We consider 42, 493 teams of researchers publishing a corresponding number of articles in 273 reputed journals in physics from 2005 to 2009. We find that team experience and team specialization are negatively associated with the probability of generating a novel article. On the contrary, having already written novel articles in the past is positively associated with the probability of generating a novel article. When analyzing the impact of novel articles, we find that a novel article published by an experienced team receives fewer citations than a novel article published by a team with less experience and is published in a lower impact factor journal. We also find that a novel article published by a large established team of researchers receives more citations than a novel article published by a small newly formed team. The team size is also positively related to the impact factor of the journal in which the novel article is published. |
| JEL: | I23 O31 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33064 |