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on Innovation |
| By: | Damioli, Giacomo (ISER, University of Essex); Van Roy, Vincent (European Commission, Joint Research Centre); Vertesy, Daniel (European Commission, Joint Research Centre); Vivarelli, Marco (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative innovation with the potential to drive significant economic growth and productivity gains. This study examines whether AI is initiating a technological revolution, signifying a new technological paradigm, using the perspective of evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian economics. Using a global dataset combining information on AI patenting activities and their applicants between 2000 and 2016, our analysis reveals that AI patenting has accelerated and substantially evolved in terms of its pervasiveness, with AI innovators shifting from the ICT core industries to non-ICT service industries over the investigated period. Moreover, there has been a decrease in concentration of innovation activities and a reshuffling in the innovative hierarchies, with innovative entries and young and smaller applicants driving this change. Finally, we find that AI technologies play a role in generating and accelerating further innovations (so revealing to be "enabling technologies", a distinctive feature of GPTs). All these features have characterised the emergence of major technological paradigms in the past and suggest that AI technologies may indeed generate a paradigmatic shift. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, technological paradigm, structural change, patents |
| JEL: | O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17183 |
| By: | Krieger, Bastian; Trottner, Fabian |
| Abstract: | We study the implications of services trade for firm innovation. Using a quasi-experimental shift-share design, we find that access to foreign knowledge-related services improves the innovativeness of domestic firms and complements their indigenously sourced R&D. To confront this evidence, we develop a theoretical model. It demonstrates outsourcing can foster firms' innovation efficiency by mitigating decreasing economies of scale in in-house innovation efforts. As a result, firms become more likely to outsource innovation efforts as they become more innovative, whereas the prevalence of offshoring depends on its associated trade costs. |
| Keywords: | International integration, Service trade, Firm innovation |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F23 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:301867 |
| By: | Lee, Neil |
| Abstract: | ‘Inclusive innovation’ has become an increasingly important subnational policy agenda. This paper reviews this agenda, critiques its current usage and presents a new framework for how the concept can be applied by city government. Efforts to shape the direction, improve participation in and share the benefits of innovation should be an important part of place-based innovation policy. Yet, inclusive innovation strategies face three related problems: neophilia, a tendency for technological fixes and the lack of local powers. The paper concludes with a framework for how the concept could be used by policymakers to link innovation with better distributional outcomes. |
| Keywords: | inclusive innovation; urban policy; inclusive growth; innovation behaviour; innovation |
| JEL: | R58 D63 O30 |
| Date: | 2023–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117818 |
| By: | Schilirò, Daniele |
| Abstract: | This contribution delves into the analysis of beyond-Earth innovations and their profound impact on human life and Earth's progress. The paper first examines the literature on innovation, highlighting that innovation, which represents the primary source of progress, is complex, uncertain, and somewhat disorderly, requiring various types of knowledge, capabilities, skills, and resources. The development of innovations also necessitates collaboration among various actors and diverse ways of thinking. It is often the result of the cross-pollination of ideas that break down barriers between functions, industries, sectors, nations, and geographic distances. Furthermore, the paper underscores that ecosystems play a central role in innovation, as exemplified by the Mearth Ecosystem. Mearth consists of a geographic space representing the interconnectedness of Earth and its satellite, the Moon. Additionally, the strategic importance of the innovative activities being developed and to be developed beyond Earth, particularly within Mearth, is explained and emphasized. Finally, the important new role of private organizations and startups is highlighted in the exploration and commercialization of activities beyond Earth and their strategic contributions to innovations. |
| Keywords: | Innovations; Beyond-Earth, Mearth; Ecosystem; Beyond-Earth Commercialization; Earth’s Progress. |
| JEL: | L26 M13 O30 O31 Z0 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121831 |
| By: | Su Jung Jee; Kerstin H\"otte; Caoimhe Ring; Robert Burrell |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the controversial role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in climate technology transfer and innovation in developing countries. Using a systematic literature review and expert interviews, we assess the role of IPRs on three sources of climate technology: (1) international technology transfer, (2) adaptive innovation, and (3) indigenous innovation. Our contributions are threefold. First, patents have limited impact in any of these channels, suggesting that current debates over IPRs may be directed towards the wrong targets. Second, trademarks and utility models provide incentives for climate innovation in the countries studied. Third, drawing from the results, we develop a framework to guide policy on how IPRs can work better in the broader context of climate and trade policies, outlining distinct mechanisms to support mitigation and adaptation. Our results indicate that market mechanisms, especially trade and demand-pull policies, should be prioritised for mitigation solutions. Adaptation differs, relying more on indigenous innovation due to local needs and low demand. Institutional mechanisms, such as finance and co-development, should be prioritised to build innovation capacities for adaptation. |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2408.12338 |
| By: | Laurent Scaringella (RTO - Rethinking Tomorrow’s Organisation - Rennes School of Business - ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the mechanisms of intellectual capital (IC) in knowledge‐intensive research centres and universities in the Minalogic cluster of Grenoble, France. We use structural equation modelling to analyse responses from 248 PhD holders. Our results show a positive relationship among human, relational, structural, and intellectual capital outcomes. We first contribute to the early understanding of IC mechanisms in research centres and universities by conducting a quantitative empirical study, which is novel to IC. We support the relation between knowledge‐based human capital and relational alliances capital and highlight the importance of employing PhD. holders. Second, unlike past studies, we offer empirical support that (a) relational alliances capital relates to structural innovation capital and (b) knowledge‐based human capital relates to structural innovation capital. We suggest that research centres and universities should develop an alliance portfolio for innovations. Third, we uncover that structural innovation capital relates to IC outcomes, contributing to the assessment of the economic and social role of public research centres and universities. This study presents managerial implications for policymakers and practitioners engaged in research centres and universities by highlighting the importance of key components of IC. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual Capital |
| Date: | 2022–11–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04678949 |
| By: | Hellmann, Thomas (Sa¨ıd Business School, Oxford University and NBER); Montag, Alexander (Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, and); Tåg, Joacim (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | Startups face a trade-off between short-term profitability versus long-term growth where investors tolerate prolonged financial losses. We present a new theory and empirical evidence about the existence and shape of so-called J-curves. The theory predicts that investors facing better exit opportunities have a higher loss tolerance, encouraging startups to pursue more ambitious growth strategies. Empirically, we examine a large Swedish dataset with detailed cash flow information. Swedish startups backed by US venture capitalists experience deeper J-curves than those backed by non-US venture capitalists. They have more successful exits, higher exit values, faster sales growth, and more follow-on funding. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital; Loss tolerance; J-curves; Entrepreneurship; Exits |
| JEL: | F39 G24 L26 O16 |
| Date: | 2024–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1500 |