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on Innovation |
| By: | MORALES Diana |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation . The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report provides the findings for the region of Norte, Portugal, as at November 2023, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137321&r= |
| By: | MURZYN Dorota |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies for Mazovia region and the municipality of Stare Babice, in Poland, as at October 2023, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137323&r= |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. In addition to summarizing the main findings under each of the seven features, the conclusion also suggests possible ways forward which could help the region move towards more of a Transformative Innovation approach to CCA. This Report provides the findings for Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region in France, as at January 2024 and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137314&r= |
| By: | MURZYN Dorota |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation1 . The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report provides the findings for the region of Emilia Romagna, Italy, as at November 2023, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137319&r= |
| By: | Lars Van Cutsem; Marleen Willekens; Koenraad Debackere |
| Abstract: | In this study, we leverage the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation methodology to reexamine how innovation links to economic value estimates of firms, and how size moderates this relationship. As DCF valuation can be applied to a complete spectrum of firm sizes, ranging from small privately-held to large publicly-listed firms, our study provides more exhaustive evidence on the link between innovation and economic firm value across for all types of firms. This contrasts prior studies that typically draw inferences based on market valuations of publicly listed firms. We show that innovation is positively and statistically significantly related to the economic value in both large and small firms, and that firm size negatively moderates this link. Notably, innovation is more substantially linked to the economic value estimates of small firms than larger ones. These findings are robust to various controls, alternative operationalisations, including survey-reported innovation in the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), and a battery of robustness tests for the DCF valuation approach. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:msiper:742970&r= |
| By: | Richard G. Lipsey (Simon Fraser University (Professor Emeritus)) |
| Abstract: | This paper distinguishes four types of public policies that seek to encourage growth-inducing technological advance: technology, R&D, industrial, and science policies. The first three are typically treated under the single heading ‘industrial policy’, which is a source of confusion since each is administered by different agents and often with different objectives. Evidence of successes and failures of any one of the policies defined here is often incorrectly taken to apply to the other policies. Evidence for the symbiotic relation between the public and the private sectors is outlined, although typically ignored by in formal growth theories. The massive influence of science policy on economic growth, also typically ignored by in growth theories, is a largely unintended byproduct of scientific advance. A policy implication of the approach in this paper is to stress science, technology, and R&D policies, putting much less stress on industrial policy as defined here. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sfu:sfudps:dp24-01&r= |
| By: | Samuel Muehlemann; Gerard Pfann; Harald Pfeifer |
| Abstract: | For centuries, the flexibility to hire and train apprentices has been an important source of successful implementation of innovations in production technologies. This paper shows that the input flexibility of apprenticeships in German firms is associated with product innovation. Even though R&D firms face higher costs to set up training facilities and are therefore less likely to start up apprenticeship training than non-R&D firms, conditional on having invested set up costs, R&D firms train more than non-R&D firms. R&D firms that train apprentices are more responsive to cyclical fluctuations. Against the trend of a 0.5 percentage points annual decline of new products introduced in the market, firms that train and expand their training activities through time are primarily responsible for an increase in product innovation. R&D firms also renew products 2.7 times more than non-R&D firms. All this emphasizes the prime role of firms that train apprentices in reinvigorating the economy. |
| Keywords: | Apprenticeship market, business climate, R&D, apprenticeship demand |
| JEL: | J23 J24 M53 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iso:educat:0223&r= |
| By: | Likun Cao; Ziwen Chen; James Evans |
| Abstract: | Modularity is critical for the emergence and evolution of complex social, natural, and technological systems robust to exploratory failure. We consider this in the context of emerging business organizations, which can be understood as complex systems. We build a theory of organizational emergence as higher-order, modular recombination wherein successful start-ups assemble novel combinations of successful modular components, rather than engage in the lower-order combination of disparate, singular components. Lower-order combinations are critical for long-term socio-economic transformation, but manifest diffuse benefits requiring support as public goods. Higher-order combinations facilitate rapid experimentation and attract private funding. We evaluate this with U.S. venture-funded start-ups over 45 years using company descriptions. We build a dynamic semantic space with word embedding models constructed from evolving business discourse, which allow us to measure the modularity of and distance between new venture components. Using event history models, we demonstrate how ventures more likely achieve successful IPOs and high-priced acquisitions when they combine diverse modules of clustered components. We demonstrate how higher-order combination enables venture success by accelerating firm development and diversifying investment, and we reflect on its implications for social innovation. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.15042&r= |
| By: | Vega-Redondo, Fernando; Pin, Paolo; Ubfal, Diego; Benedetti, Priscilla; Domínguez, Magdalena; Rubera, Gaia; Hovy, Dirk; Fornaciari, Tommaso |
| Abstract: | Can peer interaction foster entrepreneurship in large-scale environments? This paper addresses the question empirically and theoretically. Empirically, we tested the effects of peer interaction on the number and quality of business plans submitted in a Pan-African RCT including 5, 000 entrepreneurs. Thetreatment provided the possibility of interaction in different interaction settings (face-to-face or virtual, peers being of the same or diverse nationalities). We find that, while estimated network effects are almost always strong, the treatment effect is not so and displays a non-monotone trade-off between diversity and interaction "bandwidth." We develop a model that sheds light on this behavior by differentiating between constructive and disruptive interaction. It is also qualitatively supported by our experimental evidence |
| Keywords: | Social Networks; Peer Effects; Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Semantic analysis |
| Date: | 2024–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:43954&r= |
| By: | Michela Chessa (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Benjamin Prissé (Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapour) |
| Abstract: | Creativity is the basis of any innovation. However, there is a long and well documented academic dispute about how to best assess creativity. The Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) is the most widely used instrument for this task. The CAT is based on a consensual definition of creativity: a product is creative to the extent that expert raters independently agree upon this judgment. It operates on the principle that no external factors should impact the assessment. In this paper, we ask whether this holds true, and we scrutinize the CAT by experimentally investigating potential discrepancies in evaluations of drawings due to three external factors: order effects, social norms, and communication. Our results confirm the robustness of the CAT in serving as a valuable method for assessing creativity at the aggregate level. However, we also identify certain weaknesses atthe individual level, particularly regarding the evaluation of drawings in first positions and when subjects are allowed to communicate. |
| Keywords: | Creativity, Innovation, Consensual Assessment Technique, Experiments |
| JEL: | C91 I25 O31 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2024-16&r= |