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on Innovation |
| By: | Addis Gedefaw Birhanu (EM - emlyon business school); Alfonso Gambardella (Bocconi University [Milan, Italy]) |
| Abstract: | Research Summary This article examines the relationship between family ownership and patent use strategy using primary data from a patent survey, as well as patent and firm-level data from secondary sources. The findings reveal that family firms are less likely than non-family firms to license their patents and more likely to internally commercialize them. We show that the decision of family firms to license less does not depend on lower patent quality or inefficient patent use. Instead, it arises from their preference for patent uses that allow them to exert greater control over the value they can derive from their innovations. We also show that family firms commercialize more patents because they leverage their managerial discretion to explore and seize emerging internal patent commercialization opportunities. Managerial Summary Whether the desire of families in family firms to maintain control over the company and strategic resources negatively impacts their economic performance has important governance implications. Within the context of patent commercialization, in line with this desire for control, our study highlights the preference of family firms to prioritize internal commercialization over licensing. To offset their underlicensing tendency, family firms internally commercialize more patents by being nimble to identify and capitalize on emerging commercialization opportunities. This enables them to align their control ambitions with patent commercialization efficiency, akin to nonfamily firms. |
| Keywords: | family firms, family ownership, innovation, patent commercialization, patent licensing |
| Date: | 2023–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04343877&r=ino |
| By: | Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Köppl, Stefan; Christopulos, Dimitris |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyze how different types of venture capital investments - private, public and indirect public - affect performance of "cleantech" start-ups in Europe. We hand collected a unique dataset on the institutional setting (public/indirect/private) of almost 15000 investors in Europe, which we combine with portfolio-company and deals data from Preqin to assess performance. Two results stand out: First, public venture capital does not underperform private venture capital in a broad crosscountry sample of European deals. This is a novel finding, as it doesn't confirm some previous findings in the literature that government-backed VCs underperform their private counterparts. We also find that there is no significant difference between direct and indirect government support of venture capital for cleantech investments. Second, GVCs perform well when they specialize in cleantech investments and are well connected within a network of other investors. |
| Keywords: | venture capital, governmental venture capital, European Investment Fund, public policy, green technology, cleantech |
| JEL: | G24 G28 H81 L26 D73 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ecoarp:280983&r=ino |
| By: | Pierre Pelletier; Kevin Wirtz |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between scientists' cognitive profile and their ability to generate innovative ideas and gain scientific recognition. We propose a novel author-level metric based on the semantic representation of researchers' past publications to measure cognitive diversity both at individual and team levels. Using PubMed Knowledge Graph (PKG), we analyze the impact of cognitive diversity on novelty, as measured by combinatorial novelty indicators and peer labels on Faculty Opinion. We assessed scientific impact through citations and disruption indicators. We show that the presence of exploratory individuals (i.e., cognitively diverse) is beneficial in generating distant knowledge combinations, but only when balanced by a significant proportion of exploitative individuals (i.e., cognitively specialized). Furthermore, teams with a high proportion of exploitative profiles tend to consolidate science, whereas those with a significant share of both profiles tend to disrupt it. Cognitive diversity between team members appears to be always beneficial to combining more distant knowledge. However, to maximize the relevance of these distant combinations of knowledge, maintaining a limited number of exploratory individuals is essential, as exploitative individuals must question and debate their novel perspectives. These specialized individuals are the most qualified to extract the full potential of novel ideas and integrate them within the existing scientific paradigm. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.10476&r=ino |
| By: | Roberto Savona; Cristina Maria Alberini; Lucia Alessi; Iacopo Baussano; Petros Dellaportas; Ranieri Guerra; Sean Khozin; Andrea Modena; Sergio Pecorelli; Guido Rasi; Paolo Daniele Siviero; Roger M. Stein |
| Abstract: | A major gap exists between the conceptual suggestion of how much a nation should invest in sci-ence, innovation, and technology, and the practical implementation of what is done. We identify 4 critical challenges that must be address in order to develop an environment conducive to collabora-tion across organizations and governments, while also preserving commercial rewards for investors and innovators, in order to move towards a new Research Ecosystem. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.07065&r=ino |
| By: | Davide Rizzo (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle); Fatma Fourati-Jamoussi (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle); Lucian Ceapraz (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle); Mariia Ostapchuk (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle); Hanitra Randrianasolo (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle); Anne Combaud (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle); Michel J.-F. Dubois (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle) |
| Abstract: | The paper explores novel connections between human and technology-driven innovation in a French agritech cluster. It focuses on the whole system innovation and addresses specifically the impact of digitalisation related to precision agriculture deployment. The cluster under investigation has been settled by the Beauvaisis municipalities' agglomeration. It comprises interactions between local authorities, firms and knowledge institutions. The analysis covers various perspectives of the stakeholders' interactions and the role of intermediary actors and introduces the concept of the floating prescriber. The early results and the following analyses will contribute to highlighting the way an ecosystem (a cluster) is developed around the issue of digital technologies and sustainable agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Technologie, Innovations soutenables |
| Date: | 2023–05–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04295987&r=ino |
| By: | DE NIGRIS Sarah (European Commission - JRC); KALPAKA Annita (European Commission - JRC); NEPELSKI Daniel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The European Digital Innovation Hubs (EDIHs), established under the Digital Europe Programme, play a pivotal role in bolstering digitalisation across European businesses. There are 227 hubs, of which 151 are funded directly by the Digital Europe Programme. The EDIHs are widely distributed across 85% of European regions, covering almost 90% of the EU's working population. The EDIHs are formed of a diverse array of organisations, including private companies, research organisations, universities, and public sector entities. The services provided by EDIHs to SMEs and public sector organisations encompass a broad spectrum of technologies and sectors showcasing diversity in strategies and designs. The hubs demonstrate strong competencies in key technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, and High-Performance Computing. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc134620&r=ino |
| By: | Engberg, Erik (The Ratio Institute); Görg, Holger (Kiel Institute); Lodefalk, Magnus (The Ratio Institute); Javed, Farrukh (Lund University); Längkvist, Martin (Örebro University); Monteiro, Natália (The Ratio Institute); Kyvik Nordås, Hildegunn; Pulito, Giuseppe (Berlin School of Economics); Schroeder, Sarah (Aarhus University); Tang, Aili (None) |
| Abstract: | We unbox developments in artificial intelligence (AI) to estimate how exposure to these developments affect firm-level labour demand, using detailed register data from Denmark, Portugal and Sweden over two decades. Based on data on AI capabilities and occupational work content, We develop and validate a time-variant measure for occupational exposure to AI across subdomains of AI, including language modelling. According to our model, white collar occupations are most exposed to AI, and espe- cially white collar work that entails relatively little social interaction. We illustrate its usefulness by applying it to near-universal data on firms and individuals from Swe- den, Denmark, and Portugal, and estimating firm labour demand regressions. We find a positive (negative) association between AI exposure and labour demand for high- skilled white (blue) collar work. Overall, there is an up-skilling effect, with the share of white-collar to blue collar workers increasing with AI exposure. Exposure to AI within the subdomains of image and language are positively (negatively) linked to demand for high-skilled white collar (blue collar) work, whereas other AI-areas are heterogeneously linked to groups of workers. |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence; Labour demand; Multi-country firm-level evidence |
| JEL: | E24 J23 J24 N34 O33 |
| Date: | 2023–12–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0370&r=ino |
| By: | Engberg, Erik (The Ratio Institute); Koch, Michael (-); Lodefalk, Magnus (The Ratio Institute); Schroeder, Sarah (Aarhus University) |
| Abstract: | This paper documents novel facts on within-occupation task and skill changes over the past two decades in Germany. In a second step, it reveals a distinct relationship between occupational work content and exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and au- tomation (robots). Workers in occupations with high AI exposure, perform different activities and face different skill requirements, compared to workers in occupations ex- posed to robots. In a third step, the study uses individual labour market biographies to investigate the impact on wages between 2010 and 2017. Results indicate a wage growth premium in occupations more exposed to AI, contrasting with a wage growth discount in occupations exposed to robots. Finally, the study further explores the dynamic in- fluence of AI exposure on individual wages over time, uncovering positive associations with wages, with nuanced variations across occupational groups. |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence technologies; Task content; Skills; Wages |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J44 N34 O33 |
| Date: | 2023–12–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0371&r=ino |
| By: | NINDL Elisabeth (European Commission - JRC); CONFRARIA Hugo (European Commission - JRC); RENTOCCHINI Francesco (European Commission - JRC); NAPOLITANO Lorenzo (European Commission - JRC); GEORGAKAKI Aliki (European Commission - JRC); INCE Ela (European Commission - JRC); FAKO Peter (European Commission - JRC); TUEBKE Alexander (European Commission - JRC); GAVIGAN James (European Commission - JRC); HERNANDEZ GUEVARA Hector (European Commission - JRC); PINERO MIRA Pablo (European Commission - JRC); RUEDA CANTUCHE Jose (European Commission - JRC); BANACLOCHE SANCHEZ Santacruz (European Commission - JRC); DE PRATO Giuditta (European Commission - JRC); CALZA Elisa (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This is the 20th edition of ‘The EU Industrial Research & Development (R&D) Investment Scoreboard’. The European Commission issued the first edition of the Scoreboard in 2004 to monitor and analyse industrial R&D investment trends in the context of the EU’s 3% of GDP R&D investment policy target, which remains a key performance indicator of the EU’s long-term competitiveness. This report is structured in two parts. Part I provides an overview of the world's top 2 500 R&D investors, responsible for over three quarters of R&D performed by the business sector globally, based on the financial information in the firms’ latest published audited accounts. It analyses the main trends and benchmarks the EU’s top R&D investing companies against global competitors, and gives details on the EU’s top 1 000 R&D investing firms. For the first time, a panel of Scoreboard firms allows insights into structural R&D trends over the past 10 and 20 years. This sheds light on the strategic role played by R&D through the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Part II combines the Scoreboard data with other datasets to gain novel insights into the technological advancement of the companies. For example, as Scoreboard firms own two-thirds of the patents filed in the five largest patent offices. Characterising the patent portfolios of Scoreboard firms in automotive, advanced materials and artificial intelligence provides additional insights into the technological positioning of EU firms. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc135576&r=ino |