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on Innovation |
| By: | Ralf Martin; Dennis Verhoeven |
| Abstract: | The UK government has committed to increase R&D support for clean technologies in an effort to meet its net-zero target by 2050. The opportunity cost of such programs crucially depends on the value of knowledge spillovers that accrue from clean relative to other (emerging) technologies. Using patent information to measure the value of direct and indirect knowledge spillovers, we derive estimates for the expected economic returns of subsidising a particular technology field. Our method allows comparing fields by the returns a hypothetical additional subsidy would have generated within the UK or globally. Clean technologies are top-ranked in terms of within-UK returns, with Tidal and Offshore Wind showing particularly high returns. In terms of global returns, emerging technologies such as Wireless, as well as Electrical Engineering outperform Clean by a small margin. We also find that cross-border knowledge spillovers are important for all technology fields, with global return rates over ten times larger than within-UK ones. In sum, our results suggest that the opportunity cost of R&D support programs for clean innovation in the UK is low at worst. |
| Keywords: | innovation, knowledge spillovers, clean technology, innovation policy, patent data |
| Date: | 2022–03–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1834&r= |
| By: | Antonin Bergeaud; Cyril Verluise |
| Abstract: | We use patent data to study the contribution of the US, Europe, China and Japan to frontier technology using automated patent landscaping. We find that China's contribution to frontier technology has become quantitatively similar to the US in the late 2010s while overcoming the European and Japanese contributions respectively. Although China still exhibits the stigmas of a catching up economy, these stigmas are on the downside. The quality of frontier technology patents published at the Chinese Patent Office has leveled up to the quality of patents published at the European and Japanese patent offices. At the same time, frontier technology patenting at the Chinese Patent Office seems to have been increasingly supported by domestic patentees, suggesting the build up of domestic capabilities. |
| Keywords: | frontier technologies, China, patent landscaping, machine learning, patents |
| Date: | 2022–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1876&r= |
| By: | Perilla Jiménez, Juan R.; Ziesemer, Thomas (Macro, International & Labour Economics, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn, RS: GSBE MORSE) |
| Abstract: | A model is proposed where economic growth is driven by innovation along the diffusion and adoption of technology from the frontier. Business innovation investments are related to households savings, which generates equilibria with low levels of, and equilibria with high levels of, innovation. Low-level equilibria are unstable. Starting from a position with low levels of investment and innovation, increasing investments are associated with high but decreasing dependence on international technology diffusion. A major objective of policy-making is to increase investment sufficiently in the lower end to reach the high level steady state. An economic rationale is provided for the existence of productivity improving equilibria, where distance to frontier countries is reduced owing to a tax and subsidy mechanism designed to boost innovation. |
| JEL: | C62 O33 O38 O40 |
| Date: | 2022–07–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2022024&r= |
| By: | De Nicola,Francesca; Chen,Pinyi |
| Abstract: | The paper studies the relationship between innovation efforts, innovation outputs, andproductivity, using firm-level data from six East Asian countries. Firms are more likely to invest in innovationwhen they use technology licensed by a foreign company, are part of a large group, and have a more educated workforce.Investment in research and development can significantly boost both product and process innovation. Product innovation yields significant productivity gains. However,productivity gains from process innovation are not detectable in the sample. |
| Keywords: | Innovation,Educational Sciences,Labor Markets,Construction Industry,Plastics & Rubber Industry,General Manufacturing,Common Carriers Industry,Pulp & Paper Industry,Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies,Food & Beverage Industry,Textiles, Apparel & Leather Industry,Business Environment |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9921&r= |
| By: | Jeremiah Dittmar; Ralph R. Meisenzahl |
| Abstract: | We examine the role of universities in knowledge production and industrial change using historical evidence. Political shocks led to a profound pro-science shift in German universities around 1800. To study the consequences, we construct novel microdata. We find that invention and manufacturing developed similarly in cities closer to and farther from universities in the 1700s and shifted towards universities and accelerated in the early 1800s. The shift in manufacturing was strongest in new and high knowledge industries. After 1800, the adoption of mechanized technology and the number and share of firms winning international awards for innovation were higher near universities. |
| Keywords: | industrialization, invention, universities, cities |
| Date: | 2022–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1856&r= |
| By: | Attila Lindner; Balazs Murakozy; Balazs Reizer; Ragnhild Schreiner |
| Abstract: | We quantify the contribution of firm-level technological change to skill demand and aggregate inequality in the presence of imperfect competition in the labor market. We show that skill-biased technological change increases both the firm-level skill ratio and the skill premium, while other shocks (e.g. firm-specific output demand shocks) cannot explain the increase in both outcomes. We exploit administrative data and a large survey measuring a broad class of firm-level technological changes from Hungary and Norway. We estimate that the aggregate college premium increases by 6.1% in Norway and by 13.8% in Hungary as a result of the skill bias in technological change. |
| Keywords: | skill-biased technological change, innovation, skill premiums, imperfect competition |
| Date: | 2022–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1857&r= |