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on Innovation |
| By: | Deepak Hegde; Kyle F. Herkenhoff; Chenqi Zhu |
| Abstract: | How does the publication of patents affect innovation? We answer this question by exploiting a large-scale natural experiment—the passage of the American Inventor's Protection Act of 1999 (AIPA)—that accelerated the public disclosure of most U.S. patents by two years. We obtain causal estimates by comparing U.S. patents subject to the law change with “twin” European patents which were not. After AIPA's enactment, U.S. patents receive more and faster follow-on citations, indicating an increase in technology diffusion. Technological overlap increases between distant but related patents and decreases between highly similar patents, and patent applications are less likely to be abandoned post-AIPA, suggesting a reduction in duplicative R&D. Firms exposed to one standard deviation longer patent grant delays increased their R&D investment by 4% after AIPA. These findings are consistent with our theoretical framework in which AIPA provisions news shocks about related technologies to follow-on inventors and thus alters their innovation decisions. |
| JEL: | D23 E02 G24 L26 O34 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29770&r= |
| By: | Philippe Aghion (Collège de France); Roland Bénabou (Princeton University); Ralf Martin (Imperial College London); Alexandra Roulet (INSEAD) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effects of consumers' environmental concerns and market competition on firms' decisions to innovate in "clean" technologies. Agents care about their consumption and environmental footprint; firms pursue greener products to soften price competition. Acting as complements, these forces determine R&D, pollution, and welfare. We test the theory using panel data on patents by 8,562 automobile-sector firms in 41 countries, environmental willingness-to pay, and competition. As predicted, exposure to prosocial attitudes fosters clean innovation, all the more so where competition is strong. Plausible increases in both together can spur it as much as a large fuel-price increase. |
| Keywords: | climate change, Competition, Environment, Innovation, Patents, Social Responsibility |
| JEL: | D21 D22 D62 D64 H23 O30 O31 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:econom:2021-64&r= |
| By: | Iraj Hashi; Mehtap Hisarciklilar; Slavo Radošević; Nebojša Stojčić; Nina Vujanović (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | The beneficial effects of innovation for firms’ performance and competitiveness are well documented, but it has been suggested in recent years that innovation regimes differ between advanced and emerging economies. While advanced economies rely on knowledge generation, their emerging counterparts follow mainly a knowledge-use regime through the application of existing knowledge and technology. Climbing up the technological ladder can be helped through spillovers from foreign investors to local firms. We investigate whether FDI spillovers influence different phases of the innovation process (from decision to innovate to productivity) among knowledge-using and knowledge-creating firms in an emerging European economy. The results show that the innovation process in emerging economies is closer to the imitation than the creation of novel products. Local firms benefit from foreign counterparts in the early phase of the innovation process. Stronger FDI effects are found among firms that undertake innovation through knowledge use rather than through knowledge generation. |
| Keywords: | knowledge use; knowledge generation; FDI; innovation; emerging economy |
| JEL: | F21 F23 L25 C31 L21 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:wpaper:213&r= |
| By: | Maryam Elbahjaoui (laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherches et d’études en management des organisations et droit de l’entreprise-LIREMD); Abdelaziz Elabjani (laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherches et d’études en management des organisations et droit de l’entreprise-LIREMD) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research is to describe the incubation relationship to establish win-win relations between incubator and entrepreneur, which allows us to get around all the obstacles that prevent us from maintaining a sustained level of innovation. Within an ecosystem of entrepreneurial support, the incubator has a leading role because, he constitutes the bridge between the entrepreneur and the external environment, to create this relationship; he develops cooperative strategies with other incubators so that his support offer has clarity and good legibility for projects leaders. The findings are useful for incubators and entrepreneurs-owners of start-ups in their efforts to enhance the innovation of their firm. |
| Keywords: | 3 3 T Incubation,innovation,startup,morocco,Incubation |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03520325&r= |
| By: | Vicinanza, Paul; Goldberg, Amir (Stanford University); Srivastava, Sameer |
| Abstract: | Where do visionary ideas come from? Although the products of vision as manifested in technical innovation are readily observed, the ideas that eventually change the world are often obscured. Here we develop a novel method that uses deep learning to identify visionary ideas from the language used by individuals and groups. Quantifying vision this way unearths prescient ideas, individuals, and documents that prevailing methods would fail to detect. Applying our model to corpora spanning the disparate worlds of politics, law, and business, we demonstrate that it reliably detects vision in each domain. Moreover, counter to many prevailing intuitions, vision emanates from each domain’s periphery rather than its center. These findings suggest that vision may be as much as property of contexts as of individuals. |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3h8xp&r= |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Sylvia Schwaag Serger (Lund University, Research Policy Institute); Angelos Plataniotis |
| Abstract: | The European Green Deal (EGD), introduced in December 2019 by the European Commission as Europe's Growth Plan, aims to make Europe climate-neutral, resource-efficient, socially inclusive, and innovative. The UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is a pledge to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development on a global scale by 2030, considering three pillars of sustainable development--economic, social, and environmental. The two frameworks share common objectives, one being the need for Innovation Policies to support transformations required to address current global challenges, like the Climate Crisis and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we describe the interdependence between innovation policy and Agenda 2030's implementation, in line with Europe's vision for Industry 5.0, and we demonstrate how funding mechanisms like the Next Generation EU recovery package, can support countries in becoming more resilient through Green and Digital Transformations. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2212&r= |
| By: | Mariane Santos Françoso; Ron Boschma; Nicholas Vonortas |
| Abstract: | The paper contributes to the growing literature on the relationship between relatedness, complexity and regional diversification. It explores regional diversification in an emerging economy, focusing on diversification opportunities of regions with distinct levels of local capabilities. We investigate the importance of relatedness and economic complexity for sectoral and technological diversification in all regions of Brazil during the period 2006-2019. Regions tend to diversify in sectors/technologies requiring similar capabilities to those already available locally. In general, the higher the sector/technology complexity, the lower the probability of diversification. However, in high-complex regions, complexity reverses into a positive force for diversification. Our analysis shows catching-up and diversification prospects vary widely across different types of regions in Brazil. |
| Keywords: | regional diversification; relatedness; complexity; emerging economies; Brazil |
| JEL: | O25 O33 R11 O31 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2206&r= |
| By: | Avi Goldfarb; Bledi Taska; Florenta Teodoridis |
| Abstract: | General purpose technologies (GPTs) push out the production possibility frontier and are of strategic importance to managers and policymakers. While theoretical models that explain the characteristics, benefits, and approaches to create and capture value from GPTs have advanced significantly, empirical methods to identify GPTs are lagging. The handful of available attempts are typically context specific and rely on hindsight. For managers deciding on technology strategy, it means that the classification, when available, comes too late. We propose a more universal approach of assessing the GPT likelihood of emerging technologies using data from online job postings. We benchmark our approach against prevailing empirical GPT methods that exploit patent data and provide an application on a set of emerging technologies. Our application exercise suggests that a cluster of technologies comprised of machine learning and related data science technologies is relatively likely to be GPT. |
| JEL: | O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29767&r= |
| By: | W. Walker Hanlon |
| Abstract: | Why was the Industrial Revolution successful at generating sustained growth? Some have argued that there was a fundamental change in the way that new technology was developed during this period, but evidence for this argument remains largely anecdotal. This paper provides direct quantitative evidence showing that how innovation and design work was done changed fundamentally during the Industrial Revolution. This change was characterized by the professionalization of innovation and design work through the emergence of the engineering profession. I also propose a theory describing how this change could have acted as one mechanism behind the transition to modern economic growth. |
| JEL: | N13 N73 O3 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29751&r= |
| By: | Di Cataldo, Marco; Monastiriotis, Vassilis; Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés |
| Abstract: | The introduction of smart specialization (S3) as a fundamental pillar of the 2014 reform of the EU cohesion policy is a significant strategic shift in European development intervention. S3 strategies aimed at mobilizing the economic potential of each country and region of the EU by allowing a more place-based and bottom-up approach to development. However, despite the salience that S3 has acquired in a short period of time, there has been no European-wide evaluation of the extent to which S3 strategies truly reflect the economic characteristics and potential of the territories where they are being implemented. This article examines the characteristics of S3 strategies across Europe – by focusing on their development axes, economic or scientific domains and policy priorities – to assess whether this is the case. The results show that S3 strategies display a proliferation of objectives, a problem that particularly affects areas with weaker quality of government. Moreover, strategies are generally loosely connected with the intrinsic conditions of each region and mostly mimic what neighbouring areas are doing. The lack of more concise and focused S3 strategies is likely to undermine the effectiveness of what is, otherwise, a very interesting and worthwhile policy experiment. |
| Keywords: | smart specialisation; EU Policy; regions; Europe |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:107085&r= |
| By: | Stephanie Nguyen (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Sylvie Llosa (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a systematic review of the literature on customer experience, focused on technology-driven contributions. It is based on the bibliometric analysis of a large set of 846 articles published from 1982 until 2020. The combination of various methods, namely bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence analysis, allows us to identify key contributing academic journals as well as the longitudinal trend of major research topics. Moreover, the results of a co-citation analysis based on 35,658 cited references show that four different clusters compose the intellectual structure of this stream of literature: (1) addressing the conceptualization of customer experience and its components, centered on customers; (2) firms' performance and competitiveness; (3) centered on users' technology acceptance; (4) various contributions related to consumers' perspective and perceptions (e.g. satisfaction, trust). |
| Keywords: | bibliometry,customer,technology |
| Date: | 2021–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03324147&r= |