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on Innovation |
| By: | Ron Boschma; |
| Abstract: | Non-local linkages are considered to be crucial for innovation in regions because they provide access to new knowledge and ideas. This helps places to avoid or overcome lock-in situations. The cluster literature has focused on gatekeepers that may diffuse non-local knowledge to cluster firms. In the global city literature, this gatekeeping role is taken up by multinational enterprises and knowledge-intensive-business-services. However, little attention has yet been focused on the nature of these non-local linkages. Not all non-linkages matter for the capacity of a region to innovate. What matters in particular is the extent to which types of knowledge that flow through non-local linkages are complementary to the local knowledge base. What matters is not being connected to other regions per se, but being linked to regions that give access to complementary capabilities. Also inflows of external agents are crucial for regional innovation, especially for more radical innovations. |
| Keywords: | non-local linkages, geography of innovation, relatedness, global innovation networks, complementary inter-regional linkages |
| JEL: | O25 O38 R11 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2113&r=all |
| By: | Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper describes relationships within the technology transfer process at U.S. federal laboratories. Using federal laboratory data on R&D, invention disclosures, and patent applications, aggregated to the agency level, quantitative estimates of the relationship among these metrics are presented. The policy-related finding is that a 10 percent increase in R&D per 100 scientists is associated with between a 1.52 percent and a 2.04 percent increase in patent applications per 100 scientists. |
| Keywords: | Technology transfer; Federal laboratory; R&D; STEM employees; Policy evaluation; |
| JEL: | H42 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2021–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2021_002&r=all |
| By: | Benoît Desmarchelier (Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences économiques et sociales); Faridah Djellal (Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences économiques et sociales); Faïz Gallouj (Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences économiques et sociales) |
| Abstract: | This article is devoted to collaborative systems that are being established, within public services, to design and implement social innovations. These systems, which we refer to by the acronym PSINSIs (for "public service innovation networks for social innovations'"), reflect a dual process of servitization (the rise of services in the network) and de-marketization (the rise of the non-market dimension) of the traditional innovation network notion. Drawing on a database of 24 case studies collected in 5 European countries (France, Denmark, Hungary, Spain, Norway) and 5 areas of wicked social problems (elderly, education, minorities, longterm unemployment and environmental issues), this article aims to discuss how PSINSIs fit into the entrepreneurial and routine innovation and learning regimes described by evolutionary economics. Beyond these general categories, it highlights the diversity of the configurations of these regimes and their interactions. |
| Keywords: | innovation network,public service,social innovation,innovation regime |
| Date: | 2021–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03177933&r=all |
| By: | Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin (CREAM - Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée à la Mondialisation - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Romain Gibert (CREAM - Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquée à la Mondialisation - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we compare the distributions of socially optimal public funding between private and public research sectors in cooperative and non-cooperative R&D settings in the presence of externalities. We show that the proportion of public funding allocated to the private sector research always increases with the level of inter-firm spillovers but decreases with the concentration of the industry. This share is smaller (larger) when firms cooperate in R&D than when they do not for high (low) spillovers. Moreover, increases in public knowledge externalities to the private sector due to a closer proximity between the two research sectors increase the share allocated to the public sector regardless of whether firms cooperate or not in R&D. |
| Keywords: | public and private research,Knowledge public exter-nalities,Spillovers,R&D Cooperation,Oligopoly,proximity,Public policy |
| Date: | 2020–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02006489&r=all |
| By: | Plantinga, Paul; Adams, Rachel Margaret |
| Abstract: | Open government has come to be closely associated with innovation for inclusive development (IID). These two areas of practice and research have converged around similar mechanisms aimed at achieving inclusive development outcomes including; open interaction between government, technologists and end-users in the design of policies and services; open, market-oriented approaches to delivering public services and meeting the needs of citizens; and a central role for information and communication technologies (ICTs) in policy development and innovation activities. We argue, however, that an uncritical adoption of open, ICT-oriented practices risks shifting responsibility and trust for governance and development outcomes to largely unaccountable global and national network enterprises. Taking South Africa as our primary focus, including its new White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), we note a renewed interest in adopting open government practices in relation to IID. More significant, we suggest, is the emergence of ‘grassroots’, hybrid civic-technology innovation networks at the fringes of formal open government initiatives. This article considers new questions that arise around how these grassroots movements sustain meaningful interaction with mainstream STI processes, how public officials may engage with such movements in order to meet national development outcomes, and the role of ICT in these spaces. |
| Date: | 2019–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hmt8v&r=all |
| By: | Philippe Aghion; Reda Cherif; Fuad Hasanov |
| Abstract: | We provide an overview of the theories and empricial evidence on the complex relationship among innovation, competition, and inclusive growth. Competition and innovation-led growth are critical to drive productivity gains and support broad-based growth. However, new technologies and trends in market concentration are stifling future innovation while contributing to the marked increase in inequality. Beyond consumer welfare in a narrow market, competition policy should adapt to this new reality by considering the spillover and dynamic effects of market power, especially on firm entry, innovation, and inequality. Innovation policies should tackle not only government failures but also market failures. |
| Date: | 2021–03–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/080&r=all |
| By: | Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The findings from a study of the relationship between postdoctoral students and R&D at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) are presented in this paper. The goal of the study is not only to understand better knowledge transfers from publicly supported R&D but also to estimate the returns to R&D conducted in federally funded laboratories. Using public domain data related to FFRDCs, published by the U.S. National Science Foundation, the R&D elasticity of doctoral students is estimated over the years 2010 through 2019 to be about 0.85. This estimate compares well to previous studies of the returns to publicly funded R&D. |
| Keywords: | Program management; FFRDCs; Returns to R&D; Postdoctoral students; Public sector; |
| JEL: | H41 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2021–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2021_003&r=all |
| By: | Philippe Aghion; Reda Cherif; Fuad Hasanov |
| Abstract: | We show empirical evidence that there may not be a tradeoff between market income inequality and high sustained growth, which is key for poverty alleviation. We argue that the economies that achieved high sustained growth and low market income inequality are characterized by dynamism—a drive toward sophisticated export industries, innovation, and creative destruction and a high level of competition. What a country produces and how much it competes domestically and internationally are important for achieving fair and inclusive markets. We explore policy options to steer industrial and market structures toward providing growth opportunities for both workers and firms. |
| Keywords: | Income inequality;Inclusive growth;Competition;Income;Income distribution;Inequality,creative destruction,market power,industrial policy,sophistication,innovation,manufacturing,WP,monopsony power,panel data,supply firm,laggard firm,technology company |
| Date: | 2021–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/029&r=all |
| By: | Benoît Desmarchelier (Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences économiques et sociales); Faridah Djellal (Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences économiques et sociales); Faïz Gallouj (Université de Lille Faculté des Sciences économiques et sociales) |
| Abstract: | This paper is given over to "Public Service Innovation Networks for Social Innovation" (PSINSIs), a multi-agent structural arrangement set up for the collaborative production of social innovation in public services. It begins by putting forward an analytical framework that makes it possible-from both the morphological and the functional points of view-to distinguish PSINSIs from other expressions of the innovation network concept. Then, using a rich set of empirical material collected within the Co-VAL European research project and consisting of 24 in-depth PSINSIs case studies undertaken in five European countries, it attempts to enter the black box of PSINSIs in order to better understand both the nature of social innovation at work and the modes of formation and functioning of these networks. |
| Keywords: | innovation networks,public services,social innovation |
| Date: | 2021–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03177910&r=all |