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on Innovation |
| By: | Sampson, Thomas |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the origins and consequences of international technology gaps. I develop an endogenous growth model where R&D efficiency varies across countries and productivity differences emerge from firm-level technology investments. The theory characterizes how innovation and learning determine technology gaps, trade and global income inequality. Countries with higher R&D efficiency are richer and have comparative advantage in more innovation-dependent industries where the advantage of backwardness is lower and knowledge spillovers are more localized. I estimate R&D efficiency by country and innovation-dependence by industry from R&D and bilateral trade data. Calibrating the model implies technology gaps, due to cross-country differences in R&D efficiency, account for around one-quarter to one-third of nominal wage variation within the OECD. |
| Keywords: | technology gaps; trade; technology investment; Ricardian comparative advantage; international income inequality |
| JEL: | F11 F43 O14 O41 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:102812&r=all |
| By: | Katia Picaud-Bello; Thomas Johnsen (Audencia Recherche - Audencia Business School); Richard Calvi (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Mihalis Giannakis (Audencia Business School - Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to address the gap concerning our knowledge about early purchasing's involvement (EPI) in new product development (NPD) projects in contexts characterized by discontinuous innovation. We adopt a dynamic capability perspective to explore how existing sourcing and supplier relationship management capabilities are adapted when purchasing agents become involved in discontinuous innovations projects. We use an embedded case-study approach to study four NPD projects in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) company. The case studies are based on interviews with managers and staff from the research and development, purchasing, and marketing departments, as well as suppliers involved in the projects. Our empirical findings capture emerging purchasing practices including a "reversed" sourcing process, purchasing-marketing interaction, and the coordination of "a learning atmosphere" between the R&D department and suppliers through proactive innovation meetings and creativity workshops. We derive propositions to conduct further research into the role of the purchasing department in times of discontinuous innovation. We also provide a framework of sourcing and supplier-relationship practices that firms can use when embarking on discontinuous innovation. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02380474&r=all |
| By: | David Carassus (CREG - Centre de recherche et d'études en gestion - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Pierre Marin (CREG - Centre de recherche et d'études en gestion - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); C. Maurel; Christophe Favoreu (TBS - Toulouse Business School) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this research is to explore the relations between different categories of managerial innovations in public organizations. This paper aims to characterize the nature of the links between the implementation of an innovation and the subsequent adoption of a second, Bfollow-on^innovation. The research, which integrates the specific dimension of public managerial innovation, endeavours to enrich the research and the literature on the determinants of innovation dynamics in public organizations. Using two case studies of French local government authorities, this research highlights the direct and indirect effects and show how managerial innovations positively influence the future innovation capability of public organizations. |
| Keywords: | local government,public organization,innovation dynamics,managerial innovation |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02152932&r=all |
| By: | Rahman, Sarli; Suwitho, Suwitho; Oh, Andi; Purwati, Astri Ayu |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to reconfirm the factors that caused the differences from the results of previous studies related to the relationship of R&D expenditures, the number of patent applications high-tech exports and economic growth (GDP). Cause of these differences related to the research objects, observation time and the data choice used. Therefore in this study, the research objects were selected 51 countries listed in the 2018 global innovation index, which are then grouped into high-income countries, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income. In addition, there are also three alternative choices of data that are used to represent high-tech export variables and economic growth variables. From the analysis conducted it is found that innovation activities could affect the economic growth of high-income countries in the long term and the short term. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Economic Growth, FDI Inflows, High-tech Export |
| JEL: | O1 O3 O5 |
| Date: | 2019–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:97766&r=all |
| By: | Rachel Bocquet (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Sandra Dubouloz (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc) |
| Abstract: | The two main perspectives regarding the drivers of managerial innovation (MI)-institutional and rational-are often presented as contrasts in previous literature. This article seeks to bridge the two perspectives in an effort to analyze the external antecedents of MI in an open innovation framework. Using the French Organizational Change and Computerization survey, this analysis reveals that MI is influenced not only by active external search strategies but also by coercive pressures and a quest for legitimacy. The results also indicate a substitution effect between external search activity and absorptive capacity in relation to MI. That is, openness is beneficial for managerial innovation in manufacturing firms but internal obstacles still dominate. |
| Keywords: | Managerial innovation,Open innovation,Rational approach,Institutional theory,Manufacturing firms |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02380541&r=all |
| By: | Long, Vicky (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | This study contributes to a meso (industry)-level understanding of the changing complexity of the general appropriability conditions in the digital era on the one hand, and the role of IPRs in that (appropriability) on the other hand, through a study of an industry sector – the Swedish video (computer) games industry – where digital distribution prevails and IPRs are important (copyrights in derivative works; trademarks in game titles).Combining analyses on EPO patent data, EUIPO trademark data, firm-level interviews and survey data, this study firstly identifies a paradoxical development: on the one hand, there is a clear digital take-off of IPRs’ propensity, namely firms tend to be more active in registering trademarks and valuing their copyrights (firm size and technological platform matter though). On the other hand, the digital traits – digitally induced high levels of interactivities (between supply and demand) and the digital division of a product (in provisions) – provide strong protections (to the innovation) from a technical standpoint, which offsets the importance of IPRs. Then what are IPRs for, in a technologically tight appropriability regime? This study further identifies that the increase of the importance of IPRs is not derived from IPRs’ protection function, but from their signalling function. In the digital era, new products easily disappear in the digital crowd, and IPRs can act as an important remedy by signalling the origin and quality of products as well as new innovations. This study provides a snapshot of the digital complexity pertinent to the issue of appropriability. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Appropriability; Video Games; Digitalization; Innovation |
| JEL: | L17 L24 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2019–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0329&r=all |
| By: | Hyuk-Soo Kwon (Institute for Fiscal Studies); Jihong Lee (Institute for Fiscal Studies); Sokbae (Simon) Lee (Institute for Fiscal Studies and Columbia University and IFS); Ryungha Oh (Institute for Fiscal Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the trends in geographic localization of knowledge spillovers via patent citations, extracting multiple cohorts of new sample US patents from the period of 1976-2015. Despite accelerating globalization and widespread per-ception of the “death of distance,” our matched-sample study reveals signi?cant and growing localization e?ects of knowledge spillovers at both intra- and international levels after the 1980s. Increased localization e?ects have been accompanied by greater heterogeneity across states and industries. The results are robust to various methods of proxying the existing geography of knowledge production. |
| Date: | 2019–10–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ifs:cemmap:58/19&r=all |
| By: | Pierre Vialle (LITEM - Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School, MMS - Département Management, Marketing et Stratégie - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - TEM - Télécom Ecole de Management - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School); Jason Whalley (Newcastle University Business School, MMS - Département Management, Marketing et Stratégie - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - TEM - Télécom Ecole de Management - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School); Xavier Parisot (IKI-SEA - The Institute for Knowledge and Innovation South East Asia (Bangkok University)) |
| Abstract: | The issue of disruptive operators has recently gained interest among researchers and regulators. From a regulator's perspective, disruptive operators can increase competitive rivalry in markets dominated by a handful of large companies, thus allowing consumers to obtain more benefits in terms of price and quality. However, the "disruptive" qualification of an operator in related studies does not rely on a precise definition of disruption. The disruption theory, as developed by Christensen, provides such a definition but may be too restrictive. In addition, it may not be adapted to the analysis of disruption in regulated industries such as telecommunications. In this paper, we aim at deepening our understanding of disruption in the case of the Telecommunications industry, by analysing cases of mobile operators who entered the industry thanks to 3G or 4G licences. To this end we first analyse the disruption theory literature and highlight its characteristics and limitations. It allows us to propose an eclectic analytical framework of disruptive innovations that does not restrict to Christensen's theory. We then apply it to different cases of disruptive mobile operators in order to identify the level and pattern of disruption inherent to each case, and to compare them. We conclude by discussing our findings and further research perspectives. |
| Keywords: | Disruption,Innovation,Telecommunications,Regulated Industries,Business Model,Strategy,Policy |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02337855&r=all |
| By: | Olga Ivanova; d'Artis Kancs; Mark Thissen |
| Abstract: | This is the first study that attempts to assess the regional economic impacts of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) investments in a spatially explicit macroeconomic model, which allows us to take into account all key direct, indirect and spatial spillover effects of EIT investments via inter-regional trade and investment linkages and a spatial diffusion of technology via an endogenously determined global knowledge frontier with endogenous growth engines driven by investments in knowledge and human capital. Our simulation results of highly detailed EIT expenditure data suggest that, besides sizable direct effects in those regions that receive the EIT investment support, there are also significant spatial spillover effects to other (non-supported) EU regions. Taking into account all key indirect and spatial spillover effects is a particular strength of the adopted spatial general equilibrium methodology; our results suggest that they are important indeed and need to be taken into account when assessing the impacts of EIT investment policies on regional economies. |
| Keywords: | DSGE modelling, innovation, productivity, human capital, SCGE model, spatial spillovers. |
| JEL: | C68 D58 F12 R13 R30 |
| Date: | 2019–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eei:rpaper:eeri_rp_2019_10&r=all |