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on Innovation |
| By: | Aithal, Sreeramana; Aithal, Shubhrajyotsna |
| Abstract: | Innovation is considered as the lifeblood of higher education institutions and universities in order to survive, sustain, differentiate, monopoly, and develop in their industry. It is postulated that the core Innovations of universities should be focussed in five areas to develop core resources which include physical infrastructure, digital infrastructure, innovative teaching-learning infrastructure, intellectual property infrastructure, emotional infrastructure, and network infrastructure. It is also postulated that the Skill focussed education model contributes to the creation of innovative teaching-learning infrastructure and Research oriented education model contributes to the intellectual property infrastructure of the organization. This paper highlights how a new innovative private university can plan and implement strategies to grow in its lifecycle of survival stage, sustainability stage, differentiation stage, monopoly stage, and developed stage by means of skill enhancement through industry integration model and research oriented curriculum based education model by considering Srinivas university as a case study. This case study elaborates how Srinivas university implements its strategy aggressively to grow as most innovative skill and research focussed education system in India with an objective of transforming society by creating innovators. |
| Keywords: | Innovations in HIE, Skill & research focussed, Industry integration in HIE, Private university, Srinivas university. |
| JEL: | M10 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95151&r=all |
| By: | Tatiana Khavenson (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Diana Koroleva (National Research University Higher School of Economics); Anastasia Lukina (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Education systems across the world are experiencing significant transformations. Grassroots innovators play an important role in these changes. To stimulate the development of grassroots innovations it is important to understand the mechanisms that underlie their creation. This paper investigates the motivation of individuals who initialize innovative projects in education. The approach to measuring motivation was adopted from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) initially developed for social and commercial entrepreneurs. The Russian version of the methodology was elaborated and validated to study educational innovators. The sample consists of 437 participants of the Competition for Innovation in Education (KIVO). Four types of motivation are identified: social, self-realization, status, financial. They are explained within the self-determination theory (SDT) and grassroots innovations. The social and self-realization motives are inherent in all the actors, while the other two vary among innovators. This motivational structure allows the authors to differentiate between specific types of innovators – social entrepreneurs and ‘non-entrepreneurs’. The discussion, following the conclusion in this article, focuses on which environment would be favorable for developing innovations, considering the personal motives for innovative activity. The results can be valuable for education policy. |
| Keywords: | innovation, grassroots innovation, education innovations, motivation, PSED, education system, educational change. |
| JEL: | I20 I21 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:52edu2019&r=all |
| By: | Krammer, Sorin; Jimenez, Alfredo |
| Abstract: | We posit that the investments in political connections made by a firm in an emerging market will impact differently its propensity to introduce radical and incremental innovations. In addition, we argue that this effect will be moderated by alternate non-market firm strategies, such as bribery. Using a dataset of more than 9,000 firms in 30 emerging economies from Eastern Europe and Central Asia we find that political connections increase the probability of radical innovation but have no significant impact on incremental innovation. Moreover, larger bribing reduces the positive impact of political connections on radical innovation. Our results confirm the importance of political connections for firm activities, but also caution firms on their heterogeneous impact on various types of innovations, and their detrimental interplay with other non-market strategies. |
| Keywords: | Radical innovation; Incremental innovation; Political connections; Bribery; Non-market strategy. |
| JEL: | D72 L2 O31 |
| Date: | 2019–06–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94942&r=all |
| By: | Gregory Huffman (Vanderbilt University) |
| Abstract: | A growth model is studied in which the destruction (or exit) and creative (or research) decisions are decoupled. This approach emphasizes that different agents make these interrelated decisions. The growth rate equals the product of a measure of the destruction and creation rates. The determinants of income mobility, income inequality, the lifespan of a firm, and the growth rate are studied. The equilibrium can either yield too high or low a level of innovation, but the destruction rate may also be too high or low. A non-linear tax/subsidy scheme, which alters the innovation and exit decisions, can improve welfare. |
| Keywords: | Economic Growth, Creative Destruction, Innovation, Tax Policy, Inequality |
| JEL: | E0 O3 |
| Date: | 2019–07–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:van:wpaper:vuecon-sub-19-00012&r=all |
| By: | Bakari, Sayef |
| Abstract: | We analyze the relationship between economic growth and innovation taking into consideration the importance of the internet. To do so, we use a panel ARDL model, with data on a sample of 76 developed and developing countries in different geographic regions for the 1995–2016 period. Our findings provide empirical evidence of the positive role of innovation and internet in economic growth and the positive role of economic growth and internet in innovation. From these results, we derive several basic policy conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Economic Growth, Internet |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O38 O47 O50 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94851&r=all |
| By: | David Anolfatto (University of Waterloo); Glenn M MacDonald (University of Rochester) |
| Abstract: | In the U.S. economy, real output growth is forecastable with its own lag and the lagged consumption—output ratio. With technological progress modeled as a random walk, standard real-business-cycle (RBC) models fails to replicate this fact: these models generate equilibrium output dynamics that largely inherit the properties of the assumed impulse dynamics, leading some researchers to question the empirical relevance of technology shocks for generating business cycle dynamics. In this paper, we develop a model economy that exhibits endogenous stochas-tic growth with aggregate fluctuations driven by technology shocks that are ab-sorbed with some lag, reflecting the costly and time—consuming nature of inno-vation and diffusion. Our purpose is to compare the resulting business cycle dynamics with those predicted by standard RBC models, which implicitly as-sume the instantaneous diffusion of new technology. Unlike the standard RBC model, the environment studied here generates business cycle dynamics that better resemble observed patterns. |
| Keywords: | Weak Instruments; Hypothesis Testing; Business Cycle Dynamics |
| JEL: | C13 C12 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sfu:sfudps:dp19-03&r=all |
| By: | Chu, Angus C.; Kou, Zonglai; Wang, Xilin |
| Abstract: | We explore the dynamic effects of minimum wage in a Schumpeterian model with endogenous market structure and obtain the following results. First, raising the minimum wage decreases the employment of low-skill workers and increases the unemployment rate. Second, it decreases the level of output. Third, it decreases the transitional growth rate of output but does not affect the steady-state growth rate. Our quantitative analysis shows that the magnitude of the negative effects of minimum wage is sharply increasing in low-skill labor intensity in production and that employed low-skill workers gain initially but might suffer from slower growth in future wages. |
| Keywords: | minimum wage; unemployment; innovation; endogenous market structure |
| JEL: | E24 O3 O4 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:94822&r=all |
| By: | Morgan, Stephen N.; Mason, Nicole M.; Shupp, Robert S.; Myers, Robert J. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290833&r=all |
| By: | Francesco Lamperti; Franco Malerba; Roberto Mavilia; Giorgio Tripodi |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically investigates how the inter-sectoral knowledge flows affect the international competitiveness of industries, once controlling for both cost and other technological factors. Using patent data on 14 manufacturing industries in 16 OECD countries over the period 1995-2009, we apply a network-based approach to capture the effect of industries' position in the flows of technological knowledge across industries, which we label inter-sectoral knowledge space. We find that (i) centrality and local clustering in the inter-sectoral knowledge space positively affect the export market shares of an industry, (ii) such two effects are rather redundant and, (iii) national-level knowledge flows' impacts on international competitiveness are way stronger than international ones. Network measures of position in the knowledge space are found to be more relevant than standard technological indicators such as patent counts. Our results point to the importance of industries being well located in the stream of knowledge flows, rather than being innovative per-se, and offers an novel yet robust proxy to measure technological factors affecting trade performances. In addition, we find evidence of geographical boundaries of knowledge flows. |
| Keywords: | international trade; industry competitiveness; knowledge flows; patent data. |
| Date: | 2019–07–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2019/23&r=all |
| By: | Dosis, Anastasios (ESSEC Business School and THEMA); Muthoo, Abhinay (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | We study a two-stage, winner-takes-all, R&D race, in which, at the outset, firms are uncertain regarding the viability of the project. Learning through experimentation introduces a bilateral (dynamic) feedback mechanism. For relatively low-value products,the equilibrium stopping time coincides with the socially efficient stopping time although firms might experiment excessively inequilibrium; forrelatively high-value products, firms might reduce experimentation and stop rather prematurely due to the fundamental free-riding effect. Perhaps surprisingly, a decrease in the value of the product can spur experimentation. |
| Keywords: | Experimentation ; learning ; dynamic R&D competition ; inefficiency |
| JEL: | C73 D83 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1214&r=all |