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on Innovation |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet |
| Abstract: | Recently, Batabyal and Yoo (2018) have analyzed Schumpeterian competition in a region that is creative a la Richard Florida and where the creative class is made up of existing and candidate entrepreneurs. These researchers assume that an existing entrepreneur has a fully enforced patent on the inputs or machines that he has produced. We dispense with this assumption and study a scenario in which there is no patent protection for the representative existing entrepreneur (REE). This REE can undertake two possible types of innovation at the same cost. The first (second) type of innovation is general (specific) and hence can (cannot) be copied by the so called candidate entrepreneurs. In this setting, we perform two tasks. First, we show that although the REE will never undertake the general innovation, he may undertake the specific innovation. Second, we point out that even though the general innovation is not undertaken, the value to the creative region from the general innovation exceeds that from the specific innovation. |
| Keywords: | Creative Class, General Innovation, Patent, Specific Innovation |
| JEL: | O31 R11 |
| Date: | 2018–03–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:89604&r=ino |
| By: | Bettina Peters; Mark J. Roberts; Van Anh Vuong |
| Abstract: | In this article we study differences in the returns to R&D investment between firms that sell in international markets and firms that only sell in the domestic market. We use German firm-level data from the high-tech manufacturing sector to estimate a dynamic structural model of a firm's decision to invest in R&D and use it to measure the difference in expected long-run benefit from R&D investment for exporting and domestic firms. The results show that R&D investment leads to a higher rate of product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger impact on productivity improvement in export market sales. As a result, exporting firms have a higher payoff from R&D investment, invest in R&D more frequently than firms that only sell in the domestic market, and, subsequently, have higher rates of productivity growth. The endogenous investment in R&D is an important mechanism that leads to a divergence in the long-run performance of firms that differ in their export market exposure. Simulating the introduction of trade tariffs we find a substantial reduction in firms' productivity growth and incentive to invest in R&D. |
| JEL: | F14 L25 O3 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25228&r=ino |
| By: | Engler, A.; Rodriguez, M.F.; Cofr, G. |
| Abstract: | For the Chilean economy, the blueberry and apple sector have an important role regarding production and employment. To remain competitive in the export supply chain, farmers require to adjust to more efficient and productive systems. One important way to increase agricultural productivity is through the introduction of improved agricultural technologies and management systems. In particular, the study focuses on how levels of innovation, measured by complexity and investments requirements of the adopted technologies, relates to innovative behavior and complying with social responsibility practices, as two indicators of the farmer's behavior towards innovation. A typology of farmers with different technological levels was constructed based on multivariate techniques, according to the adoption of seven technologies. Findings showed three clusters: cluster I of high technology farms (32.2%), cluster II of farms with complex and low-cost technologies (27%), and cluster III of farms with low technology (40.68%). Within the cluster, it was identified that cluster I, farmers have a positive attitude toward innovation and the highest SR implementation rates. The farmers from cluster I were similar from cluster II in structural variables, but they significantly differ in innovative behavior attitudes. Cluster III, significantly differ with cluster I in structural variables, behavioral variables, and SR practices. The results showed the heterogeneity among farmers and the complexity of the adoption decision-making process shading lights on policy design to enhance innovation, research and technology transfer among farmers Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277281&r=ino |
| By: | Ekaterina Turkina; Ari Van Assche |
| Abstract: | In today’s knowledge economy, clusters are a key driver of a country’s competitiveness. Yet a cluster’s technological base is now more than ever influenced by constituent firms’ actions to tap into distant knowledge sources. Drawing on a social network perspective, and distinguishing between horizontal versus vertical organization-based linkages, we explore the effects of a cluster’s connectedness to foreign locations on its innovation performance. We show that improvements in horizontal and vertical connectedness both stimulate a cluster’s innovation performance, but that their relative effects vary across cluster types. Innovation in knowledge-intensive clusters disproportionately benefits from enhancements in their constituent firms’ horizontal connectedness to foreign knowledge hotspots. Innovation in labor-intensive clusters mostly gains from stronger vertical connections by their firms to central value chain players abroad. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on global knowledge sourcing and cluster upgrading. |
| Keywords: | Cluster,Knowledge Sourcing,Connectedness,Network Analysis,Patent, |
| Date: | 2018–04–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2018s-12&r=ino |
| By: | Nezih Altay; Graham Heaslip; Gyöngyi Kovács; Karen Spens; Peter Tatham; Alain Vaillancourt |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper aims to identify gaps in the literature on innovation in humanitarian supply chains, and to develop an appropriate framework for future research through a systematic literature review. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a systematic literature review approach and synthesise the discussion of innovation in humanitarian supply chains after reviewing 32 papers. The synthesis identifies the different contexts for and outcomes of innovation in humanitarian supply chains. Findings – The findings indicate that research on innovation in humanitarian supply chains is an underdeveloped topic. Gaps we identified in regards to the humanitarian context are: (1) a limited discussion of the contribution by the beneficiary to the supply chain; (2) a limited discussion of reconstruction innovations; (3) a lack of study on field application for complex innovations; (3) the lack of discussion of the role of individual knowledge in humanitarian supply chain innovation and finally (5) a lack of study of position innovations where humanitarian organisations use supply chains as a way to market effectively towards donors. Originality/value – This paper develops a comprehensive framework for the classification of innovation in humanitarian supply chains and highlights gaps in the literature. Through this, it integrates innovation concepts and findings from the literature, to provide an overview of the current state of the literature on innovation in this particular context. |
| Keywords: | Humanitarian supply chains,Innovation,Humanitarian logistics, |
| Date: | 2018–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2018s-03&r=ino |
| By: | FURUKAWA Yuichi; Tat-kei LAI; SATO Kenji |
| Abstract: | People's desire for novelty is often perceived to encourage innovation. However, our cross-country evidence suggests that the relationship can be negative. To explain this empirical finding, we develop a new R&D-based growth model which incorporates people's novelty-seeking traits. In our model, people's novelty-seeking traits are captured by their extra preference towards new goods; besides, innovation is achieved through new and existing product development as two separate processes of innovation, both requiring costly and time-consuming investment activities. We find that if the level of inherent novelty seeking is higher than some threshold level, then the economy is caught in an underdevelopment trap with less innovation; otherwise, it provides innovation perpetually and achieves long-run growth. Our model shows that the effects of higher levels of inherent novelty seeking on innovation and economic growth can be negative. Our result suggests an essential role of the public's preference for novelty in designing a more favorable economic institution and policy that support innovation and growth. |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:18073&r=ino |
| By: | Santos, Eleonora; Khan, Shahed |
| Abstract: | The dynamic effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Portugal allowed for a structural shift in exports towards technology-intensive activities. However, since 2000, several factors, largely triggered by the global financial crisis, led to a drop in industrial output along with a reduction in FDI attraction. This paper assesses the efficacy of the Investment Promoting policies to stimulate innovation and promote the absorptive capacity at national level, by analysing the relationship between FDI inward flows and a set of innovation and absorptive capacity indicators. Results show that the gap between Portugal and the EU-28 average is far from being closed. Rather than being an automatic process triggered by foreign presence, we suggest that the convergence based on the productivity, can be assisted by a reinforcement of supply-side measures, and the coordination between the industrial policy and the instruments of the Investment Promotion Policy, in strategic industries. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Policy, Productivity, Investment Promotion Policies, Innovation, Convergence, Technological Gap |
| JEL: | F15 F23 O11 O33 O40 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:89738&r=ino |
| By: | Santos, Eleonora; Khan, Shahed |
| Abstract: | Since the mid-twentieth century, the Portuguese economy converged vis-à-vis with the EU average, due to backwardness advantages. At the same time, the dynamic effects of Foreign Direct Investment allowed for a structural shift in exports towards technology-intensive activities. However, in the new millennium, several factors, largely triggered by the global financial crisis, led to a drop in industrial output along with a reduction in FDI attraction. This paper assesses the efficacy of the Investment Promoting policies to stimulate innovation and promote the absorptive capacity at national level, by analysing the relationship between FDI inward flows and a set of innovation and absorptive capacity indicators. Results show that the gap between Portugal and the EU-28 average is far from being closed. Rather than being an automatic process triggered by foreign presence, we suggest that the convergence based on the productivity, can be assisted by a reinforcement of supply-side measures, and the coordination between the industrial policy and the instruments of the Investment Promotion Policy, in strategic industries. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Policy,Productivity,Investment Promotion Policies,Innovation,Convergence,Technological Gap |
| JEL: | F15 F23 O11 O33 O40 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:183508&r=ino |
| By: | Lóránt Tavasszy |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates innovations in multimodal supply chains. It covers innovations in technology and IT, physical hardware and how supply chains are organised. It outlines direct and indirect impacts of these innovations, showing the ramifications for multimodality, the broader logistics system and sustainability challenges. |
| Date: | 2018–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2018/18-en&r=ino |
| By: | Nicola Grassano (European Commission - JRC); Alexander Coad (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú); Jacob Holm (Aalborg University); Christian Ostergaard (Aalborg University); Bram Timmermans (Norwegian School of Economics); Antonio Vezzani (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In this brief we take the case of Denmark to analyse the role big R&D investing companies' play in job polarisation, focusing on a recent JRC report (Holm et al., 2017) studying skills, innovation and reorganization of labour |
| Keywords: | R&D Scoreboard companies, job polarisation, Denmark case |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc112709&r=ino |
| By: | Alfonso Expósito (Department of Economic Analysis and Political Economy, University of Seville, Calle San Fernando 4, 41004 Sevilla (Spain).); Juan A. Sanchis-Llopis (Department of Economic Structure, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain).) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the involvement of small firms in international trade activities by identifying the comprehensive impact of innovation. Specifically, we study how innovation introduced by these firms determines entrepreneurial decision-making process regarding whether to engage in exporting and/or importing. Moreover, we account for several innovation outputs (product, process, and organisational/managerial innovation) when estimating the potentially interrelated decisions of whether to export and/or import. Results confirm the simultaneity of firms’ exporting and importing decisions and consequently these two decisions should be estimated together when analysing the influence incurred by the introduction of alternative types of innovation on said decisions. Furthermore, findings show complementarity between types of innovation to be relevant in explaining export and import decisions made by SMEs. Specifically, cumulative effects as a result of combining product and process innovation, as well of product, process and organisational innovation, are highly significant in explaining export decisions, while in the case of imports, the combination of product and organisational innovation is shown to be significant. These findings lead to major policy and managerial implications regarding the promotion of SMEs’ participation in international trade flows through alternative innovation strategies. |
| Keywords: | innovation, exporting, importing, SME |
| JEL: | F14 O30 L20 M21 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eec:wpaper:1814&r=ino |
| By: | Hélène Latzer (Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne and Université Saint-Louis (CEREC) - Belgique); Kiminori Matsuyama (Northwestern University - USA); Mathieu Parenti (Université Libre de Bruxelles (ECARES) and CEPR (United Kingdom)) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at disentangling two effects of the labor supply size on long-run growth that are traditionally undistinguishable under preference homotheticity: a scale effect, and a market size effect. To reach this goal, we present two horizontal-innovation models of endogenous growth with non-homothetic preferences. We demonstrate in particular that in such set-ups, keeping the economy's total effective labor supply constant, a "richer" country (i.e., with higher labor productivity and a smaller labor force) grows faster than a "poorer" country (i.e., with lower labor productivity and a larger labor force), leading the two countries to diverge |
| Keywords: | Divergence; horizontal Innovation; Knowledge Spillover; Endogenous Growth; Balanced Growth Path; Variable price elasticity; Endogenous Markup; Nonhomotheticity; Direct Explicit Additivity; Indirect Explicit Additivity |
| JEL: | O11 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:18032&r=ino |