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on Innovation |
| By: | Aiello, Francesco; Albanese, Giuseppe; Piselli, Paolo |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of R&D public support on the innovation activities of a sample of Italian SMEs. Unlike most of the literature, the analysis focuses more deeply on the innovation output than on the innovation input. The innovation output is measured through patent data. By using a new data set obtained by combining information from EPO records and the Capitalia data set on Italian corporations, we find that publicly supported firms have similar patenting activity to other R&D performers, regardless of the type of policy tool used to foster innovation. However, as far as patenting is concerned, supported SMEs face higher R&D spending than others. |
| Keywords: | Patents; R&D policy support; SMEs |
| JEL: | C21 L1 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2017–03–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77955&r=ino |
| By: | Loitongbam, Bishwanjit Singh |
| Abstract: | The changing global environment brings about new opportunities and new markets for domestic firms in developing countries. We examine the impacts of globalization and IPR protection on the innovation in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, using the firm-level panel data. This paper finds that there is a positive and highly significant level of foreign ownership effect on R&D activities. This indicates that there is technology spillover in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. TRIPS implementation has insignificant effects on R&D innovation. It is also found that exporting firms and firms with a higher productivity level are significantly more likely to carry out R&D activities. |
| Keywords: | Globalization, Foreign Ownership, Innovation, R&D |
| JEL: | F1 F14 F6 |
| Date: | 2016–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:75925&r=ino |
| By: | Antonelli, Crisiano (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | The limits of both evolutionary approaches, based upon biological metaphors, and the new growth theory based on the early economics of knowledge, are becoming apparent. Considerable progress can be made by implementing an evolutionary complexity approach that builds upon the legacy of Schumpeter (1947) with the notions of: i)reactive decision making; ii) multiple feedback; iii) innovation as the outcome of an emergent system process rather than individual action; iv);organized complexity and knowledge connectivity; iv) endogenous variety; vi) non ergodic path dependent dynamics. Building upon these bases, the paper articulates an endogenous theory of innovation centered upon the analysis of the systemic conditions that make the creative reaction and hence the introduction of innovations possible. |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:201712&r=ino |
| By: | Christopher Baum; Hans Lööf,; Pardis Nabavi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines variation in productivity growth within a given location and between different locations. Implementing a dynamic panel data approach on Swedish micro data, we test the separate and complementary effect of internal innovation efforts and spillovers from the local milieu. Measuring the potential knowledge spillover by access to knowledgeintensive services, the estimation results produce strong evidence of differences in the capacity to benefit from external knowledge among persistent innovators, temporary innovators and non-innovators. The results are consistent regardless of whether innovation efforts are measured in terms of the frequency of patent applications or R&D investments see above see above |
| Keywords: | Sweden, Growth, Sectoral issues |
| Date: | 2015–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:008007:8970&r=ino |
| By: | Bertschek, Irene; Kesler, Reinhold |
| Abstract: | Social media open up new possibilities for firms to exploit information from various external sources. Does this information help firms to become more innovative? Combining firm-level survey data with information from firms' Facebook pages, we study the role that firms' and users' activities on Facebook play in the innovation process. We find that firms' adoption of a Facebook page as well as feedback from users are positively and significantly related to product innovations. Analysis of the content of Facebook posts and comments reveals that firms are more likely to introduce product innovations if they actively ask for feedback, while only negative user comments are positively and significantly related to innovation success. These results withstand a large set of robustness checks, including estimations that take potential endogeneity of firms' Facebook use into account. |
| Keywords: | social media,knowledge sources,product innovation |
| JEL: | D22 L23 O31 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:17015&r=ino |
| By: | Giannopoulou Eleni; Barlatier Pierre-Jean; Pénin Julien |
| Abstract: | Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) and universities are important elements of countries’ innovation system. Due to their intermediate position in between science and industry, RTOs and universities are often blended together and considered as the same thing. However, many studies have stressed the differences between the two. In this paper, we compare the impact of RTOs and universities on firms’ innovation type and performance. More specifically, we analyze what kind of innovation firms which work with RTOs versus universities are more likely to develop. Our study is based on statistical analysis of Community Innovation Survey available micro-data (CIS 2012). Our results suggest that firms which work with RTOs versus universities have different innovation outcomes. In particular, we find that companies that deem RTOs as more important sources of knowledge than universities have a higher probability to develop service innovation, have less need to invest in internal R&D but are less likely to be innovative including new to the world innovation. These results have important policy and management implications. |
| Keywords: | Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), Universities, Service Innovation, University-industry linkages, Open Innovation. |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2017-09&r=ino |
| By: | Tiwari, Rajnish; Fischer, Luise; Kalogerakis, Katharina |
| Abstract: | Frugal innovation is gaining traction globally, not only in emerging economies, but also in the industrialized world. The root causes of frugality's acceptance as a societal value may however differ according to the social context, especially between the developing and the developed world. In this paper we present the results of a trend analysis in Germany that has been conducted as a part of a BMBF-supported project aiming to investigate "Potentials, Challenges and Societal Relevance of Frugal Innovations in the Context of Global Innovation Competition". The research was conducted in two steps. In a first step preliminary insights were generated by an extensive literature review and 3 focus groups with 30 experts discussing the relevance of frugal innovation for Germany. These insights were then verified in 20 semi-structured interviews with additional experts from cross-sections of the German society. The experts opined that frugal products and services (should) focus on the customers' core needs and reduce unnecessary complexity while adhering to high quality standards. They predicted a trend towards frugal solutions in Germany due to a complex interplay of various factors. One notable factor was a growing appreciation of moderation and voluntary simplicity by parts of the German society leading to "frugal choices". The second widespread consensus was that frugal innovations are necessary to secure long-term competitiveness of German companies in fast-growing, unsaturated markets in the emerging economies. Several challenges were pointed out concerning the actual implementation of frugal concepts in the product development process. An overwhelming reliance on high tech-driven and complexity-embracing innovation pathways by engineers in German firms was characterized as a powerful obstacle in implementing frugality. |
| Keywords: | Frugal Innovation,Germany,Affordability,Moderation,Emerging Markets,Voluntary Simplicity,Affordable Excellence,Frugality 3.0 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuhtim:96&r=ino |
| By: | Koschatzky, Knut |
| Abstract: | Many case studies about public-private research partnerships (PPP) between academia and industry provide useful insights into the establishment and operation of these collaborative ties. Nevertheless, many of these studies follow their own perspective of analysis. According to Bozeman (2013: 312) "the scholarship on this topic remains relatively a theoretical or, more precisely, that it is "pre-theoretical" in the sense that much knowledge is accumulated but it has not been integrated into a matrix of empirical explanations". Taking the funding initiative of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) "Research Campus - public-private partnership for innovation" (Forschungscampus - öffentlich-private Partnerschaft für Innovationen) as an example of a public-private partnership in research and innovation, it is the objective of this paper to develop a theoretical framework for the empirical analysis of this kind of PPP, and to apply this framework to the specific case of the German "Research Campus" initiative. |
| Keywords: | public-private partnership,research and innovation,theory-based framework,research campus,Germany |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisifr:r22017&r=ino |
| By: | Yeongjun Yeo; Sungmoon Jung; Jeong-Dong Lee; Won-Sik Hwang; Yeongjun Yeo |
| Abstract: | In the 1990s and the early part of the 2000s, many countries in the world have gone through the ‘jobless growth’ in which employment stalled while economy grew. In many countries since the global financial crisis, there has also been occasions where the unemployment rate has increased instead of falling although the economy has bounced back. Likewise, South Korea has been going through this ‘jobless growth’ since the middle of the 2000s. There are various claims in the circles of economics as to the cause of such phenomenon, one of which is that it’s due to technological innovation. That is, as technologies progress, productivity and output increases, but the demand for jobs decreases and has a bad influence on employment. Particularly, in the case of South Korea, which has reached the highest degree of intensity in its investment in R&D as continuous investment therein has increased, points are being raised that this is the cause of the ‘jobless growth’. Not only the quantitative aspect of employment but also the qualitative aspect is an issue, and, while technological innovation increases the demand for skilled laborers, it stunts the demand for unskilled laborers. That is, it brings about skill-biased technology change. Especially, Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) claimed in their book ‘The Second Machine Age’ that, as information communication technology advances, new technologies and machines replace jobs faster, technological innovation causes skill-biased technology change and capital-biased technology change, and leads to income polarization. However, the recently raised arguments are only considering the direct influences that innovation has on employment.Therefore, the influence of innovation on employment and growth should be examined with its indirect effects as well as direct. Hence, in this study, using the computable general equilibrium model, which is capable of concurrently considering various aspects of economy, it was intended to examine what influence innovation has on employment structure and economic growth. The innovation affects employment through various routes. Especially, when diversity of products increases through innovation, it leads to indirect influences in which new demand is created and the employment increases. Therefore, the influence of innovation on employment and growth should be examined with its indirect effects as well as direct. Hence, in this study, using the computable general equilibrium model, which is capable of concurrently considering various aspects of economy, it was intended to examine what influence innovation has on employment structure and economic growth. For this, knowledge-based Social Accounting Matrix and knowledge-based computable general equilibrium model have been constructed. The result of the study utilizing the knowledge-based computable general equilibrium model is summed up as follows. Viewed from the employment aspect first, additional innovative activities turned out to increase the total demand of labor, increasing the demand for unskilled, skilled, and high-skilled labor all together. The demand for the high-skilled labor especially showed the highest increase rate. When examined by the industry, the high-tech manufacturing which invests heavily in R&D also showed the greatest rate of employment increase. In sequence, when viewed from the aspect of economic growth, additional innovative activities turned out to have a positive influence on economic growth, which led to the increase in all production elements’ added values. In the case of capital, high-skilled labor, and knowledge, however, while their weights in added values have increased, unskilled and skilled labors’ weights in added value turned out to have decreased by the capital-biased technology change and the skill-biased technology change. Accordingly, the foregoing turned out to have a bad influence on income distribution and deepened income polarization. Meanwhile, when viewed by the industry, due to the additional innovative activities, the output of the manufacturing industry turned out to show a higher increase rate than that of the service industry. |
| Keywords: | South Korea, General equilibrium modeling, Labor market issues |
| Date: | 2016–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:009007:9524&r=ino |
| By: | Doherr, Thorsten |
| Abstract: | Usually patent data does not contain any unique identifiers for the patenting assignees or the inventors, as the main tasks of patent authorities is the examination of applications and the administration of the patent documents as public contracts and not the support of the empirical analysis of their data. An inventor in a patent document is identified by his or her name. Depending on the patent authority the full address or parts of it may be included to further identify this inventor. The goal is to define an inventor mobility index that traces the career of an inventor as an individual with all the job switches and relocations approximated by the patents as potential milestones. The inventor name is the main criteria for this identifier. The inventor address information on the other hand is only of limited use for the definition of a mobility index. The name alone can work for exotic name variants, but for more common names the problem of namesakes gets in the way of identifying individuals. The solution discussed here consists in the construction of a relationship network between inventors with the same name. This network will be created by using all the other information available in the patent data. These could be simple connections like the same applicant or just the same home address, up to more complex connections that are created by the overlapping of colleagues and co-inventors, similar technology fields or shared citations. Traversal of these heuristically weighted networks by using methods of the graph theory leads to clusters representing a person. The applied methodology will give uncommon names a higher degree of freedom regarding the heuristic limitations than the more common names will get. |
| Keywords: | inventor disambiguation,patents,fuzzy search,heuristic method |
| JEL: | C81 C63 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:17018&r=ino |
| By: | Yeongjun Yeo; Yeongjun Yeo; SHIN, Ki-yoon; Jeong-Dong Lee |
| Abstract: | Nowadays, with increasing interests of demand-side innovation policy, there is needs for investigating public procurement policy aiming to strengthen the industrial competitiveness by expanding new markets with innovative activities. Public Procurement is regarded as the most effective policy for stimulating innovation in relevant sectors. Under this background, each countries in OECD spends about 15~20% of its GDP on public procurement, and most of the demands in industry and technology sector such as energy, environment, health, construction is stimulated by public procurement. Especially, in order to achieve both mitigating climate change and economic revitalization, the share of green public procurement which is public procurement for green products in total public procurement is enlarging among developed countries. Despite of the amount of public procurement, and policy significance and effectiveness, there is few study on the effects of public procurement for innovation and the macroeconomic analysis from public procurement. In addition, some empirical studies which investigated policy impact of green public procurement are also limited in partial equilibrium perspectives, and they did not show the integrated and macro-economic impact of public procurement. Therefore, with previous literature reviews, this study presents general equilibrium perspectives which can analyze environmental, economic, and social benefits from public procurement simultaneously. Based on the conceptual framework from the previous literature, this study will present empirical results of the impacts of green public procurement quantitatively by computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. To analyze the economic impacts of green public procurement, it is essential to represent the innovation activities and its contributions within the CGE model. For the analysis, we construct the knowledge-based social accounting matrix(SAM), which includes knowledge in factors of production and R&D investment under investment. In addition, we construct the knowledge-based CGE model to capture the innovation related activities, and its effects on the macroeconomic system. Main differences between the knowledge-based CGE model and conventional CGE model is that factors of production include knowledge, and investment includes R&D investment. Another difference is that industry-specific knowledge stock accumulated by R&D investment influences productivity of other industries through spillover effect. These features of knowledge-based CGE model enable us to understand various macro-economic effects of green public procurement(GPP) considering innovation related aspects. Although green public procurement(GPP) could have indirect and direct effects on the economy in terms of environmental, economic, and social perspectives, previous literature give us bounded information in understanding potential effects of the GPP. This is because most studies on the GPP are limited to a specific cases based on the theoretical or conceptual level, and analyzing its effect with partial equilibrium perspectives. Firstly, GPP can have environmental impacts through energy savings and reduction of greenhouse gases by reducing energy consumption with the procurement of energy efficient products by the public sectors. Each country including Korea has its own standards of energy efficiency for the products, and GPP is implemented as the government preferentially buy the products with high levels of energy efficiency. Secondly, the GPP can have economic impacts through creating and escalating the market, because the public sector take a role of lead consumer in green products and services. As a lead consumer, the public sector reduce market and technological uncertainties by specification of the demand of green technology and products. Thanks to the public sector, potential suppliers can escalate their pre-commercialization R&D and commercialization process. That is, GPP reduce the uncertainty across whole stage of production from development of new technology to diffusion of the products by specifying the information on demand for the industry, and it leads more innovation activity of suppliers and investment for the production. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the various impacts of green public procurement in environmental, and economic perspectives as discussed above. In addition, GPP’s main effects could appear in various pathways, including the environmental, economic, and social factors. Therefore, as an empirical study we will try to model those factors within the knolwedge-based CGE model. |
| Keywords: | South Korea, General equilibrium modeling, Impact and scenario analysis |
| Date: | 2016–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:009007:9519&r=ino |
| By: | Määttänen, Niku; Vihriälä, Vesa |
| Abstract: | Funding for research and education needs to be increased relative to the existing plans. This is difficult, given the state of the public finances. We propose three measures to solve the problem. 1. Industrial subsidies that do not support innovation activity should be reduced and the savings should be channelled to Tekes, the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation. 2. The government should sell shares in state-owned companies or transfer such shares to universities in order to rapidly strengthen universities’ capacity to improve research activity and education. 3. The universities and other higher education establishments should be allowed to charge moderate tuition fees to increase their resources on a permanent basis. The decisions on Tekes funding and transfer of resources to the universities should be taken by the government in its mid-term policy review in April. On the introduction of tuition fees the government should start preparatory work to allow a well-thought-through decision to be taken later. |
| Date: | 2017–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:58&r=ino |
| By: | Ammann, Manuel; Arnold, Marc; Straumann, Simon |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of investor information on financial innovation. We identify specific channels through which issuers of financially engineered products exploit retail investors by using their privileged access to information. Our results imply that imperfect investor information regarding volatility and dividends is crucial to explain the pricing and design of financially engineered products. We confirm our conjecture by exploiting a discontinuity in issuers' informational advantage. The insights are of systemic importance because they suggest that product issuers' behavior in the financial innovation market aggravates investor information problems of the financial system. |
| Keywords: | Structured Products, Investor Information, Financial Innovation |
| JEL: | D8 G34 M52 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usg:sfwpfi:2017:04&r=ino |
| By: | Andreas Stephan; Christopher BAUM,; Pardis NABAVI; Hans LÖÖF, |
| Abstract: | We evaluate a Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) approach to the estimation of the relationship between R&D, innovation and productivity that focuses on the potentially crucial heterogeneity across technology levels and sectors. see above see above |
| Keywords: | Sweden, Growth, Macroeconometric modeling |
| JEL: | C00 L00 O00 |
| Date: | 2015–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ekd:008007:8868&r=ino |
| By: | Sophie Pelle (GRESE - Groupe de Recherches Epistémologiques et Socio-Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Bernard Reber (CEVIPOF - Centre de Recherches Politiques de Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Responsible innovation (RI) has become a powerful tenet of the European Commission discourse on science and society. And yet, the concept has remained surprisingly under-theoretically developed by RI advocates, who appear to be more interested in investigating the ‘ingredients’ or ‘pillars’ of responsibility than the normative dimension of it. In order to fill this gap, the paper below will consider ‘moral responsibility’ in the context of supply chains and innovation networks. It will firstly scrutinize the conception of responsibility developed in corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches and what impact this conception might have on RI. Somewhat paradoxically, CSR approaches have been neglected by most RI theorists. It will then propose a conceptual mapping of the ten different meanings of responsibility that have emerged in moral philosophy, drawing on a distinction between negative and positive conceptions. Finally, it will scrutinize possible implementation of these various meanings of responsibility in supply chains and innovation networks. |
| Keywords: | Responsible innovation,Moral innovation,Corporate social responsibility,Moral responsibility,Supply chains |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01418017&r=ino |
| By: | Antonelli, Cristiano (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the full range of effects of knowledge properties and explains how knowledge properties such as transient appropriability, nonexhaustibility and indivisibility do not only have negative effects, but also positive ones. Knowledge externalities help reduce the cost of knowledge and imitation externalities reduce the revenue and profitability of innovations. Their effects need to be considered jointly in a single analytical framework. An analysis of their combined effects questions the scope of application of the “Arrovian postulate” according to which the limited appropriability of knowledge due to its uncontrolled dissemination reduces invention. This ignores spillovers of outside knowledge, which increase invention. These are the two opposing faces of the limited appropriability of knowledge. Policy implications suggest that along with public interventions designed to support the supply of knowledge and to compensate for missing incentives, much attention should be paid to all interventions that favour the dissemination of knowledge and the knowledge connectivity of the system. |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:201715&r=ino |
| By: | Cinzia Daraio (Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti (DIAG), University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a framework for the development of models for the assessment of research activities and their impacts. It distinguishes three dimensions: theory, methodology and data, each of which is further characterized by three main building blocks: education, research and innovation (theory); efficiency, effectiveness and impact (methodology); and availability, interoperability and \unit free" property (data). The different dimensions and their nine constituent building blocks are attributes of an overarching concept, denoted as "quality". Three additional quality attributes are identified as implementation factors (tailorability, transparency and openness) and three "enabling" conditions (convergence, mixed methods and knowledge infrastructures) complete the framework.The paper illustrates the complexity of the evaluation describing the generalized "implementation problem" in research assessment, according to the proposed framework. A framework is required to develop models of metrics. Models of metrics are necessary to assess the meaning, validity and robustness of metrics. The proposed framework can be a useful reference for the development of the ethics of research evaluation. Three examples of application, as well as further directions for future research are provided. |
| Keywords: | Evaluation of Research ; Efficiency ; Effectiveness ; Impacts ; Modelling ; Implementation Problem ; Responsible Metrics ; Ethics of Research Evaluation |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aeg:report:2017-04&r=ino |
| By: | Miglé Malinovskyte (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Caroline Mothe (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Charles-Clemens Rüling (GEM - Grenoble Ecole de Management - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)) |
| Abstract: | Le processus de concrétisation d’une aspiration identitaire dans les environnements complexes restant largement méconnu, les auteurs étudient ici le rôle de la légitimité dans ledit processus. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une étude de cas comparative de trois centres de culture scientifique, technologique et industrielle (CCSTI) qui partagent une aspiration commune à devenir des intermédiaires de l’innovation au sein de leurs territoires. Les résultats montrent que la construction d’une nouvelle identité organisationnelle oblige ces organisations à s’engager dans des activités de légitimation envers leurs parties prenantes. Ils permettent de mieux comprendre la manière dont les organisations gèrent la complexité institutionnelle. |
| Abstract: | The process by which identity aspirations are instantiated in institutionally complex environments remains largely unknown. The present study focuses on the role of legitimacy in this process through a comparative case study of three French Science Centers who share a common aspiration to become innovation intermediaries within their geographic regions. Our findings suggest that the construction of a new organizational identities demands that organizations engage in complex legitimation activities towards their stakeholders and thus contribute to understanding how organizations cope with institutional complexity. |
| Keywords: | legitimacy,organizational identity,identity aspiration ,institutional complexity,légitimité,aspiration identitaire,complexité institutionnelle,identité organisationnelle |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:gemptp:halshs-01496426&r=ino |
| By: | Emily J. Ozer; Amber Akemi Piatt; UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti |
| Abstract: | Undertaking youth-led participatory action research is an increasingly popular approach to advancing adolescent engagement and empowerment. This research - led by adolescents themselves - promotes social change and improves community conditions for healthy development. This brief reviews the theoretical and empirical rationales for youth-led participatory action research, its key principles, phases, practical implications and ethical issues.The brief is one of seven on research methodologies designed to expand and improve the conduct and interpretation of research on adolescent health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Building on the recent Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, these briefs provide an overview of the methodological quality of research on adolescents. They cover topics including: indicators and data sources; research ethics; research with disadvantaged, vulnerable and/or marginalized populations; participatory research; measuring enabling and protective systems for adolescent health; and economic strengthening interventions for improving adolescent well-being. |
| Keywords: | adolescents; participatory research; research methods; |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucf:inores:inores879&r=ino |