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on All new papers |
| By: | Caroline Mothe; Uyen T. Nguyen-Thi; Phu Nguyen-Van |
| Abstract: | We empirically investigate the pattern of complementarity between four organizational practices. Firm-level data were drawn from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in 2008 in Luxembourg. Supermodularity tests confirm the crucial role of organizational innovation in raising firms’ technological innovation. The pattern of complementarity between organizational practices differs according to the type of innovation, i.e. product or process innovation, but also according to whether the firm is in the first stage of the innovation process (i.e. being innovative or not) or in a later stage (i.e. innovation performance in terms of sales of new products). |
| Keywords: | Complementarity; Organizational innovation; Substitution; Supermodularity; Technological innovation |
| JEL: | D22 O32 |
| Date: | 2014–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-488&r=ino |
| By: | Spyros Arvanitis (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland); Florian Seliger (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this empirical paper is to identify characteristics of imitation and innovation and shed light on possible differences between these two kinds of innovative activity. Thus, it tries to answer the following questions: (a) what are the determinants of imitative performance compared to determinants of innovative performance and (b) what are the determinants of switching from imitative to innovative behavior compared to imitators and innovators showing persistence over time. The study is based on Swiss firm data. In sum, our findings indicate that imitating firms are significantly more ‘extroverted’ than innovating firms because their activities are much more related to external R&D activities and cooperation and medium-educated personnel. Innovating firms do not rely to the same extent on the exploration of external knowledge. Their rather ‘introverted’ behavior seems be more related with intense exploitation of internal resources. Further, the profiles of different types of innovating firms show that an innovation performance hierarchy exists ranking from occasional innovators through switchers to persistently innovating firms. |
| Keywords: | innovation, imitation |
| JEL: | O31 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kof:wpskof:14-367&r=ino |
| By: | Maja Savic (Department of Economics and International Development); Helen Lawton Smith (Department of Management, Birkbeck University of London); Ioannis Bournakis (Department of Management, Birkbeck University of London) |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:img:wpaper:18&r=ino |
| By: | Frederic Teulon |
| Abstract: | Joseph Schumpeter est un des derniers intellectuels a avoir eu une vision encyclopédique de l’économie et des sciences sociales. Il a développé une explication des cycles basé sur une théorie de l’innovation, de la « destruction créatrice » et des entrepreneurs qui cherchent à se créer des rentes de situation. Ainsi il existe une vision schumpétérienne de la croissance économique, celle-ci affirme que la productivité crée la croissance et qu'elle est fonction du changement technique. |
| Keywords: | Dynamique du capitalisme, Cycles économiques, Innovation, R&D. |
| JEL: | B0 |
| Date: | 2014–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-499&r=ino |
| By: | Dan Andrews; Chiara Criscuolo; Carlo Menon |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits longitudinal data on firm performance and patenting activity for 23 OECD countries over the period 2003-2010 to explore the extent to which changes in the patent stock are associated with flows of capital and labour to patenting firms. While the finding that patenting is associated with real changes in economic activity at the firm level is in line with recent literature, new empirical evidence presented suggests that the impact of patenting on firm size is likely to be causal. Moreover, these data reveal important differences across OECD countries in the extent to which innovative firms can attract the complementary tangible resources that are required to implement and commercialise new ideas. In turn, the contribution of framework policies to explaining the observed cross-country differences in the magnitude of these flows is explored. While further research is required to establish causality, the results are consistent with the idea that well-functioning product, labour and capital markets; efficient judicial systems and bankruptcy laws that do not overly penalise failure can raise the returns to innovative activity. The paper also investigates the heterogeneous impacts of policies and finds that young firms – which are more likely to experiment with disruptive technologies and rely on external financing to implement and commercialise their ideas – disproportionately benefit from reforms to labour markets and more developed markets for credit and seed and early stage finance. Les ressources convergent-elles vers les entreprises brevetantes ? : Éléments de comparaison entre pays à partir de données au niveau des entreprises Cette étude tire parti de données longitudinales sur les performances et l’activité de brevetage d’entreprises de 23 pays membres de l’OCDE sur la période 2003-2010 pour examiner dans quelle mesure des évolutions du stock de brevets sont associées à des flux de capitaux et de main-d’oeuvre en direction des entreprises brevetantes. Si l’observation que le brevetage est associé à des évolutions réelles de l’activité économique au niveau de l’entreprise concorde avec les publications récentes, les nouvelles observations empiriques présentées ici donnent à penser qu’il existe vraisemblablement un lien de causalité entre le dépôt de brevets et la taille de l’entreprise. De plus, ces données font apparaître d’importantes différences entre pays de l’OCDE quant à la mesure dans laquelle les entreprises innovantes peuvent attirer les ressources corporelles complémentaires requises pour mettre en oeuvre et commercialiser des idées nouvelles. L’étude explore ensuite la contribution de politiques cadres qui pourrait expliquer les différences observées entre pays dans l’ampleur de ces flux. Bien que des recherches complémentaires soient nécessaires pour établir une causalité, les résultats concordent avec l’idée que des marchés de produits, de main-d’oeuvre et de capitaux efficaces, des systèmes judiciaires efficients et des législations sur les faillites qui ne pénalisent pas indûment l’échec peuvent accroître les retours sur l’activité d’innovation. L’étude examine aussi les impacts hétérogènes des politiques et constate que les jeunes entreprises – qui sont davantage susceptibles d’expérimenter des technologies de rupture et de dépendre de financements externes pour la mise en oeuvre et la commercialisation de leurs idées – bénéficient beaucoup plus que les autres des réformes des marchés du travail et de marchés plus développés du crédit et du financement des phases d’amorçage et de démarrage. |
| Keywords: | firm growth, patents, innovation, reallocation, innovation, croissance des entreprises, brevets, réaffectation |
| Date: | 2014–06–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1127-en&r=ino |
| By: | Naomi Fukuzawa; Naomi Takanori Ida |
| Abstract: | We analyze the distributions of paper-paper and paper-patent citations and estimate the relationship between them, based on a sample of 4,763 published papers for which the corresponding authors were among the top 100 researchers in the life and medical sciences in Japan. We find that paper-paper citations peak at an average of 4 years after the publication of a paper, while the corresponding lag for paper-patent citations is 6 years. Although there is a time lag before papers can be put to practical use, this lag has shortened in recent years. Moreover, the quality of a paper is important for being cited by a patent, and a paper’s quality increases the number of paper-patent citations. In addition, we show that an inverse U-shaped relationship exists between the amount of research grant funding and research quality, and we can derive the efficient amount of research grant funding that maximizes research quality. We find that the relationship between research quality and the total number of papers written by the researcher(s) is U-shaped, and we derive the number of papers that minimizes research quality |
| Keywords: | Science linkages, Non-patent references, Technology transfer |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:dpaper:e-14-006&r=ino |
| By: | Anis Omri; Maha Ayadi-Frikha; Anissa Chaibi |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this article is to build a mediational model of small businesses success. We investigate how the human, social and financial capital of entrepreneurs influences the capacity of small business to succeed. Our objective is then to demonstrate that these capitals are converted into success through the process of innovation. Based on an analysis of data from 228 Tunisian micro-enterprises, we concluded that the effects of these capitals on businesses success were partially mediated by the process of innovation. Our paper extends the theoritical and empirical researches on entrepreneurship by building a mediational model of small business success. This model presents the indirect effect of the human, social and financial capital on small business success via their impact on innovation. |
| Keywords: | Mediational model, Innovation, Success; Small businesses, Tunisia. |
| JEL: | L26 |
| Date: | 2014–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-506&r=ino |
| By: | Reinhold Kosfeld (University of Kassel); Mirko Titze (IWH) |
| Abstract: | Although the phase of euphoria seems to be over, policymakers and regional agencies have maintained their interest in cluster policy. Modern cluster theory provides reasons for positive external effects that may accrue from interaction in a group of proximate enterprises operating in common and related fields. While there is some progress in locating clusters, in most cases only limited knowledge on the geographical extent of regional clusters is established. The present paper presents a hybrid approach to cluster identification. While dominant buyer-supplier relations are derived by qualitative input-output analysis (QIOA) from national I-O tables, potential regional clusters are identified by spatial scanning. This procedure is employed to identify clusters of German R&D intensive industries. In a sensitivity analysis, good robustness properties of the hybrid approach are revealed with respect to variations in the quantitative cluster composition. |
| Keywords: | National cluster templates, regional clusters, qualitative input-output analysis (QIOA), spatial scanning |
| JEL: | R12 R15 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201437&r=ino |
| By: | Andrea Saltelli; Catalin Dragomirescu-Gaina |
| Abstract: | This brief synthesizes doubts about the presently prevailing European Institutions’ narrative, which we will call ‘the received wisdom’. We concentrate on the long-term challenges and plead for more thinking on the allegedly positive relation between innovation, employment and growth in the face of opposing evidence coming from international organizations and academia. We argue that business as usual is not an option to deal with the present inequality and unemployment challenges. We suggest opening up the reflection to different economic paradigms, and to other sources of legitimate knowledge and scholarship, from bio-economics, to social inquiry and to non-neoclassical economics. Foremost, we argue that no progress is possible without reconsideration of normative questions such as ‘what’ do we wish to sustain and for ‘whom’. |
| Date: | 2014–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tth:wpaper:59&r=ino |
| By: | Stephan Müller (University of Göttingen); Georg von Wangenheim (University of Kassel) |
| Abstract: | That institutions matter is widely accepted among economists and so are social norms as an important category of informal institutions. Social norms matter in many economic situations, but in particular for markets. The economic literature has studied the interrelation between markets and social norms in both directions – how social norms affect markets and how markets affect social norms. Starting from these two perspectives, we add to the literature, by suggesting a new link between product markets and the evolution of social norms: we analyze how the evolution of a social norm may be affected by a product innovation which adds to the variation of products with respect to their level of norm compliance. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a) a positive impact of the innovation on the level of norm adoption and b) for multiplicity of norm equilibria. Finally we discuss policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Consumer Behavior – Social Norms – Evolutionary Economics – Sustainability – Innovation |
| JEL: | A13 D02 D11 Q01 Q55 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201432&r=ino |
| By: | Ricardo Monge-Gonzalez; Juan Antonio Rodriguez-Alvarez |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of two productive development programs (PDPs) in Costa Rica: PROPYME and CR Provee. The first seeks to increase the capacity of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) to innovate, and the second aims to increase backward linkages between Costa Rican SMEs and multinational companies operating in the country. The impacts of each program were measured in terms of three result variables: real average wages, employment demand, and the probability of exporting. A combination of fixed effects and propensity score matching techniques was used in estimations to correct for any selection bias. The results show that both PROPYME and CR Provee have positive and significant impacts on SME performance. PROPYME’s beneficiaries performed better than other firms in terms of labor demand and their probability of exporting, while firms treated by CR Provee showed higher average wages, labor demand, and chances of exporting than untreated firms. Firms treated simultaneously by both programs performed better in terms of average wages than those that were only treated by CR Provee. This result is of special interest to policymakers since it indicates the importance of bundling in the implementation of PDPs. The findings suggest that policies aimed at overcoming the weaknesses of these two programs are important for obtaining higher real wages, generating more employment, and increasing the probability of exporting by Costa Rican SMEs. |
| JEL: | C21 C23 D04 D22 F23 J23 O12 O25 O31 O38 O54 |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:wpaper:idb-wp-461&r=ino |
| By: | Muge Adalet McGowan |
| Abstract: | Danish productivity has grown only weakly over the past two decades, both historically and in relation to other countries, despite sound policies and institutions. At the same time, the country has lost export market shares. Denmark needs to continue its efforts to reap the benefits of globalisation, which would contribute to invigorating productivity growth. Fostering competition by removing regulatory barriers and improving public procurement would help. In addition, innovation policy needs to become more efficient and more in line with the growing importance of the service sector and knowledge-based capital. Small and medium-sized enterprises could be better integrated into global markets by improving their access to finance and developing the entrepreneurship culture. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Denmark (www.oecd.org/economic-surveydenmark. htm). Spécialisation commerciale et politiques de promotion de la concurrence et de l'innovation au Danemark La productivité danoise n’a progressé que modérément au cours des deux dernières décennies, en comparaison aux périodes passées et aux autres pays, malgré des politiques et des institutions de bonne qualité. En outre, le Danemark a perdu des parts de marché à l’exportation. Le pays doit poursuivre ses efforts pour tirer parti des retombées positives de la mondialisation, ce qui contribuerait à stimuler la croissance de la productivité. Il faudrait également promouvoir la concurrence en supprimant les obstacles réglementaires et en améliorant les procédures de marchés publics. En outre, les politiques d’innovation doivent gagner en efficacité et prendre davantage en compte l’importance croissante du secteur des services et du capital intellectuel. L’intégration des petites et moyennes entreprises dans les marchés mondiaux pourrait être renforcée en améliorant leur accès aux financements et en développant la culture entrepreneuriale. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE du Danemark, 2013 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-econom ique-danemark.htm). |
| Keywords: | Denmark, innovation, productivity, small and medium-sized enterprises, competition, regulation, trade specialisation, global value chains, export market shares, chaînes de valeur mondiales, parts de marché à l’exportation, réglementation, spécialisation commerciale, petites et moyennes entreprises, productivité, innovation, Danemark, concurrence |
| JEL: | D24 F1 O3 O4 |
| Date: | 2014–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1118-en&r=ino |