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on Innovation |
| By: | Hottenrott, Hanna; Lopes-Bento, Cindy |
| Abstract: | R&D collaboration facilitates pooling of complementary skills, learning from the partner as well as sharing risks and costs. Research therefore repeatedly stressed the positive relationship between collaborative R&D and innovation performance. Collaboration, however, involves transaction costs in form of coordination and monitoring efforts and requires knowledge disclosure. This study explicitly considers a firm's collaboration intensity, that is, the share of collaborative R&D projects in a firms' total R&D projects in a sample of mostly small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). We can confirm previous findings in terms of gains for innovation performance, but also show that collaboration has decreasing and even negative returns on product innovation if its intensity increases above a certain threshold. In particular, costs start outweighing benefits if a firm pursues more than about two thirds of its R&D projects in collaboration. -- |
| Keywords: | innovation performance,product innovation,R&D partnerships,collaboration intensity,SMEs,transaction costs,selection model,endogenous switching |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:154&r=ino |
| By: | Wei Jin (School of Public Policy, Zhejiang University); ZhongXiang Zhang (School of Economics, Fudan University) |
| Abstract: | Whether China maintains its business-as-usual energy-intensive growth trajectory or changes to a sustainable development alternative has significant implications for global energy and climate governance. This paper is motivated to theoretically examine ChinaÕs potential transition from its energy-intensive status quo to an innovation-oriented growth prospect. We develop an economic growth model that incorporates the endogenous mechanism of technological innovation and its interaction with fossil energy use and the environment. We find that from an initial condition with a pristine environment and a small amount of capital installation, the higher dynamic benefits of physical investment will incentivize the investment in physical capital rather than R&D-related innovation. Accumulation of the energy-consuming capital thus leads to an intensive use of fossil energy - an energy-intensive growth pattern. But if the mechanism of R&D-related innovation is introduced into the economy, until the dynamic benefit of R&D is equalized with that of capital investment, the economy embarks on R&D for innovation. As a result, the economy will evolve along an innovation-oriented balanced growth path where consumption, physical capital and technology all grow, fossil energy consumptions decline, and environmental quality improves. |
| Keywords: | technological innovation, energy consumption, economic growth model |
| JEL: | Q55 Q58 Q43 Q48 O13 O31 O33 O44 F18 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:ccepwp:1412&r=ino |
| By: | Hottenrott, Hanna; Lopes-Bento, Cindy; Veugelers, Reinhilde |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effects of an R&D subsidy scheme on participating firms' net R&D investment. Making use of a specific policy design in Belgium that explicitly distinguishes between research and development grants, we estimate direct and cross-scheme effects on research versus development intensities in recipients firms. We find positive direct effects from research (development) subsidies on net research (development) spending. This direct effect is larger for research grants than for development grants. We also find cross-scheme effects that may arise due to complementarity between research and development activities. Finally, we find that the magnitude of the treatment effects depends on firm size and age and that there is a minimum effective grant size, especially for research projects. The results support the view that public subsidies induce higher additional investment particularly in research where market failures are larger, even when the subsidies are targeting development. -- |
| Keywords: | R&D,Complementarity,Research Subsidies,Development Subsidies,Innovation Policy |
| JEL: | H23 O31 O38 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:152&r=ino |
| By: | Hori, Takeo; Yamagami, Hiroaki |
| Abstract: | We construct a research and development (R&D) based endogenous growth model with exhaustible resources and investigate whether protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) can sustain perpetual growth. We show that relatively weak IPR protection is sufficient to sustain perpetual growth when goods production is more resource-intensive, whereas relatively strong IPR protection is needed for perpetual growth if production is less resource-intensive. If the resource intensity in goods production is medium, even the strictest IPR protection cannot sustain perpetual growth when the quality improvements brought about by innovations are small enough. In this case, we find that R&D subsidies can complement IPR protection in sustaining perpetual growth. We derive the socially optimal level of IPR protection, which is increasing in the resource intensity of goods production. Furthermore, we also consider a case where resource is essential for R&D activities and show a knife-edge condition for perpetual growth. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous growth; Exhaustible resource; Innovation; Intellectual property rights protection; Patent breadth |
| JEL: | L50 O30 P28 |
| Date: | 2014–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:58064&r=ino |
| By: | Bozeman, Barry (Arizona State University); Link, Albert N. (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Five important policy initiatives were promulgated in response to the slowdown in U.S. productivity in the early-1970s, and then again in the late-1970s and early-1980s. These initiatives included the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, the Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980, the R&E Tax Credit of 1981, the Small Business Innovation and Development Act of 1982, and the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984. Scholars and policy-makers have long debated the direction and magnitude of impacts from these policies but empirical evidence remains modest, especially evidence of their aggregate effects. Our assessment of these policies is based on quantifying their collective impact on industrial investments in R&D in the post-productivity slowdown period. Our findings support the conclusion that the relative levels of industrial investments in R&D from 1980 forward were significantly higher than before, ceteris paribus. |
| Keywords: | technology; innovation; R&D; policy assessment |
| JEL: | H50 O31 O33 O47 |
| Date: | 2014–08–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2014_005&r=ino |
| By: | Daria Ciriaci (JRC-IPTS); Pietro Moncada-Paternò-Castello (JRC-IPTS); Peter Voigt (University of Barcelona, IEB) |
| Abstract: | This study examines growth patterns of innovative and non innovative firms and, in this regard, whether being an innovator determines company trajectories; i.e. whether there are systematic differences in the persistence of the jobs created by innovating vs. non-innovating firms. For this purpose, a semi-parametric quantile regression approach has been adopted examining serial correlation in employment by drawing on a unique longitudinal dataset of 3,300 Spanish firms over the years 2002-2009, obtained by matching different waves of the Spanish Encuesta sobre Innovacion en las Empresas, the Spanish innovation survey, which is administered every year by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). The empirical results of the study indicate that among those firms experiencing high organic employment growth, smaller and younger innovative firms grow more, at average, than larger innovative firms. Moreover, the jobs created by innovative firms, in general, appear to be rather persistent over time whereas those created by non innovative firms do not. Among declining firms, non-innovators tend to deteriorate faster in terms of economic performance. Overall, evidence suggests that being innovative supports and stabilizes a firm's organic employment growth pattern and being smaller and younger seems to be a sufficient condition to experience high employment growth, i.e. – with regard to the latter – it is not necessary to have a comparably high R&D spending / being an R&D intensive company. |
| Keywords: | Serial correlation; quantile regression; Spanish firms; firm size, firms age; job creation; YICs |
| JEL: | L11 L25 |
| Date: | 2013–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:wpaper:201301&r=ino |
| By: | Leyden, Dennis (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics); Link, Albert (University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper models the entrepreneurial process as both creation and discovery composed of an iterative two-step process where entrepreneurs create social networks based on subjective expectations about the future effectiveness of those networks, and then choose the innovation to pursue and map a search process to discover how to bring the innovation to fruition. Critical to this process is the mix of strong ties and weak ties that make up social networks and the ability to carry forward the social capital embodied in such networks. The tendency of long-existing entrepreneurs to be less innovative can be explained using this model. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; social networks; innovation; technology |
| JEL: | L26 M13 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–08–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:uncgec:2014_004&r=ino |
| By: | Pietro Moncada-Paterno-Castello (JRC-IPTS); Fernando Hervás Soriano (JRC-IPTS); Sandro Montresor (Universita de Bologna); Antonio Vezzani (JRC-IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The document intends to summarise the main results of the CONCORDi-2013 Conference. Session 1 introduces the rationale and the objectives of the Conference; section 2 summarises the contribution of the keynote speakers; section 3 and 4 will sum up the main results of the Parallel Sessions; session 5 introduces the Best Paper Award, whereas section 6 briefly reports on the discussion made by the policy stakeholders, and, finally section 7 recapitulates the main conclusions. |
| Keywords: | CONCORDi |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc86067&r=ino |
| By: | Isabelle Leroux (GRANEM, Université d'Angers); Paul Muller (Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux, INRA); Béatrice Plottu (GRANEM, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, Agroalimentaires, Horticoles et du Paysage (Agrocampus Ouest)); Caroline Widehem (GRANEM, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, Agroalimentaires, Horticoles et du Paysage (Agrocampus Ouest)) |
| Abstract: | Par le financement de projets collaboratifs, la politique française des pôles de compétitivité implique une approche particulière de l’innovation ouverte portant principalement sur la co-construction et le partage d’une ressource commune aux partenaires du projet. Ceci peut impliquer une remise en question des pratiques d’innovation ouverte et de nouvelles contraintes et opportunités amenant les entreprises à envisager une évolution de leur business model. Cependant, de telles évolutions peuvent être entravées par des freins internes et externes. Le rôle d’intermédiation joué par les instances d’animation, de coordination et de transfert des pôles de compétitivité est essentiel pour les lever. |
| Abstract: | The French « Pôles de compétitivité » policy notably entails the financing of collaborative projects. This gives rise to a particular approach to open innovation that mainly relies on the co-constructing and the sharing of a resource common to stakeholders. This may entail a questioning of current innovation practices, thus giving rise to new constraints and opportunities lead firms to reconsider their business model. However, internal and external constraints may impede their evolution. Governing bodies of « Pôles de compétitivité » play a central role in releasing stakeholders from those impediments as they act as innovation intermediaries. |
| Keywords: | business model innovation, open innovation, competitiveness cluster, innovation intermediary, innovation, innovation ouverte, intermédiaire d'innovation, modèlepôle de competitiviteintermédiation |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inr:wpaper:262467&r=ino |
| By: | Arntz, Melanie; Gregory, Terry |
| Abstract: | Concerns have been raised that demographic ageing may weaken the competitiveness of knowledge-based economies and increase regional disparities. The age-creativity link is however far from clear at the aggregate level. Contributing to this debate, we estimate the causal effect of the workforce age structure on patenting activities for local labour markets in Germany using a flexible knowledge production function and accounting for potential endogeneity of the regional workforce structure. Overall, our results suggest that younger workers boost regional innovations, but this effect partly hinges on the presence of older workers as younger and older workers turn out to be complements in the production of knowledge. With demographic aging mainly increasing the older workforce and shrinking the younger one, our results imply that innovation levels in ageing societies may drop in the future. Moreover, differences in the regional age structure currently explain around a sixth of the innovation gap across German regions. -- |
| Keywords: | regional innovation system,demographic ageing,knowledge production function,regional disparities,age complementarities |
| JEL: | R12 R23 J11 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:14050&r=ino |
| By: | Susan Alexander (Minerva S.àr.l.); Ruth Bloomberg |
| Abstract: | This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months. The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts. |
| Keywords: | European research and innovation policy, Innovation Union, ERAWATCH, European Research Area, Policy Mixes, Transnational and International Cooperation, NETWATCH, ERA Nets, Foresight, Joint programming of research, Researchers, Universities |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc83902&r=ino |
| By: | Agne Paliokaite (Visionary Analytics) |
| Abstract: | This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months. The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts. |
| Keywords: | European research and innovation policy, Innovation Union, ERAWATCH, European Research Area, Policy Mixes, Transnational and International Cooperation, NETWATCH, ERA Nets, Foresight, Joint programming of research, Researchers, Universities |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc83901&r=ino |
| By: | Brian Warrington |
| Abstract: | This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months. The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts. |
| Keywords: | European research and innovation policy, Innovation Union, ERAWATCH, European Research Area, Policy Mixes, Transnational and International Cooperation, NETWATCH, ERA Nets, Foresight, Joint programming of research, Researchers, Universities |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc83904&r=ino |
| By: | Osmundsen, Petter (UiS) |
| Abstract: | Substantial elements of innovation have been observable during recent years in rig supply, in particular regarding contracts and organisation. This trend has been driven by the fact that rising costs over many years have put profitability under pressure. On the basis of theory and available empirical insights, the paper outlines the conditions where specific organisational and contractual solutions are best suited. Optimum rig procurement will depend in part on whether the oil companies have time-critical drilling targets, the ability and willingness of the parties to bear risk and the purchaser's competence and capacity to manage and follow up procurement. |
| Keywords: | Innovation in the supply and procurement of rig services Rig services; contracts; organisation; innovation |
| JEL: | G34 L60 M10 |
| Date: | 2014–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:stavef:2014_009&r=ino |
| By: | Radu Gheorghiu (Romanian Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: | This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months. The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts. |
| Keywords: | European research and innovation policy, Innovation Union, ERAWATCH, European Research Area, Policy Mixes, Transnational and International Cooperation, NETWATCH, ERA Nets, Foresight, Joint programming of research, Researchers, Universities |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc83910&r=ino |
| By: | Snorri Björn Sigurðsson (Byggdastofnun) |
| Abstract: | This analytical country report is one of a series of annual ERAWATCH reports produced for EU Member States and Countries Associated to the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Union (FP7). The main objective of the ERAWATCH Annual Country Reports is to characterise and assess the performance of national research systems and related policies in a structured manner that is comparable across countries. The Country Report 2012 builds on and updates the 2011 edition. The report identifies the structural challenges of the national research and innovation system and assesses the match between the national priorities and the structural challenges, highlighting the latest developments, their dynamics and impact in the overall national context. They further analyse and assess the ability of the policy mix in place to consistently and efficiently tackle these challenges. These reports were originally produced in December 2012, focusing on policy developments over the previous twelve months. The reports were produced by independent experts under direct contract with IPTS. The analytical framework and the structure of the reports have been developed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies of the Joint Research Centre (JRC-IPTS) and Directorate General for Research and Innovation with contributions from external experts. |
| Keywords: | European research and innovation policy, Innovation Union, ERAWATCH, European Research Area, Policy Mixes, Transnational and International Cooperation, NETWATCH, ERA Nets, Foresight, Joint programming of research, Researchers, Universities |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc85291&r=ino |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies - ICT Policy and Strategies Private Sector Development - E-Business Technology Industry Education - Knowledge for Development Tertiary Education Industry |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:16580&r=ino |
| By: | Bergantino, Angela Stefania; Capozza, Claudia; De Carlo, Angela |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sit:wpaper:13_03&r=ino |
| By: | Dorner, Matthias (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Bender, Stefan (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Harhoff, Dietmar; Hoisl, Karin; Scioch, Patrycja |
| Abstract: | "This report describes the generation of a linked employer-inventor data set, the MPI-IC-IAB-Inventor Data 2002 (MIID 2002), using methods of record linkage. The MIID 2002 combines patent register data comprising inventors residing in Germany and who are listed on patent filings with the DPMA in 2002, with administrative labor market biography data on employees. Labor market biographies originate from social security records and are provided by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). Our matched data comprises 46,180 unique employee-inventor pairs who were involved in the filing of 42,435 patents with the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA) in 2002. With its rich scope of variables combining individual and establishment characteristics with patent and inventor related information, the MIID 2002 provides a novel register based data set for research on inventors and their patenting activities in the context of the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Datensatzbeschreibung, Patente, Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien, Erfindung, Methodenliteratur |
| Date: | 2014–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfme:201406_en&r=ino |
| By: | Douglas C. Lippoldt; Mark F. Schultz |
| Abstract: | This paper takes stock of the protection of trade secrets for a sample of 37 countries, provides historical data for the period since 1985, and considers the relationship of the stringency of the protection of trade secrets to relevant economic performance indicators. The paper finds that there has been a notable increase in the stringency of trade secrets protection in a broad sample of countries during the period from 1985 to 2010. The paper also finds a positive association between the stringency of trade secrets protection and key indicators of innovation and international economic flows. Further details of the methodology and additional country data can be found in the background paper provided in phase I of the OECD trade secrets project [OECD Trade Policy Paper No. 162]. |
| Keywords: | intellectual property rights, economic assessment, trade secrets, trade secrets protection index |
| JEL: | F13 O34 |
| Date: | 2014–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:traaab:167-en&r=ino |
| By: | Dutz, Mark A.; O'Connell, Stephen D.; Troncoso, Javier L. |
| Abstract: | This paper assembles novel data on the Chilean wine industry to investigate the role of investments in knowledge capital on sales growth in domestic and international markets. The study uses archival data collected from the Government of Chile to compile and categorize public expenditures and programs supporting the Chilean wine industry over the period of 1990-2012 into investment in different types of knowledge capital. These spending categories are related to industry-level sales growth. The paper finds that the most important correlate is spending on research and development. The study also uses data from a new survey of Chilean wine firms to capture information on firm-specific investments in knowledge capital. The findings show that investments in collaboration capital, in particular hiring foreign consultants, as well as participation in international wine fairs are the strongest correlates of growth in export sales, while spending on aspects of branding (local advertising and brand design) are the strongest correlates of domestic market sales growth. |
| Keywords: | Investment and Investment Climate,E-Business,ICT Policy and Strategies,Markets and Market Access,Economic Theory&Research |
| Date: | 2014–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6983&r=ino |
| By: | OCDE |
| Abstract: | Le secteur de l’éducation est l’un de ceux qui génère le plus d’emplois innovants pour les diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur en Europe, davantage que d’autres secteurs publics, tels que la santé et l’administration publique. La forme la plus courante d’innovation est celle des savoirs ou méthodes ; dans ce domaine, le secteur de l’éducation devance tous les autres secteurs d’activité. Au sein du secteur de l’éducation, l’enseignement supérieur est bien plus innovant que l’enseignement primaire et secondaire, et compte globalement parmi les secteurs d’activité les plus innovants en matière de savoirs ou méthodes. |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:eduaag:24-fr&r=ino |
| By: | Jumana Qamruddin; Collins Chansa; Ashis Das |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Finance Health Systems Development and Reform Health Monitoring and Evaluation Disease Control and Prevention Housing and Human Habitats Communities and Human Settlements Health, Nutrition and Population |
| Date: | 2013–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:18684&r=ino |