|
on Innovation |
| By: | Francesco Venturini |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses whether the most important R&D technologies at the roots of second-generation Schumpeterian growth theories are consistent with patenting and innovation statistics. Using US manufacturing industry data, we estimate various systems of simultaneous equations modeling the innovation functions underlying growth frameworks based on variety expansion, diminishing technological opportunities and rent protection activities. Our evidence indicates that innovation functions characterized by the increasing difficulty of R&D activity fit US data better. This finding relaunches the debate on the soundness of the new Schumpeterian strand of endogenous growth literature. |
| Keywords: | R&D, patenting, Schumpeterian growth, US manufacturing. |
| JEL: | O31 O41 O42 |
| Date: | 2011–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pia:wpaper:94/2011&r=ino |
| By: | Catherine Beaudry |
| Abstract: | Using the four Biotechnology Uses and Development surveys of Statistics Canada, we analyse the relative importance of funding and support as well as collaboration and contracting, R&D and IP strategies on the propensity to patent of Canadian biotechnology firms. Our model accounts for the potential endogeneity due to the simultaneity of some of these strategies. Controlling for various firm characteristics, the stage of development of the firm and the sources of its revenues, we find that collaboration with other firms does matter for patenting, as well as R&D, even when controlling for potential endogeneity. IP strategies and contracting out activities also increase the propensity of a firm to patent. And so does angel and venture capital funding. <P> |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Patents, Collaboration, Contracts, R&D, Biotechnology, |
| Date: | 2011–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2011s-62&r=ino |
| By: | Lööf , Hans (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology); Johansson, Börje (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the contribution to productivity of firms’ internal innovation efforts and spatially-specific factors. A dynamic GMM-estimator is applied to a panel of close to 3,000 firms located in 81 Swedish regions and observed over a 10-year period. The magnitude of benefits from the knowledge milieu of an agglomeration is sizeable, but varies between firms depending on their particular R&D-strategy and location within a metropolitan region. |
| Keywords: | R&D; innovation-strategy; productivity; metropolitan; externalities |
| JEL: | C23 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2011–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0260&r=ino |
| By: | Kuroiwa, Ikuo; Nabeshima, Kaoru; Tanaka, Kiyoyasu |
| Abstract: | The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using Japanese patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw little change, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common field of prominent technology is "electronic circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries. |
| Keywords: | East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, Technological innovations, Industrial technology, Patents, Technology transfer, Electronics, Telecommunication, Innovation network, Patent statistics |
| JEL: | L6 L63 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2011–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper285&r=ino |
| By: | Nabeshima, Kaoru; Tanaka, Kiyoyasu |
| Abstract: | The growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using U.S. patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw gradual changes, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common fields of prominent technology are electronics and semiconductors. Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronics technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries. Together with our prior work, the Japanese and U.S. data produce similar conclusions about innovation networks. |
| Keywords: | East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, United States, Industrial technology, Technological innovations, Patents, Electronics, Innovation Network, Patent Statistics, Korea |
| JEL: | O31 O33 L6 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper297&r=ino |
| By: | John Van Reenen |
| Abstract: | In the last CentrePiece, John Van Reenen stressed the importance of competition and labour market flexibility for productivity growth. His latest in CEP's 'big ideas' series describes the impact of research on how policy-makers can influence innovation more directly - through tax credits for business spending on research and development. |
| Keywords: | R&D, competition, patents, tax system |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:346&r=ino |
| By: | DAVID KUPFER; Ana Paula Avellar |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2009:151&r=ino |
| By: | Hélène Latzer |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the analysis of the effects of demand structure on longterm growth. Introducing non-homothetic preferences in an otherwise standard quality- model, we first show that disparities in purchasing power generate positive R&D investment by quality leaders. This result is obtained with complete equal treatment in the R&D field between the incumbent patentholder and the challengers as well as without any concavity in the R&D cost function: in our framework, the incentive for a leader to invest in R&D stems from the possibility for an incumbent having innovated twice in a row to efficiently discriminate between rich and poor consumers displaying differences in their willingness to pay for quality. We hence exemplify a so far overlooked demand-driven rationale for innovation by incumbents. We then move to analyzing the impact of inequalities on long-term growth in our quality-ladder framework, and find that a lower level of wealth disparities always leads to an increase in the long-run growth rate. Finally, we show that beyond this negative impact on growth, inequalities also influence the allocation of the overall R&D effort between incumbents and challengers: a higher level of inequalities will in most cases lead to a bigger share of the overall R&D investment to be carried out by quality leaders. |
| Keywords: | Growth, Innovation, Income inequalities. |
| JEL: | O3 O4 F4 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2011-20&r=ino |
| By: | Friedrici, Karola; Hakenes, Hendrik |
| Abstract: | Research can be carried out in academia, or in the private sector, or as a mixture, for example as privately funded academic research. We develop a theoretical framework in which private research funding (PRF) transfers information about the value of a research project from the private sector into academia, in an incentive compatible way. PRF dominates neither pure academia nor private research. We derive predictions about the optimal sequence of research designs, and about the optimal duration of a project within different designs. For example, PRF is never optimal if not preceded by pure academical research. We compare our results with stylized facts. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Research Funding, Research Finance, R\& D, Academia, University Finance. |
| JEL: | L33 H52 O31 |
| Date: | 2011–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-481&r=ino |
| By: | Tom Broekel (Institute of Economic and Cultural Geography, Leibniz University of Hanover); Antje Schimke (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)); Thomas Brenner (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg) |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the contribution of cooperative and non-cooperative R&D subsidies to firm growth. Of particular interest is hereby firms’ embeddedness into subsidized cooperation networks. For the empirical analysis we utilize an unbalanced panel of 2.199 German manufacturing firms covering the time period from 1999 to 2009. A dynamic panel estimation technique is employed to control for growth autocorrelation as well as endogeneity. Our findings show that non-cooperative R&D subsidies have a stimulating impact on large firms’ employment growth. In contrast being engaged in many subsidized cooperation is related to significant growth-reducing effects. In the case of large firms, exceptions are subsidized cooperation with geographically distant firms, which can positively influence employment growth. For small firms, rather interactions with research organizations are found to facilitate their development. |
| Keywords: | R&D subsidies, cooperation network, firm growth, serial correlation |
| JEL: | H25 J23 D85 |
| Date: | 2011–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pum:wpaper:2011-04&r=ino |
| By: | Broekel, Tom; Schimke, Antje; Brenner, Thomas |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the contribution of cooperative and non-cooperative R&D subsidies to firm growth. Of particular interest is hereby firms' embeddedness into subsidized cooperation networks. For the empirical analysis we utilize an unbalanced panel of 2.199 German manufacturing firms covering the time period from 1999 to 2009. A dynamic panel estimation technique is employed to control for growth autocorrelation as well as endogeneity. Our findings show that non-cooperative R&D subsidies have a stimulating impact on large firms' employment growth. In contrast being engaged in many subsidized cooperation is related to significant growth-reducing effects. In the case of large firms, exceptions are subsidized cooperation with geographically distant firms, which can positively influence employment growth. For small firms, rather interactions with research organizations are found to facilitate their development. -- |
| Keywords: | R&D subsidies,cooperation network,firm growth,serial correlation |
| JEL: | H25 J23 D85 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitwps:34&r=ino |
| By: | Florin Paun (Laboratoire de recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale) |
| Abstract: | L'analyse de l'évolution des modèles d'innovation, d'une perception comme processus linéaire (" le concept " chez Schumpeter, " le R&D chez Abernathy, Utterback, ou " la co-innovation " chez Shapiro), comme processus intégré et systémique (" coordination procès " chez Hardy, Jansiti, Chen, " management innovant" chez Tucker) vers une perception globale du total innovation management (les trois totalités de XU), permet de comprendre aussi l'évolution des pratiques et des acteurs de l'innovation. Ces travaux de recherche identifient l'importance de nouveaux outils pour favoriser le transfère de technologie. L'auteur introduit, grâce à ses recherches économiques sur les acteurs et les processus d'innovation ressourcés dans son expérience de travail avec les PME innovantes en France, le concept de "Demand Readiness Level " (DRL), une échelle complémentaire au TRL (Technology Readiness Level) qui sera capable d'identifier le dégrée de maturité de l'expression d'une demande d'innovation par un acteur du marché, y inclut les marchés de l'éco-innovation. Le cas des PME sera analysé en particulier avec l'identification des " asymétries des acteurs du processus d'innovation " (Paun, 2009) : asymétries de risque financier, asymétries culturelles, technologiques qui devront être gérées (réduites ou compensées) pour favoriser la création de valeur à travers l'innovation. |
| Keywords: | Transfer de technologie, asymétries, innovation, éco-innovation, PME |
| Date: | 2011–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00628978&r=ino |
| By: | Jérôme Danguy; Bruno Van Pottelsberghe |
| Abstract: | This paper puts forward a sustainable fee structure for the EU Patent (COMPAT). The proposal includes pre-grant and post-grant fees and illustrates the differences between Euro-direct applications and PCT applications. The break-even analysis shows that the COMPAT would make the European patent system more attractive with significantly lower relative costs. At the same time, the new schedule provides a financially sustainable model for the system by preserving relatively high absolute fees and allowing for a fee reduction for small innovative firms and public research organizations. |
| Keywords: | European patent system; Fees; EU patent |
| JEL: | O34 P14 K41 |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/100928&r=ino |
| By: | Gilson Geraldino Silva Jr |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2009:140&r=ino |
| By: | Tim Leunig; Joachim Voth |
| Abstract: | New inventions are good for economic growth, but equally important are improvements in the way we make things - what's known as process innovation. Tim Leunig and Joachim Voth measure the impact of two such innovations - mechanical cotton spinning and the motorcar assembly line - on the world's material wellbeing. |
| Keywords: | Process innovations, new goods, welfare, consumer surplus, mechanisation, mass production, automobiles, cotton, industrial revolution, second industrial revolution |
| JEL: | N22 N24 O31 O40 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:347&r=ino |
| By: | James Bessen; Alessandro Nuvolari |
| Abstract: | This chapter documents instances from past centuries where inventors freely shared knowledge of their innovations with other inventors. It is widely believed that such knowledge sharing is a recent development, as in Open Source Software. Our survey shows, instead, that innovators have long practiced ?collective invention? at times, including in such key technologies as steam engines, iron, steel, and textiles. Generally, innovator behavior was substantially richer than the heroic portrayal often found in textbooks and museums. Knowledge sharing sometimes coexisted with patenting, at other times, not, suggesting the importance of policy that accommodates knowledge sharing to foster cumulative innovation. |
| Keywords: | technological change, knowledge sharing, collective invention, patents |
| JEL: | N70 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2011–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2011/21&r=ino |
| By: | Yasusada Murata (Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University); Ryo Nakajima (Department of Economics, Yokohama National University); Ryosuke Okamoto (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies); Ryuichi Tamura (Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba) |
| Abstract: | The existence of localized knowledge spillovers found by Jaffe, Trajtenberg and Henderson (1993) has recently been challenged by Thompson and Fox-Kean (2005). To settle this debate, we develop a new approach by incorporating their concepts of control patents into the distance-based test of localization (Duranton and Overman, 2005). Using microgeographic data, we identify localization distance for each technology class while allowing for cross-boundary spillovers, unlike the existing literature where localization is detected at the state or metropolitan statistical area level. We find solid evidence supporting localized knowledge spillovers even when finer controls are used. We further relax the commonly made assumption of perfect controls, and show that the majority of technology classes exhibit localization unless hidden biases induced by imperfect controls are extremely large. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:11-11&r=ino |
| By: | Jérôme Danguy; Bruno Van Pottelsberghe |
| Abstract: | For more than 40 years, governments and professional associations have acted, voted or lobbied against the implementation of the Community Patent (COMPAT, officially called the EU Patent). The econometric results and simulations presented in this paper suggest that, thanks to its attractiveness in terms of market size and a sound renewal fee structure, the COMPAT would drastically reduce the relative patenting costs for applicants while generating more income for the European Patent Office and most National Patent Offices. The loss of economic rents (€400 million would be lost by patent attorneys, translators and lawyers) and the drop of controlling power by national patent offices elucidate further the observed resistance to the Community Patent. |
| Keywords: | patent systems, community patent, patenting cost, renewal fees, m |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/101071&r=ino |
| By: | Ramana Nanda (Harvard Business School, Entrepreneurial Management Unit); Matthew Rhodes-Kropf (Harvard Business School, Entrepreneurial Management Unit) |
| Abstract: | We find that VC-backed firms receiving their initial investment in hot markets are less likely to IPO, but conditional on going public are valued higher on the day of their IPO, have more patents and have more citations to their patents. Our results suggest that VCs invest in riskier and more innovative startups in hot markets (rather than just worse firms). This is true even for the most experienced VCs. Furthermore, our results suggest that the flood of capital in hot markets also plays a causal role in shifting investments to more novel startups - by lowering the cost of experimentation for early stage investors and allowing them to make riskier, more novel, investments. |
| Keywords: | Venture Capital, Innovation, Market Cycles, Financing Risk |
| JEL: | G24 G32 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hbs:wpaper:12-032&r=ino |
| By: | GILSON GERALDINO SILVA JR (UNIVERSIDADE CATOLICA DE BRASILIA; UCB)) |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2010:180&r=ino |
| By: | Jakub Growiec (National Bank of Poland, Economic Institute) |
| Abstract: | We derive the aggregate normalized CES production function from idea-based microfoundations where firms are allowed to choose their capital- and labor-augmenting technology optimally from a menu of available technologies. This menu is in turn augmented through factor-specific R&D. The considered model yields a number of interesting results. First, normalization of the production function can be maintained simultaneously at the local and at the aggregate level, greatly facilitating interpretation of the aggregate production function’s parameters in terms of the underlying idea distributions. Second, in line with earlier findings, if capital- and labor-augmenting ideas are independently Weibull-distributed then the aggregate production function is CES; if they are independently Pareto-distributed, then it is Cobb–Douglas. Third, by disentangling technology choice by firms from R&D output, one can draw a clearcut distinction between the direction of R&D and the direction of technical change actually observed in the economy, which are distinct concepts. Fourth, it is argued that the Weibull distribution should be a good approximation of the true unit factor productivity distribution (and thus the CES should be a good approximation of the true aggregate production function) if a “technology” is in fact an assembly of a large number of complementary components. This argument is illustrated with a novel, tractable model of directed (factor-specific) R&D. Finally, it is shown that all our results carry forward to the general case of n-input production functions. |
| Keywords: | CES production function, normalization, Weibull distribution, direction of technical change, directed R&D, optimal technology choice |
| JEL: | E23 E25 O47 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbp:nbpmis:98&r=ino |
| By: | He, Qichun |
| Abstract: | We study how entrepreneurs and households share the monopolistic profit from inventions would affect growth. The share to the entrepreneur is called entrepreneur's inventive incentive (EII). First, there are two representative agents (a borrowing entrepreneur and a household who provides the financing capital), both making intertemporal savings decisions. Second, the two agents sign credit contracts to deal with asymmetric information. A larger EII elicits more entrepreneurs' effort, increasing the monopolistic profit from innovations (a "bigger cake" effect); it, however, leaves a smaller share of the cake to households. Initially, the former effect dominates, but beyond a point, the latter effect dominates. As the cake becomes bigger, if the creditor's share gets too small, her return (the product of the size of the cake and her share in the cake) may decrease and she would be less willing to save to finance R&D. Therefore, growth is an inverted-U function of EII. |
| Keywords: | Two Representative Agents; Credit Market Imperfection; Credit Contract; Entrepreneur's Inventive Incentive; Inverted-U |
| JEL: | O43 O31 O12 |
| Date: | 2011–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:34450&r=ino |
| By: | Pamela Palazzi |
| Abstract: | Innovation is the cornerstone of sustained economic growth and prosperity. In a globalised world, innovation is a key driver of competitiveness between businesses and it plays a critical role in the rapid growth of emerging economies. At the same time, the global financial crisis has increased the relevance of a better understanding of the role that innovation can play in restoring sustainable growth while giving focus to the issue of constrained public resources and effective public expenditure. Especially in the current context of a global financial and economic downturn, it is particularly important that tax policies continue to provide efficient incentives to fostering innovation... |
| Date: | 2011–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ctpaaa:9-en&r=ino |
| By: | Andrea Mantovani (Department of Economics, University of Bologna); Francisco Ruiz-Aliseda (Department of Economics, Ecole Polytechnique) |
| Abstract: | The recent years have exhibited a burst in the amount of collaborative activities among firms selling complementary products. This paper aims at providing a rationale for such a large extent of collaboration ties among complementors. To this end, we analyze a game in which the two producers of a certain component have the possibility to form pairwise collaboration ties with each of the two producers of a complementary component. Once ties are formed, each of the four firms decides how much to invest in improving the quality of the match with each possible complementor, under the assumption that a firm with a collaboration link with a complementor puts some weight on the complementor's profit when making investment decisions. Once investment choices have taken place, all firms choose prices for their respective components in a noncooperative manner. In equilibrium, firms end up forming as many collaboration ties as it is possible, although they would all prefer a scenario where collaboration were forbidden. In addition, a social planner would also prefer such a scenario to the one arising in equilibrium. We show that the result that collaboration is inefficient for firms and society does not depend on whether collaboration ties are formed in an exclusive manner: in fact, exclusivity would only worsen the situation. |
| Keywords: | Systems Competition, Complementary Products, Interoperability, Collaboration Link, Co-opetition, Exclusivity. |
| JEL: | L13 M21 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:1131&r=ino |
| By: | Okamuro, Hiroyuki; Nishimura, Junichi |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a detailed comparison of the following five cases of Japanese and European clusters in biotechnology: (1) Kobe Biomedical Innovation Cluster (KBIC) in Kobe (Japan), (2) Fuji Pharma Valley Cluster in Shizuoka Prefecture (Japan), (3) BioM Biotech Cluster in Munich (Germany), (4) BioRegion Rhine-Neckar in Heidelberg (Germany), and (5) Alsace BioValley Cluster in Strasbourg (France). We pay special attention to the cluster policy and its management by each region's core cluster management organization. Information on the focal clusters and the management of cluster policies has been obtained through interviews with the cluster directors and core staff in 2010 and 2011. We find several similarities and differences among the five cases of Japanese and European clusters. We also discuss how the management of cluster policies by the core management organizations may be related with the performance of regional clusters. |
| Keywords: | management, cluster policy, regional cluster, R&D, biotechnology, international comparison |
| JEL: | O32 O38 R58 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hitcei:2011-7&r=ino |
| By: | Da Rin, M.; Hellmann, T.; Puri, M.L. (Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | This survey reviews the growing body of academic work on venture capital. It lays out the major data sources used. It examines the work on venture capital investments in companies, looking at issues of selection, contracting, post-investment services and exits. The survey considers recent work on organizational structures of venture capital firms, and the relationship between general and limited partners. It discusses the work on the returns to venture capital investments. It also examines public policies, and the role of venture capital in the economy at large. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital;private equity;alternative assets;IPOs;acquisitions;corporate venture capital;public policy;limited partners;institutional investors;syndication;innovation;venture capital returns. |
| JEL: | G24 G21 G23 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:kubcen:2011111&r=ino |
| By: | Paul Belleflamme (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Louvain School of Management and Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE)); Laurent Slits (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN) |
| Abstract: | Les sociétés occidentales sont en pleine mutation et sont devenues, à la fin du siècle passé, de véritables économies de la connaissance. Le brevet vise à rendre excluable cette connaissance et à stimuler, par ce biais, l’innovation. Sur le marché des brevets qui se développe petit à petit, certains acteurs, qualifiés de patent trolls, tirent parti d’un environnement juridicoéconomique qui facilite leur action : l’acquisition et/ou la détention de brevets, non pas dans le but de les exploiter industriellement, mais de les monnayer par le biais - de menaces - d’actions en contrefaçon. |
| Date: | 2010–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvrg:83&r=ino |
| By: | LUCIANO MARTINS COSTA PÓVOA; Márcia SiqueiraRapini |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2009:149&r=ino |
| By: | Virginie Jacquier-Roux (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - Université Pierre Mendès-France - Grenoble II : EA4625); Nelson Camilo Montana (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - Université de Savoie); Claude Paraponaris (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - Université de Savoie) |
| Abstract: | Dans une première partie, nous développons l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'internationalisation de la R&D des firmes peut se comprendre comme un moyen de partager des connaissances tacites au sein de réseaux fondés sur une proximité située. Nous montrons de quelle manière une telle démarche finit par poser des questions importantes d'absorption des connaissances. Une seconde partie est consacrée à la méthodologie construite afin d'étudier un ensemble de FMN directement impliquées dans une telle démarche. Nous y présentons les dimensions d'analyse du partage des connaissances. La troisième partie analyse de quelle manière ces firmes parviennent à partager les connaissances entre leurs différentes unités. Les facteurs qui permettent de limiter les risques de dispersion sont au sein du réseau intra-firme font l'objet d'une présentation détaillée. |
| Keywords: | internationalisation ; recherche et développement ; entreprise ; connaissance ; stratégie de l'entreprise ; innovation ; réseau |
| Date: | 2011–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00634441&r=ino |
| By: | M. Carree; A. Della Malva; E. Santarelli |
| Abstract: | New entrepreneurial ventures may represent a viable and effective mechanism to transform academic knowledge into regional economic growth. We test this notion for the Italian provinces between 2001 and 2006. We evaluate three outputs of academic activities: teaching, research and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) activities management. New ventures may be able to transform the mentioned outputs into improved economic performance. The findings show that the effects of academic outputs on provincial economic growth (all sectors) are appreciable when they are associated with sustained entrepreneurial activities in the province. It suggests that academic inquiry may provide new ventures with valuable commercial opportunities overseen by established companies. |
| JEL: | I23 O18 O34 R11 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp793&r=ino |
| By: | Joelle Forest (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - CNRS : UMR5600 - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Normale Supérieure de Lyon); Marianne Chouteau (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - CNRS : UMR5600 - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Normale Supérieure de Lyon); Céline Nguyen (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - CNRS : UMR5600 - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Normale Supérieure de Lyon) |
| Abstract: | Les écoles d'ingénieurs ont vu évoluer leur programme de formation au fil du temps. L'objet de la présente contribution est de montrer comment la prise en compte du rôle clé de la conception dans l'innovation s'est substituée à la vision de l'innovation comme application des sciences et comment ce changement de paradigme conduit à repenser le modèle de formation des ingénieurs. Ce faisant, nous étudierons les conséquences que cela a eu pour les enseignements de sciences humaines et sociales au sein de ladite formation. |
| Keywords: | conception, innovation, formation des ingénieurs, enseignement en sciences humaines et sociales |
| Date: | 2011–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00631385&r=ino |
| By: | Henry Sauermann; Michael Roach |
| Abstract: | A growing body of research on firms’ “open science” strategies rests on the notion that scientists have a strong preference for publishing and that firms are able to extract a wage discount if they allow scientists to publish. Drawing on a survey of 1,400 life scientists about to enter the job market, we suggest an alternative view. First, we show significant heterogeneity in the price scientists assign to the opportunity to publish in firms, and those scientists who seek industry careers have particularly low preferences for publishing. Thus, many job applicants are not willing to accept lower wages for jobs that let them publish and firms pursuing open science strategies may instead have to pay publishing incentives that fulfill both sorting and incentive functions. Second, we show that scientists with higher ability have a higher price of publishing but also expect to be paid higher wages regardless of the publishing regime. Thus, they are not cheaper to hire than other scientists if allowed to publish, but they are more expensive if publishing is restricted. Finally, we show that scientists publish not simply for “peer recognition” but also for more specific reasons, including the opportunity to advance science or to move to higher-paying jobs. Different reasons predict what price a scientist assigns to the opportunity to publish and may also have very different implications for the sustainability of competitive advantages derived from open science strategies. |
| Keywords: | Scientists; publishing; competitive advantage |
| JEL: | O31 L82 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aal:abbswp:11-03&r=ino |