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on Innovation |
| By: | Cassiman, Bruno (IESE Business School); Veugelers, Reinhilde (Katholike Universiteit Leuven); Zuniga, Pluvia (Katholike Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the diversity of linkages of firms to science and their effect on innovation performance for a sample of Belgian firms (CIS-3). While at the sectoral level links to science are highly related to the R&D intensity of the sector, we show that there is considerable heterogeneity in the type of links to science at the firm level. Overall, firms with a science linkage -which can be of various sorts- have superior innovation performance, in particular with respect to innovations new to the market. At the invention level, our findings confirm that patents from firms engaged in science are more frequently cited and have a broader technological and geographical impact, but we show that it is crucial to distinguish between direct science links at the invention level and indirect science links at the firm level to encounter these distinct positive effects of science links. Therefore, Science & Technology indicators should control for both invention-level and firm-level science links to really account for the effect of these industry-science links. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; patents; forward citation; science; industrial innovation; |
| JEL: | L13 O32 O34 |
| Date: | 2007–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:iesewp:d-0671&r=ino |
| By: | Ricart, Joan E. (IESE Business School); Adegbesan, Tunji (IESE Business School) |
| Abstract: | Innovation from external sources has continued to grow in importance in recent years, in defiance of conventional wisdom advocating internal sourcing of core technologies. One important reason for the previous emphasis on internal sourcing of core technologies relates to concerns of horizontal and vertical appropriability. Thus, the question arises of whether and how firms can reconcile horizontal and vertical appropriability with the rise of the external sourcing of new technologies. Must firms sacrifice value appropriation on the altar of value creation? To answer these questions, we delve beneath individual technological innovations to examine the technical and market capabilities underlying them. Specifically, we show how the amount of value a firm stands to appropriate relative to competitors and relative to technology suppliers depends on the fit between its innovation strategy and its previous investments in distinct dimensions of absorptive capacity. At the same time, we also show how first-order capabilities and dynamic capabilities interact to determine firm performance. Thus, we shed light on how and when the move to 'open' innovation will affect the amount of value innovating firms stand to appropriate. |
| Keywords: | Innovation strategy; external sourcing; technology innovation; value appropriation; |
| Date: | 2007–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:iesewp:d-0669&r=ino |
| By: | Adegbesan, Tunji (IESE Business School); Ricart, Joan E. (IESE Business School) |
| Abstract: | Most approaches to innovation bear the implicit assumption that increased innovativeness leads to improved organizational performance. Thus, more attention has been focused on innovativeness than on innovation performance; on novelty than on value. However, recent empirical evidence calls into question the unqualified optimism surrounding innovation, and leads us to ask what we really know about when technological innovation improves performance. In this paper, we seek to make a contribution by presenting the results of an exhaustive review of extant knowledge on the outcomes of technological innovation. Our synthesis of the literature allows us to relate in one parsimonious model the drivers and moderators of the antecedents, technical outcomes, and performance outcomes of technological innovation and technological change. We also make sense of the proliferation of terms, and consequent terminological ambiguity, which characterizes a lot of work on technological innovation. Finally, in the light of the model presented and recent developments in work on firm capabilities, we indicate possible avenues for further development of this critical area of research. |
| Keywords: | Technological innovation; organizational performance; innovation and innovativeness; |
| Date: | 2007–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:iesewp:d-0668&r=ino |
| By: | Cassiman, Bruno (IESE Business School); Veugelers, Reinhilde (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the choice between different external technology sourcing activities of a firm. On the one hand, the firm can acquire new technology which is embodied in personnel. On the other hand, the firm can obtain new technology disembodied through a licensing agreement or by outsourcing the technology development from an R&D contractor. Building on Cassiman and Veugelers (2006), we test whether embodied and disembodied technology acquisitions are complementary activities or rather behave as substitute technology acquisition alternatives. We find that while internal and external technology acquisition are complementary innovation activities, the actual choice of external technology sourcing between embodied or disembodied modes is substitutive for smaller firms. The evidence for larger firms suggests that different external technology sourcing activities are complementary, but in this case the results are suggestive although not strongly significant. |
| Keywords: | Embodied & disembodied technology acquisition; complementarity; substitutability; |
| Date: | 2007–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:iesewp:d-0672&r=ino |
| By: | Lence, Sergio H.; Hayes, Dermot J. |
| Abstract: | The welfare implications of intellectual property protection (IPP) for private sector agricultural research are analyzed, focusing on the realistic cases in which countries provide different IPP levels, technology spills over across countries, and the public sector is involved in research. A model is developed to determine who benefits from, and who should pay for, the associated research. The paper contains some interesting results on the implications of a harmonization of IPP policies through multilateral agreements or via technology that allows research firms to prevent the copying of plants and animals that express traits that have emerged from their research. |
| Keywords: | biotechnology, GURTs, intellectual property, research spillover, welfare analysis. |
| Date: | 2007–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:12801&r=ino |
| By: | Adegbesan, Tunji (IESE Business School); Higgins, Matthew J. (Georgia Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Although the differential benefits reaped by individual partners are a major determinant of the performance impact of strategic alliances, previous analysis has faced methodological challenges. In response we propose a measure for relative value appropriation and an explicit theoretical framework for predicting its variation in terms of relative bargaining position. With a sample of 180 biotechnology R&D alliances, we are thus able to explain variation in value appropriation across partner types as well as individual partners of each type. |
| Keywords: | Alliance performance; strategic alliances; value appropriation; bargaining position; factor markets; |
| Date: | 2007–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:iesewp:d-0667&r=ino |