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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Pikka, Aleksi |
| Abstract: | Abstract This paper studies the productivity effects of intangible assets using 9th vintage of the CompNet dataset. Descriptive work shows that there is dispersion in usage of intangibles; some firms invest heavily into intangible assets and many firms do not invest at all. In addition, preliminary evidence, using the joint distributions provided by CompNet, implies that intangible assets increase the productivity of the firms that already belong to the 90th productivity percentile. Furthermore, I estimate the output elasticity of intangible assets by a Cobb Douglas production function using data at the 2-digit industry (NACE rev 2) level of aggregation and find output elasticity of intangibles to be approximately between 0.08–0.10. A special emphasis is placed on development of intangibles in Finland. I find that concentration in intangibles, measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, has increased in the past few years and that intangible assets are concentrated in ICT and manufacturing macro-sectors. In addition, I estimate a Cobb Douglas production function using only data from Finland and find that while output elasticity on intangible assets is approximately 0.05, the coefficient is not statistically significant, and hence, the evidence is inconclusive. |
| Keywords: | Intangible capital, Productivity |
| JEL: | E22 J24 O52 |
| Date: | 2024–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:wpaper:119 |
| By: | Roodman, David |
| Abstract: | Hjort and Poulsen (2019) frames the staggered arrival of submarine Internet cables on the shores of Africa circa 2010 as a difference-in-differences natural experiment. The paper finds positive impacts of broadband on individual- and firm-level employment and nighttime light emissions. These results largely are not robust to alternative ge-ocoding of survey locations, to correcting for a satellite changeover at end-2009, and to revisiting a definition of the treated zone that has no clear technological basis, is narrower than the spatial resolution of nearly all the data sources, and is empirically suboptimal as a representation of the geography of broadband. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:148 |
| By: | Yuying Shen (Norfolk State University, Norfolk, US); Liyun Wu (Norfolk State University, Norfolk, US); Heather Richter (Norfolk State University, Norfolk, US); Carlene Turner (Norfolk State University, Norfolk, US) |
| Abstract: | Society is undergoing a fundamental transformation because of increasing digitalization, which offers great opportunities in all areas of social life, but it also poses new challenges for individuals. While the internet has provided children with access to a wealth of information and fostered creativity, it also poses risks to children’s well-being. Moreover, there are concerns about how digital technology may exacerbate the existing social disparities. Drawing on sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of ‘habitus’, this study takes an interdisciplinary approach by combining sociology, computer science, and public health to explore the potential of promoting mental health equity in an increasingly digitalized age. It proposes that children’s virtual connectivity is another ‘habitus’ in their life, layered with children’s social background factors in conjunction with their digital capital and digital engagement experiences, exerting influences on their mental health. We collected quantitative data with survey interviews from 301 adolescents in the U.S. Statistical models are processed to empirically examine the patterns in their digital engagement and mental health outcomes. The associations between children’s social background factors, digital engagement experience, and mental health outcomes are also examined. This study contributes to illuminating the dimensions of critical dialogues about building equitable societies to enhance individual flourishing in an increasingly digitalized era. It further enriches the current sociological literature on the analysis of the social impacts of new digital technologies by highlighting children’s experience of digital disparities. |
| Keywords: | adolescents, digital engagement, mental health, disparities |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0367 |
| By: | Nicholas Tefend (University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, United States of America) |
| Abstract: | The San Antonio Port Authority aims to develop and implement one of the foremost hubs for innovation in the United States. Once a part of Kelly Air Force Base, which closed in 2001, the San Antonio Port Authority took over and decided to become an innovation hub. Innovation is the development of new technologies such as automation, robotics, and communications, to name a few areas this new technology has influenced. Innovation is at the heart of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that the world is undergoing, which has transformed the world we live in and continues to change how we interact with the world around us (Philbeck and Davis 2019). Innovation is a vital part of growth in a country’s GDP; with the rise of broadband internet service as an example, the U.S.’s GDP has increased by over 1.3% for each 10% increase in penetration (West 2011). The Port Authority is building a potential haven for innovation but needs to address some potential issues to maximize innovation. Tech Port SA, the Port Authority’s innovation hub, must address the potential conflict between innovators and non-innovator industries. Additionally, it is critical to maintain the balance between different types of innovation and ensure there is not an emphasis on one, which will potentially stifle the other types of innovation even though they have aerospace, applied technology, and more types being added. This paper examines the issues the Port Authority will have so that solutions may be implemented accordingly. |
| Keywords: | San Antonio Port Authority, innovation, Kelly Air Force Base, Fourth Industrial Revolution, new technologies, automation, robotics, communications, collaboration, digital, biological, Internet of Things, digital platforms |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0396 |
| By: | Giacomo Damioli (BETA, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France); Vincent Van Roy (Faculty of Business and Economics, KU Leuven, Belgium - Idea Consult, Belgium); Daniel Vertesy (International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland – UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, The Netherlands); Marco Vivarelli (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy – UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, The Netherlands – IZA, Bonn, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative innovation with the potential to drive significant economic growth and productivity gains. This study examines whether AI is initiating a technological revolution, signifying a new technological paradigm, using the perspective of evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian economics. Using a global dataset combining information on AI patenting activities and their applicants between 2000 and 2016, our analysis reveals that AI patenting has accelerated and substantially evolved in terms of its pervasiveness, with AI innovators shifting from the ICT core industries to non-ICT service industries over the investigated period. Moreover, there has been a decrease in concentration of innovation activities and a reshuffling in the innovative hierarchies, with innovative entries and young and smaller applicants driving this change. Finally, we find that AI technologies play a role in generating and accelerating further innovations (so revealing to be “enabling technologies”, a distinctive feature of GPTs). All these features have characterised the emergence of major technological paradigms in the past and suggest that AI technologies may indeed generate a paradigmatic shift. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Technological Paradigm, Structural Change, Patents |
| JEL: | O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie5:dipe0038 |
| By: | Koski, Heli |
| Abstract: | Abstract The data on Finnish patent applications filed at the European Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office between 2011 and 2021 indicate that foreign inventors and international collaboration have been crucial to Finland’s technological development. Throughout the 2010s, Finnish patent applications have included inventors from 68 different countries, and the share of foreign inventors has steadily increased over this period. In 2021, 60 percent of the patent applications filed involved foreign inventors, with over one-fifth featuring collaboration between both Finnish and foreign inventors. The United States has been Finland’s most important innovation partner, while Germany, Sweden, and China have also played significant roles in the development of patented ideas. When analyzed by technology sector, foreign and internationally based inventors are particularly prominent in ICT-related patent applications. Immigrant inventors contributed to more than one-fifth of ICT patent filings during the review period. In other technology sectors, the involvement of immigrant inventors has also grown, with their share of USPTO patent applications rising from 9 percent to 17 percent, and from 18 percent to 23 percent in EPO applications. |
| Keywords: | Innovations, Patents, Innovation collaboration, Inventors, Immigration |
| JEL: | D23 F22 J61 O3 |
| Date: | 2024–09–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:138 |