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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Ahnert, Toni; Timmer, Yannick; Doerr, Sebastian; Pierri, Nicola |
| Abstract: | We study the importance of information technology (IT) in banking for entrepreneurship. Guided by a parsimonious model, we establish that job creation by young rms is stronger in US counties more exposed to banks with greater IT adoption. We present evidence consistent with banks' IT adoption spurring entrepreneurship through a collateral channel: entrepreneurship increases by more in IT-exposed counties when house prices rise. Further analysis suggests that IT improves banks' ability to determine collateral values, in particular when collateral appraisal is more complex. IT also reduces the time and cost of disbursing collateralized loans. JEL Classification: D82, G21, L26 |
| Keywords: | collateral, entrepreneurship, information technology, screening, technology in banking |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242956 |
| By: | Toyin B, Ajibade |
| Abstract: | We developed “KasuwaGo” mobile app to remove barriers to market participation in West Africa agri-food value chains. Women's adoption and usage of the app remains low in Nigeria. To deepen usage, we introduced a youth-led market-based agent structure to provide ICT support services in transaction creation and trade facilitation for eighty women managed in eight groups in key markets. About 72.5% of the group members gave no consideration to gender in their choice of agent, as they were more concerned with agent's availability and accessibility. Female-managed groups consummated 18% more transactions than male-managed groups (p<0.05) indicating some level of same-gender affinity on engagements beyond transaction initiation. Although potential trade location counts for group members was higher by 6±1 over a 4-week cycle compared to non-group members, the interaction response time to potential trade partners was lower for non-group members app users who were smart phone owners (p<0.05). We found no significant difference in distance of markets participated in by group and non-group members who were “KasuwaGo” app-users on own-smart-phones. Averagely, women traders were willing-to-pay additional NGN110.13 as monthly subscription for app usage. Our findings suggest that providing marketing ICT support is beneficial to mainstreaming women into priority nodes on food value chains. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344400 |
| By: | Francesca Borgonovi; Flavio Calvino; Chiara Criscuolo; Lea Samek; Helke Seitz; Julia Nania; Julia Nitschke; Layla O’Kane |
| Abstract: | This report analyses the demand for positions that require skills needed to develop or work with AI systems across 14 OECD countries between 2019 and 2022. It finds that, despite rapid growth in the demand for AI skills, AI-related online vacancies comprised less than 1% of all job postings and were predominantly found in sectors such as ICT and Professional Services. Skills related to Machine Learning were the most sought after. The US-focused part of the study reveals a consistent demand for socio-emotional, foundational, and technical skills across all AI employers. However, leading firms – those who posted the most AI jobs – exhibited a higher demand for AI professionals combining technical expertise with leadership, innovation, and problem-solving skills, underscoring the importance of these competencies in the AI field. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Online vacancies, Skills |
| JEL: | C81 J23 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2023–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:comaaa:2-en |
| By: | Damioli, Giacomo; Van Roy, Vincent; Vertesy, Daniel; Vivarelli, Marco |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative innovation with the potential to drive significant economic growth and productivity gains. This study examines whether AI is initiating a technological revolution, signifying a new technological paradigm, using the perspective of evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian economics. Using a global dataset combining information on AI patenting activities and their applicants between 2000 and 2016, our analysis reveals that AI patenting has accelerated and substantially evolved in terms of its pervasiveness, with AI innovators shifting from the ICT core industries to non-ICT service industries over the investigated period. Moreover, there has been a decrease in concentration of innovation activities and a reshuffling in the innovative hierarchies, with innovative entries and young and smaller applicants driving this change. Finally, we find that AI technologies play a role in generating and accelerating further innovations (so revealing to be "enabling technologies", a distinctive feature of GPTs). All these features have characterised the emergence of major technological paradigms in the past and suggest that AI technologies may indeed generate a paradigmatic shift. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Technological Paradigm, Structural Change, Patents |
| JEL: | O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1467 |
| By: | Vilgis, Veronika; Jordán, Valeria; Patiño, Alejandro |
| Abstract: | The adoption of digital technologies is a crucial tool for bridging the productivity gaps between countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and more developed nations, generating new sources of growth, and creating high-quality jobs. Evidence-based policies are needed to harness the potential of these technologies, guide technological change, seize opportunities and mitigate risks. This publication presents an exploratory study conducted in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico, in which various sources of information are combined, including web data and official statistics, to measure the online activity of businesses. This methodology allows companies to be classified based on their Internet use, going beyond traditional industrial classifications and giving rise to a new classification. Moreover, the study explores the possibilities offered by big data techniques and tools for enhancing our understanding of the digital transformation and serves as a foundation for future research in this field. |
| Date: | 2024–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80415 |
| By: | Andrew Green |
| Abstract: | Most workers who will be exposed to artificial intelligence (AI) will not require specialised AI skills (e.g. machine learning, natural language processing, etc.). Even so, AI will change the tasks these workers do, and the skills they require. This report provides first estimates for Canada on the effect of artificial intelligence on the demand for skills in jobs that do not require specialised AI skills. The results show that the skills most demanded in occupations highly exposed to AI are management, communication and digital skills. These include skills in budgeting, accounting, written communication, as well as competencies in basic word processing and spreadsheet software. The results also show that, in Canada, demand for social and language skills have increased the most over the past decade in occupations highly exposed to AI. Using a panel of establishments confirms the increasing demand for social and language skills, as well as rising demand for production and physical skills, which may be complementary to AI. However, the establishment panel also finds evidence of decreasing demand for business, management and digital skills in establishments more exposed to AI. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Canada, Skills |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J63 |
| Date: | 2024–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:comaaa:17-en |