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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Tan, Yeng-May (Xiamen University Malaysia); Autio, Erkko (Imperial College Business School); Estrada, Gemma (Asian Development Bank); Park, Donghyun (Asian Development Bank); Uddin, Gazi Salah (Linköping University) |
| Abstract: | Information and communication technology or digital technology helped entrepreneurs survive the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) restrictions. For instance, they shifted to online sales in the face of stringent lockdowns and mobility constraints. The enhanced resilience of entrepreneurs, in turn, contributed to the resilience of the broader economy. This study explores the relationship between the quality of a country’s digital entrepreneurial ecosystem, measured by the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (GIDES), and its economic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a cross-country analysis of 100 global economies, we find a positive association between GIDES and economic performance during the pandemic. This suggests that the quality of a country’s environment for digital entrepreneurs can strengthen its economic resilience even in the face of major shocks. |
| Keywords: | digital entrepreneurship; digitalization; entrepreneurial ecosystem; economic resilience; COVID-19; Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (GIDES) |
| JEL: | F62 L26 L86 |
| Date: | 2024–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0716&r=ict |
| By: | Veronica Cristina Nedelcu (Ovidius University, Constanța, Romania); Laura Elena Pascale (Ovidius University, Constanța, Romania) |
| Abstract: | The development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages determined the creation of a general system for the assessment of language skills in the teaching and assessment process of a native or non-native language, which blurred the linguistic and cultural features of the language in the process of language acquisition. Thus, in language teaching, one could observe some general trends, at the European level, such as: highlighting the relation between the culture and civilization that is being studied to one's own national culture, but also to other known cultures; the diversification of academic strategies by combining traditional and modern methods; diversifying the forms of assessment of foreign language learning through complementary methods; the use of new information and communication technologies in the process of teaching - learning - assessment focusing on the needs, interests, capabilities and skills of the learner. |
| Keywords: | teaching, gen Z, millennials, language, linguistics, academic |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0306&r=ict |
| By: | Mert Demirer; Diego Jimenez-Hernandez; Dean Li; Sida Peng |
| Abstract: | By regulating how firms collect, store, and use data, privacy laws may change the role of data in production and alter firm demand for information technology inputs. We study how firms respond to privacy laws in the context of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by using seven years of data from a large global cloud-computing provider. Our difference-in-difference estimates indicate that, in response to the GDPR, EU firms decreased data storage by 26% and data processing by 15% relative to comparable U.S. firms, becoming less “data-intensive.” To estimate the costs of the GDPR for firms, we propose and estimate a production function where data and computation serve as inputs to the production of “information.” We find that data and computation are strong complements in production and that firm responses are consistent with the GDPR representing a 20% increase in the cost of data on average. Variation in the firm-level effects of the GDPR and industry-level exposure to data, however, drives significant heterogeneity in our estimates of the impact of the GDPR on production costs. |
| Keywords: | Privacy; Production Function; Data; Cloud computing |
| JEL: | L51 L86 D22 L11 |
| Date: | 2024–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedhwp:97791&r=ict |