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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Obasa, Rotimi Sunday Mr. (DLK CLOTHING SIGNATURES LTD); Gurowa, S. U |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on financial performance of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigerian. The research link the idea in ICT productivity literature to that of ICT financial performance by exploring the role of complementary investment and externalities on ICT financial performance relationship in a factor modelling framework. The study adopt an Ex-post-facto research design that is entrenched in post-positivist ontology. Data for the study is obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) annual report or statistics bulletin for 16 years, i.e. 2005-2020, and annual report of 14 DMBs in Nigeria. Analyzing the data using iterative interactive fixed effect (IIFE) model reveals that complementary investment reduces the strong positive effect of POS, and reverse the weak negative effect of IB to become positive, while the strong negative effect of MB to becomes weak and positive. Externalities on the other hand increases the weak negative effect of ATM on financial performance. Therefore, the study recommended that banks co-invest more in complementary capital, such as learning to build the necessary organisation knowledge needed to benefit from ICT investment adequately. In addition, the bank should also co-innovate and re-organise its operational process and structure to withstand any eventual security challenges. |
| Date: | 2023–02–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:c7x45 |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (The New School, New York, USA) |
| Abstract: | The Artificial Intelligence (AI) evolution is a broad set of methods, algorithms, and technologies making software human-like intelligent that is encroaching our contemporary workplace. Thinking like humans but acting rational is the primary goal of AI innovations. The current market disruption with AI lies at the core of the IT-enhanced economic growth driven by algorithms – for instance enabled via the sharing economies and big data information gains, self-check outs, online purchases and bookings, medical services social care, law, retail, logistics and finance to name a few domains in which AI leads to productivity enhancement. While we have ample account of AI entering our everyday lives, we hardly have any information about economic growth driven by AI. Preliminary studies found a negative relation between digitalization and economic growth, indicating that we lack a proper growth theory capturing the economic value imbued in AI. We also have information that indicates AI-led growth based on ICT technologies may widen an inequality-rising skilled versus unskilled labor wage gap. This paper makes the theoretical case of AI as a self-learning entity to be integrated into endogenous growth theory, which gives credit to learning and knowledge transformation as vital economic productivity ingredients. Future research may empirically validate the claim that AI as a self-learning entity is a driver of endogenous growth. All these endeavors may prepare for research on how to enhance human welfare with AI-induced growth based on inclusive AI-human compatibility and mutual exchange between machines and human beings. |
| Keywords: | Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digitalization, Digitalization disruption, Digital inequality, Economic growth, Endogenous growth |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0224 |
| By: | Dareen Ahmed Farouk (German University in Cairo, Egypt) |
| Abstract: | The development of information and communication technology has made e-training a vital function of human resource management within any organization, especially in recent years. Reliance on this type of training has increased to invest in human assets and help employees acquire new skills and knowledge, develop their current skills, increase their productivity and raise the quality of their performance in the work environment. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of the E-Training System dimensions (Efficiency – Methods – Environment) on employee job performance. It is a quantitative study that uses an electronic questionnaire as a data collecting tool from a sample of working in private sector companies in the Egyptian market. The main findings demonstrated that the perceived E-Training dimensions has a positive impact on Employee Job performance. Moreover, it also showed that perceived E-Training efficiency is the most significant predictor for employee job performance, followed by the E-Training environment. However, there were no significant differences in employees’ perceptions of a-E-Training Efficiency b- E-Training Methods c- E-Training Environment, according to their gender, educational level, and age groups. |
| Keywords: | Human Recourses Management Practices (HRMP), E-Training, Job Satisfaction, Productivity, Job Performance |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0228 |
| By: | Berger, Axel; Bolmer, Ann-Margret; Gitt, Florian; Olekseyuk, Zoryana; Metz, Marius; Robardet, Guillaume; Schäfer, Julia; Schneider, Marie-Lisa; Schönberg, Frank |
| Abstract: | More than 110 Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), many of them developing countries and least-developed countries (LDCs), are negotiating a plurilateral Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD). In contract to existing bilateral investment treaties that establish sweeping rules on investment protection and liberalisation, the IFD Agreement aims at increasing the transparency, predictability and efficiency of investment frameworks as well as improving inter-governmental coordination and international cooperation on investment matters. In view of the fact that WTO Members aim at concluding the negotiations by mid-2023, discussions are under way on how the IFD Agreement can successfully be implemented in developing countries, and LDCs in particular. The IFD Agreement includes a comprehensive section on Special and Differential Treatment, which grants developing countries and LDCs longer timeframes as well as technical assistance and capacity development to support implementation. The Agreement also foresees so-called needs assessments at the country level to evaluate countries' readiness and support needs to implement the IFD Agreement. While such needs assessments have been extensively used in the context of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), we lack insights into how such needs assessments can be operationalised in the context of investment facilitation and what kind of implementation challenges are prevalent, in particular in LDCs. To assess implementation gaps, barriers to successful implementation as well as national and international support actions, we conducted pilot needs assessments covering a selected group of IFD Agreement measures with a broad range of stakeholders in three LDCs, namely Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Togo and Zambia. Our pilots indicate that 13 selected provisions of the IFD Agreement have not been sufficiently implemented across the three LDCs. In particular, 64 per cent of analysed provisions have only partially been implement, while the rest have not been implemented at all. These findings underline that, in order to benefit from the IFD Agreement, LDCs need substantial implementation support from the international community. The most striking, commonly identified barriers hindering the full implementation are lack of cooperation and coordination among investment-competent agencies, poor information management for investors as well as limited digitalisation and automatisation. To overcome these barriers, nationally identified actions may focus mainly on the creation of a single information portal for foreign investors and a single-window system to improve authorisation procedures, as well as a clarification of mandates and functions of relevant ministries and institutions. Our research also underlines the importance of a whole-of-government and multi-stakeholder approach. The establishment of a National Investment Facilitation Committee may prove to be an effective instrument to ensure coordination and communication between involved stakeholders. International support should complement national actions with technical assistance and capacity development in investment-related topics, improving information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and digitalised processes, as well as fostering the international exchange of best practices. Our pilot needs assessments emphasise that the WTO Secretariat and the negotiating Members should strengthen outreach activities to promote knowledge about the WTO IFD Agreement among national-level stakeholders. In general, our pilots underline that needs assessments are an important instrument for identifying persistent implementation gaps and tailoring technical assistance and capacity development to the demands of Members, especially LDCs. |
| Keywords: | Investment Facilitation, FDI, Investment Agreement, WTO, LDC, investment regime, needs assessments, implementation gaps, technical assisstance, capacity building |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:72023 |
| By: | Denisa Maria Vilceanu (National School of Political and Administrative Studies, Bucharest, Romania) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of e-government is to reduce bureaucracy, provide a framework for debate and decision on the main initiatives, measures and projects on debureaucratization and ensure coherence in the implementation of the e-government policy proposal. Among the objectives of e-government we mention: increasing the cost efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the public services, provided ensuring access to official information through WEB pages, optimizing the use of material and human resources, as well as the time required to provide services providing public services through electronic means for citizens and the business environment, improving relations between the public sector and citizens, simplification of administrative procedures improving public services, development of state information infrastructure. There are many supports for electronic administration. We often think first of the Internet (web services on a computer or mobile phone), but an eGovernment project can rely on any form of telematics, such as near field communication, Bluetooth and/or radio-frequency identification technology, as well as electronic voting procedures, or even video surveillance, which can converge with data processing, database building and biometric facial recognition methods. The term "e-government" emerged around the 1990s with the advent of the Internet. (Castells 2000, 372). In 1998, the launch in France of the government's action programme for the information society is characteristic of the launch of a national drive to develop e-government. |
| Keywords: | electronic administration, internet, public services, eGovernment, disruptors |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0194 |
| By: | Erdsiek, Daniel; Rost, Vincent |
| Abstract: | This study exploits fine-grained survey data to elicit firms' long-term expectations about the use of working from home (WFH) arrangements after the COVID-19 pandemic. From December 2021 until January 2022, the representative survey was conducted among more than 1, 000 managers from the manufacturing industry and the information economy, which includes the ICT sector, media service providers and knowledge-intensive service providers. Firms were asked about their previous use and expected use of five different hybrid and fully remote working models ranging from 1 to 5 WFH days per week. For each model, firms indicated the share of employees who had been using this schedule before the pandemic and the share of employees who are expected to use this schedule after COVID-19. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewexb:2206 |
| By: | Hadiza Wada (Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria); Buba Misawa (Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA) |
| Abstract: | The rapidly changing media environment, as a result of technological advances, is proving hard to track and control for those who hold stake in the way information reaches people of interest, such as politicians and their voters. As a result, political communication has been facing several challenges in recent years. The mediation role of professional media seems to be losing grounds to a growing echo of alternative media voices, for example, leading to increased personalization or skewing of electoral campaigns to personalities rather than national issues, just as imagery and perception of individual candidates through political marketing by the media become more mainstream. With that in mind, 300 questionnaires were distributed to voter age population in Nigeria out of which 289 were retrieved and used. The intent was to see how alternative media is shaping political discourse and to what extent. The result shows an extensive use of alternative media at 64%. One of the most significant findings is: a much higher rate of citizen participation recorded at 84% of respondents brought about by popular use of alternative media, has not translated into satisfaction with the current state of politics and politicians which was rated at 48% and dissatisfaction at 52%. With 44% of the same respondents citing non relevance of contents disseminated by professional media as the main reason for the shift to alternative media, recommendations include the need for professional media to make concerted efforts in following new developments in technologies and user taste, in order to match those changes with favorable contents. |
| Keywords: | Political communication, new media impact, communication technology, public opinion |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0200 |