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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Manudeep Bhuller; Tarjei Havnes; Jeremy McCauley; Magne Mogstad |
| Abstract: | Combining comprehensive data from the Norwegian media market on newspaper circulation, readership, revenues, factor inputs, and product characteristics with plausibly exogenous variation in the availability and adoption of broadband internet, this paper provides causal evidence on how the internet affected the traditional print media market. Household adoption of broadband internet triggered large reductions in print readership and circulation and equally large increases in online news readership. Despite strong substitution from print to online news consumption, newspaper firms’ revenues fell by almost 30%. Newspaper firms responded by dramatically cutting costs, either by shedding labor inputs or by reducing the physical size of newspaper sheets, and in doing so avoided meaningful losses in profits. The printed newspaper product available to customers also changed, as newspapers shifted content away from tabloid to more serious news. This paper offers a case study on how an adverse technology shock transmits through firms with multiple margins of adjustment, and provides an explanation for the economic resilience of newspapers. |
| JEL: | L11 L82 L86 O33 R22 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30939&r=ict |
| By: | Ajay K. Agrawal; Joshua S. Gans; Avi Goldfarb |
| Abstract: | Economic models provide little insight into when the next big idea and its associated productivity dividend will come along. Once a general purpose technology (GPT) is identified, the economist’s toolkit does provide an understanding when firms will adopt a new technology and for what purpose. The focus of the literature has been on commonalities across each type of GPT. This focus is natural, given that the goal of the literature has been to identify generalizable insights across technologies. Broadly, this literature emphasizes heterogeneity in co-invention costs across firms. Each GPT, however, provides a distinct benefit. Steam provided a new power source. The internet facilitated communication. The differences between GPTs are important for understanding adoption patterns. Using the examples of the internet and artificial intelligence, we discuss how both co-invention costs and distinct benefits determine the adoption of technology. For both technologies, we demonstrate that discussions of the impact of a GPT on productivity and growth need to emphasize the benefits as well as the costs. The goal of this paper is therefore to link the literature on co-invention costs with an understanding of the distinct benefits of each GPT. |
| JEL: | O33 O4 |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30976&r=ict |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaounde, Cameroon); Nicholas M. Odhiambo (Pretoria, South Africa); Mushfiqur Rahman (University of Wales, UK) |
| Abstract: | The study assesses linkages between information technology, inequality and adult literacy in 57 developing countries for the period 2012-2016. Income inequality is measured with the Gini coefficient while six dynamics of information technology are taken on board, namely: use of virtual social network, internet access in schools, internet penetration, mobile phone penetration, fixed broadband subscription and number of personal computer users. The findings show that only internet access in schools unconditionally promote adult literacy. The corresponding inequality threshold that should not be exceeded in order for internet access in schools to continue promoting adult literacy is 0.739 of the Gini coefficient. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | information technology, inequality; adult literacy |
| JEL: | D10 D14 D31 D60 O30 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/012&r=ict |
| By: | Goyal, Krishna |
| Abstract: | Digital economies are those that make use of the latest technology to digitize processes and drive business growth through the use of digital tools. A result of this is an increase in foreign direct investment, which, in turn, creates new jobs and opportunities within the economy and society as a whole. There is a fundamental change taking place in the economy and in our society as a result of the digitalization of the economy. Consequently, it promotes entrepreneurship, productivity, and economic growth on a regional level, thus contributing to the development of the economy. As well as having implications for the growth of the economy, the labor market, and political participation, there are also implications for the growth of the economy. As a result, it puts new demands on the field of education and training across a wide range of areas, not just those related to information and communication technologies (ICTs). There will be a future in which one of the most important issues relating to productivity, employment, and competitiveness in various industries and within different companies, as well as how rapidly digitalization will penetrate their respective economies and societies, will prove to be of utmost importance in the coming years. In the perspective of education economics, one of the most important factors in the success of a system for educating and training people is their ability to adapt to the changing world of work. |
| Keywords: | digitalization, innovation, modern society, information and communication technologies, digital economy, brick-and-mortar economy, world wide web, blockchain technology, globalization |
| JEL: | O1 O14 O32 O35 Q55 |
| Date: | 2021–04–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116540&r=ict |
| By: | Chen, Chien-Hsun |
| Abstract: | The emergence of the international fragmentation of production has led to structural changes in world trade. Trade in intermediate goods has turned out to be an important part of world trade, with an emphasis on the information and communications technology (ICT) sector in particular. Economic interdependence within the East Asia region indicates that this region as a whole is gradually being transformed into a single trading bloc, with a pronounced increase in the intensity of intra-regional trade. In terms of the global supply chain, China is now the nexus of a production network involving most countries in Asia and a final export market for the East Asia region. Indeed, China has become a regional hub for supply chain trade. However, China’s position within the global supply chains is changing. China has become more competitive in intermediate goods due to industrial upgrading. The New Southbound Policy proposed by the Tsai administration is based on four principles, namely, economic cooperation, special talent exchange programs, resource sharing and regional integration, and is aimed at deepening economic and cultural links with 16 ASEAN and South Asian countries, as well as with Australia and New Zealand. In terms of the political and economic viewpoint, the goal of the New Southbound Policy is to keep Taiwan from becoming overly dependent on a single market (e.g., China), and to seek to establish bilateral economic partnerships with targeted countries to support a New Model for Economic Development. |
| Keywords: | Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy; global supply chain; international fragmentation of production |
| JEL: | F13 F15 F2 F21 F23 |
| Date: | 2023–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116606&r=ict |
| By: | Albert, Jose Ramon G.; Vizmanos, Jana Flor V.; Muñoz, Mika S.; Brucal, Arlan; Halili, Riza Teresita; Lumba, Angelo Jose; Patanñe, Gaile Anne |
| Abstract: | With the advent of digital transformation, information and communications technology innovations have also led to a “data revolution” wherein more data is being captured, produced, stored, accessed, analyzed, archived, and reanalyzed at an exponential pace. An examination of new data sources, including big data and crowd-sourced data, can complement traditional sources of statistics and unlock insights that can ultimately lead to interventions for better outcomes by informing policies and actions toward attaining robust, sustainable, and inclusive development. This study will examine PIDS website download data and Twitter data to illustrate stories obtained from new data sources and explore how access, analysis, and use of new data sources can be promoted. Several quantitative tools are used on these new data sources, including (a) market basket analysis for website download data, (b) text mining (and sentiment analysis) for web scraped Twitter data, and (c) other big data analytics tools. Policy issues are also discussed, including risk management for using these new data sources. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | data revolution;big data;new data sources;social media data;market-basket analysis;web scraping;text mining;sentiment analysis |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2022-55&r=ict |