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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Nguyen, Oliver |
| Abstract: | The term "digital economy" refers to the use of information technology to create, adapt, market and consume goods and services that are based on the use of information technology, in order to make money. A number of digital research areas have been explored in the past few years, including digital banking, e-commerce, virtual education, smartphone apps, and collaboration platforms. During the past few decades, there has been no doubt that the world we live in has been changing steadily in many ways. Among the key factors that have driven these changes has been the Digital Revolution, which is one of the key drivers of these changes. It would be more accurate to say that the purpose of digital transformation is not to search for unicorns on the Internet, but rather to use the newest technology to do what you do already in a more efficient and effective manner. As a result of digital technologies, many countries are in a position to enhance their competitiveness and promote economic growth by increasing their use of these technologies. As a definition, the digital economy refers to the economic activity that results from billions of online connections that occur every day between people, businesses, devices, data, and processes. A key component of the digital economy is hyper connectivity, which is the increasing interconnection of people, organisations, and machines that is a result of the Internet, mobile technology, and the internet of things (IoT). There is no doubt that the digital economy is taking shape and upending conventional notions about how businesses are structured; how they interact; and how they provide services, information, and goods to consumers. |
| Keywords: | Digital economic development, digitisation and economic impact, digitisation for competitiveness, Economy and digital journey |
| JEL: | L2 O1 O14 O3 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2023–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116110&r=ict |
| By: | Malo Mofakhami (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) |
| Abstract: | This article contributes to better understanding the relations between innovation and the evolution of working conditions and employment quality. Most studies on employment and innovation focus on the impacts of innovation on employment variation and turnover. However, few empirical works explicitly study the transformative role of new technology adoption in the qualitative dimensions of jobs. This article investigates the effect of new technology adoption on job quality and working conditions. Based on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) (2010), econometrics models identify at employee-level the combined influence of innovation with work organization practises on several job quality dimensions. We observe that new technology adoption is generally associated with better employment quality for workers in some ways, but, simultaneously, it leads to higher physical constraints and work-time intensity. Furthermore, our study highlights the heterogeneity of innovation diffusion effects according to work organization's practices. Our results suggest that more consideration should be given to the impact of technology diffusion on job quality. The increasing constraints on working conditions from innovation and information and communication technology use call for regulation setting. This article is an original contribution in answering the claims for more in-depth research on the links between employment variation and work transformations due to technological change. |
| Date: | 2021–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03282887&r=ict |
| By: | Joann Jasiak; Peter MacKenzie; Purevdorj Tuvaandorj |
| Abstract: | As Canada and other major countries investigate implementing ``digital money'' or Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), important questions need to be answered relating to the effect of demographic and geographic factors on the population's digital literacy. This paper uses the Canadian Internet Use Survey (CIUS) 2020 and survey versions of Lasso inference methods to assess the digital divide in Canada and determine the relevant factors that influence it. We find that a significant divide in the use of digital technologies, e.g., online banking and virtual wallet, continues to exist across different demographic and geographic categories. We also create a digital divide score that measures the survey respondents' digital literacy and provide multiple correspondence analyses that further corroborate these findings. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2301.07855&r=ict |
| By: | Nathalie Greenan (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Silvia Napolitano (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé); Imad El Hamma (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of digitalisation and organisational practices on innovation in Europe, between 2010 and 2016. We analyse the cross-country and industry differences in firms' investments and capabilities to adopt and use new technologies and their effects on innovation outputs. Along with traditional drivers of innovation, such as R&D expenditure, two indicators are constructed. One encompasses direct measures of the adoption and use in enterprises of a set of digital technologies. The other measures the learning capacity of organisations, which captures the use of management tools and organisational practices concerned with the improvement of individual and organisational learning. Product, process, organisational and marketing innovations are identified as well as their combination in the company, in order to explore possible synergies between them. Empirical evidence is provided by a unique dataset based on the integration at the sector within country level of EU-wide employers' and employees' surveys: the Community Innovation Survey, the Community ICT usage and e-commerce in enterprises surveys (Eurostat) and the European Working Conditions Survey (Eurofound). The descriptive evidence shows that Digital technologies adoption and use is rapidly growing across Europe while the Learning capacity of organisations remains stagnant. By contrast, our results from the econometric analysis show that their interaction has positive effects on innovations. In particular, a mix of product/process innovations with organisational/marketing innovations rests on joint investments in R&D, digital technology adoption and use and learning capacity. |
| Abstract: | Cet article étudie les effets de la digitalisation et des pratiques organisationnelles sur l'innovation en Europe, entre 2010 et 2016. Les différences entre pays et secteurs en matière d'investissements et de capacités des entreprises à adopter et à utiliser les nouvelles technologies sont analysées ainsi que les effets des technologies numériques sur les innovations. En plus des moteurs traditionnels de l'innovation, tels que les dépenses de R&D, deux indicateurs sont construits. L'un englobe des mesures directes de l'adoption et de l'utilisation par les entreprises d'un ensemble de technologies numériques. L'autre mesure la capacité d'apprentissage de l'organisation, prenant en compte l'utilisation d'outils de gestion et de pratiques organisationelles visant à améliorer l'apprentissage individuel et organisationnel. Les innovations de produit, de procédé, organisationelles et marketing sont identifiées ainsi que leur combinaison dans l'entreprise, afin d'explorer les éventuelles synergies quelles entretiennent entre elles. L'analyse empirique mobilise un ensemble de données unique, reposant sur l'intégration au niveau des secteurs au sein des pays de plusieurs enquêtes couvrant l'Union Européenne (UE) et conduites auprès des employeurs d'une part, des salariés d'autres part : l'enquête communautaire sur l'innovation (Eurostat), l'enquête sur l'utilisation des TIC et le commerce électronique dans les entreprises (Eurostat) et l'enquête européenne sur les conditions de travail (Eurofound). Les statistiques descriptives montrent que l'adoption et l'utilisation des technologies numériques augmentent rapidement en Europe alors que la capacité d'apprentissage des organisations stagne. L'analyse économétrique montre cependant que leur interaction a des effets positifs sur les innovations. En particulier, la combinaison d'innovations de produit/procédé et d'innovations organisationelle/marketing repose sur des investissements conjoints dans la R&D, l'adoption et l'utilisation des technologies numériques et la capacité d'apprentissage. |
| Keywords: | Digital technologies, learning capacity, innovation, knowledge production function, data integration of employers’ and employees’ surveys |
| Date: | 2022–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03941735&r=ict |
| By: | Moreira, Hugo |
| Abstract: | This study conducts a threefold analysis of the EU proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA). The first objective is a regulatory analysis of the proposal, focusing on the proposed structures for implementation, concepts, and key requirements for Artificial Intelligence (AI) producers. The second objective is a comparison with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and its complementarity in providing a robust response to the needs of operators and users of data-driven algorithmic technologies. The third objective is to examine the potential for harmonization of the EU internal market and competitiveness with non-EU markets. The analysis includes a regulatory comparison with the GDPR, which highlights the EU's digital economy policy based on national authorities, risk-based approaches and European bodies for harmonization. The analytical framework of the Brussels Effect is also applied to the AIA proposal, which expresses the intentions of the regulations, both from internal and external pressures. The study concludes that the AIA proposed by the European Commission has the potential to have a significant impact on the development and use of AI systems, particularly in the EU and for companies operating internationally. However, it also poses challenges in terms of implementation and enforcement, which could hamper growth. |
| Date: | 2023–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:59fbk&r=ict |