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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Naomitsu Yashiro; David Carey; Axel Purwin |
| Abstract: | This paper overviews structural reforms that promote the diffusion of digital technologies and investment in intangible capital that maximises the potential of these technologies in New Zealand. Effective use of digital technologies enables New Zealand citizens to participate in society in a more inclusive way, firms to strengthen competitiveness and better integrate into the global economy, and the government to offer better services. New Zealand has room to boost its relatively low productivity level by removing the structural bottlenecks holding back the expansion of its digital sector and digital innovation. There are severe shortages of specialised ICT skills owing to COVID-19-related border restrictions and a weak domestic pipeline of these skills that partly results from school students’ poor mathematics achievement. Some regulations have not kept pace with technological change and risk constraining digital innovation while failing to prevent harmful activities. More intensive use of digital tools is also held back by the low availability of high-speed Internet connections in rural areas and a lack of financial support for small businesses. Weak coordination between export promotion and innovation support prevents young firms investing in digital innovation from reaping high returns through exporting. New Zealand should rigorously implement its new national digitalisation strategy so that government agencies and social partners can advance digital transformation. |
| Keywords: | digital transformation, intangible capital, Internet, New Zealand, productivity, regulation, skills |
| JEL: | O33 O38 O43 O56 |
| Date: | 2022–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1707-en&r= |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo; Magaletti, Nicola; Cosoli, Gabriele; Giardinelli, Vito; Massaro, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | The following article estimates the value of ICT Specialists in Europe between 2016 and 2021 for 28 European countries. The data were analyzed using the following econometric techniques, namely: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS and Pooled OLS. The results show that the value of ICT Specialists in Europe is positively associated with the following variables: "Desi Index", "SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity", "At least 100 Mbps fixed BB take-up" and negatively associated with the following variables: "4G Coverage","5G Coverage", "5G Readiness", "Fixed broadband coverage", "e-Government", "At least Basic Digital Skills", "Fixed broadband take-up", "Broadband price index", "Integration of Digital Technology". Subsequently, two European clusters were found by value of "ICTG Specialists" using the k-Means clustering algorithm optimized by using the Silhouette coefficient. Finally, eight different machine learning algorithms were compared to predict the value of "ICT Specialists" in Europe. The results show that the best prediction algorithm is ANNArtificial Neural Network with an estimated growth value of 12.53%. Finally, "augmented data" were obtained through the use of the ANN-Artificial Neural Network, through which a new prediction was made which estimated a growing value of the estimated variable equal to 3.18%. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation. |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2022–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112241&r= |
| By: | Diane Coyle (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, University of Cambridge and The Productivity Institute); Jen-Chung Mei (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, University of Cambridge and The Productivity Institute) |
| Keywords: | Productivity, manufacturing, ICT, Decomposition |
| JEL: | O47 L16 L60 L86 |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anj:wpaper:018&r= |
| By: | Jean-Philippe BOUSSEMART (Univ. Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, F-59000 Lille, France); Zhiyang SHEN (School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China); Songkai WANG (School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China); Yu HAO (School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China) |
| Abstract: | As the primary industry in an economy, sustainable agricultural growth has attracted much attention from researchers and policy-makers worldwide. Digitalization reform and information technology greatly impact agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, improving high-quality development and green growth in the agricultural sector. Based on a measure of digitalization and a green productivity indicator, this paper investigates the impact of internet development on the economic and environmental performance of Chinese agriculture. Based on a measurement of digitalization and a green productivity indicator, this paper investigates the environmental performance and its relationship with internet development in the Chinese agricultural sector. The empirical results suggest that substantial green growth is observed in Chinese provincial agriculture, which is largely motived by technological progress. Internet popularization and digital technology indeed promote sustainable development in agriculture. Furthermore, the corresponding policy implications are provided to create a new path for steady growth in Chinese agriculture. |
| Keywords: | : Green growth; Internet development; Digitalization; Agricultural productivity |
| JEL: | O13 O47 P28 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ies:wpaper:e202204&r= |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo; Magaletti, Nicola; Cosoli, Gabriele; Massaro, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | The following article analyzes the determinants of e-government in 28 European countries between 2016 and 2021. The DESI-Digital Economy and Society Index database was used. The econometric analysis involved the use of the Panel Data with Fixed Effects and Panel Data with Variable Effects methods. The results show that the value of “e-Government” is negatively associated with “Fast BB (NGA) coverage”, “Female ICT specialists”, “e-Invoices”, “Big data” and positively associated with “Open Data”, “e-Government Users”, “ICT for environmental sustainability”, “Artificial intelligence”, “Cloud”, “SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity”, “ICT Specialists”, “At least 1 Gbps take-up”, “At least 100 Mbps fixed BB take-up”, “Fixed Very High Capacity Network (VHCN) coverage”. A cluster analysis was carried out below using the unsupervised k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient with the identification of 4 clusters. Finally, a comparison was made between eight different machine learning algorithms using "augmented data". The most efficient algorithm in predicting the value of e-government both in the historical series and with augmented data is the ANN-Artificial Neural Network. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation. |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2022–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112242&r= |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo; Magaletti, Nicola; Cosoli, Gabriele; Massaro, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | In this article the value of “Fixed Broadband Take Up” in Europe is investigated. Data are collected from the DESI-Digital Economy and Society Index for 28 countries in the period 2016-2021. Data are analyzed with Panel Data with Fixed Effects and Random Effects. The Fixed Broadband Take-Up value is positively associated with the value of "Connectivity", "Human Capital", "Desi Index", "Fast BB NGA Coverage", "Fixed Very High-Capacity Network VHCN coverage". Fixed Broadband Take-Up value is negatively associated with "Digital Public Services for Businesses", "e-Government", "At least Basic Digital Skills", "At Least Basic Software Skills", "Above Basic Digital Skills", "Advanced Skills and Development", "Integration of Digital Technology", "Broadband Price Index", "Mobile Broadband", "Fixed Broadband Coverage". Subsequently the k-Means algorithm optimized by the Silhouette coefficient was used to identify the number of clusters. The analysis shows the presence of the two clusters. Eight different machine learning algorithms were then used to predict the future value of the "Fixed Broadband Take-Up in Europe". The analysis shows that the most efficient algorithm for the prediction is "ANN-Artificial Neural Network" with an estimated value of the prediction equal to 26.39%. |
| Keywords: | nnovation, and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation. |
| JEL: | O3 O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2022–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112246&r= |
| By: | Miyake, Yusuke |
| Abstract: | In an AI society, ICT is being introduced in all sectors. This trend is expected to significantly impact an aging society with a declining birthrate, which is expected to accelerate in the future. The development of medical care and improvements in diet will promote longer life expectancy, while the spread of online services will promote more efficient labor, and the development of home appliances will greatly reduce the burden of housework and childcare. In this paper, we analyze how the increase in longevity and disposable time of households in an AI society will affect the decline in fertility based on an R&D model. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous Childcare cost - Endogenous lifetime - Two-sector growth model |
| JEL: | J11 J22 O41 |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112489&r= |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo; Magaletti, Nicola; Cosoli, Gabriele; Massaro, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | This article analyzes the determinants of the "Broadband Price Index" in Europe. The data used refer to 28 European countries between 2014 and 2021. The database used is the Digital, Economy and Society Index-DESI of the European Commission. The data were analyzed using the following econometric techniques, namely Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS and Dynamic Panel. The value of the "Broadband Price Index" is positively associated with the DESI Index, and "Connectivity" while it is negatively associated with "Fixed Broadband Take Up", "Fixed Broadband Coverage", "Mobile Broadband", "e-Government", "Advanced Skills and Development", "Integration of Digital Technology", "At Least Basic Digital Skills ", "Above Basic Digital Skills "," At Least Basic Software Skills ". A cluster analysis was carried out below using the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient. The analysis revealed the existence of three clusters. Finally, an analysis of the machine learning algorithms was carried out to predict the future value of the "Broadband Price Index". The result shows that the most useful algorithm for prediction is the Artificial Neural Network-ANN with an estimated value equal to an amount of 9.21%. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Diffusion Processes; Open Innovation |
| JEL: | O3 O30 O31 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2022–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112243&r= |
| By: | Mai, Nhat Chi |
| Abstract: | Technological products such as computer, communication, and consumer electronic products, apps, smart wearables, and streaming services have become inseparable from people’s lives. In technological fields of practice, imagination, creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship may influence one another. A vivid imagination can generate creativity and trigger the entrepreneurial intention to “bring new things to the market.” This study aims to understand the formation of internet entrepreneurial intention to use technology products. |
| Date: | 2022–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hr4sm&r= |
| By: | Ali, Hassan; Azhar, Maham; Zain, Marium; Shekhani, Hira; Muhammad Iqbal, Fahad |
| Abstract: | The tremendous advancement of information technology has altered the way education is delivered. Students are increasingly opting for e-learning in order to improve their academic success. Explanatory research was chosen since it is based on a well-established principle and clarifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Computer self-efficacy (CSE), goal-setting (GOS), meta-cognitive strategy (METS), and online environment (ONE) are independent variables, whereas academic performance is the dependent variable (ACS). The study examined multidimensional interactions in e-learning to investigate the impact of e-learning applications on academic success. The goal of the study is to increase students' academic performance. A questionnaire was used to collect data from students, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to prove assumptions. The positive relationship between goal setting, computer self-efficacy, metacognitive strategy, and social interaction with academic success was proposed in this study, and three of the five hypotheses were accepted. However, the finding shows that the relationship between goal setting and computer self-efficacy on academic success was insignificant. The findings of this study will assist higher education institutions in improving their e-learning methods and efforts. In addition, the research model employed helps to a better knowledge of e-learning in both theory and practice. |
| Keywords: | E-learning, goal-setting, metacognitive strategies, computer self-efficacy, online environment, academic success, developing economy, PLS-SEM. |
| JEL: | A2 A22 A23 M3 M38 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112308&r= |
| By: | Kalaj, Ermira; Merko, Flora |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the analyses of the digitalization of enterprises and its performance impact in Albania. Using data from 2019 Enterprise Surveys (ES) we try to give answer questions related to digitalization that characterize Albanian enterprises. The survey was a shared project of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB), and the World Bank Group (WBG). The data are collected in Albania between January and May 2019. The objective of the survey is to better understand firms` experience in the private sector. Collected data are based on firms’ experiences and perceptions of the environment in which they operate. The paper uses these specific questions to study Internet adoption. ES questionnaires focus on the following questions: (1) Does the firm have a high-speed Internet connection on its premises? (2) Does the establishment have its website? The dependent variable is the performance of the firms measured in terms of sales growth and labor productivity, while the vector of independent variables is composed of enterprise characteristics such as firm size, ownership structure, legal status, region, etc. Moreover, dummy variables are used to capture access to formal banking services and gender ownership. |
| Keywords: | Information,Firm Performance,Entrepreneurship,Digitalization |
| JEL: | L15 L25 L26 L86 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:251755&r= |
| By: | Joël Cariolle (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Florian Léon (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | Since 2020, the stringent distancing measures put in place around the world in response to the spread of the COVID virus have highlighted the vital importance of digital technologies for maintaining economic exchanges and social interactions. As a result, increased digitalization may have softened the deleterious impact of containment measures on economic activity and human capital in both developed and developing countries (Guillaumont, 2020; Ma et al, 2021, Chiou and Tucker, 2020). By reducing transaction costs and informational asymmetries (Aker, 2017; Goldfarb and Tucker, 2019), digital technologies are expected to boost firms' organizational and production capacities, to improve goods, services and financial markets functioning, to correct government failures, and therefore, to help them coping with the COVID crisis. |
| Date: | 2022–03–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03606071&r= |