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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Kuosmanen, Natalia; Seppälä, Timo; Ylhäinen, Ilkka |
| Abstract: | Abstract The environmental benefits and harms of information and communication technology (ICT) have been widely discussed in Finland since 2019. The climate impact of information and communication technology on the environment consists of three channels: procurement, the ICT sector’s own carbon footprint, and the impact on other sectors of the economy (incl. public sector). Indeed, focusing solely on one sector’s own emissions often leads to misleading conclusions about the industry’s carbon footprint. This study examines the evolution of greenhouse gas emissions in the ICT sector and its supply chains in 2008–2019. In addition, the study examines the countries from which greenhouse gas emissions in the ICT sector and its supply chain originate. |
| Keywords: | Information economy sector, Supply chain, Greenhouse gas emissions, Carbon neutrality |
| JEL: | L8 L82 L86 L94 |
| Date: | 2022–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:report:122&r= |
| By: | Olatunji A. Shobande (University of Aberdeen, UK); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | The struggle to combat climate change remains complex and challenging. Currently, two climate change approaches, namely, mitigation and adaptation, have been widely supported. These are empirical, requiring further explanation of the main drivers of carbon emissions. This research seeks to tackle this problem by providing a strategy to reduce climate change impacts. This study contributes to the existing empirical literature in several ways. It investigates whether education and information and communication technology (ICT) matter to promote environmental sustainability in the Eastern and Southern Africa. The empirical evidence is based on the third-generation panel unit root test and panel cointegration tests that account for the potential issue of structural breaks in the series. We further dissect the long and short run dynamics using the panel Granger causality approach. Our findings show the possibility of using education and clean technology investment in a complementary strategy for mitigating carbon emissions and promoting environmental sustainability in the sampled countries. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Sustainability; ICT; Education; Eastern Africa; Southern Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:22/006&r= |
| By: | Francesco Ciampi; Monica Faraoni; Jacopo Ballerini; Francesco Meli |
| Abstract: | This study is the first to provide a systematic review of the literature focused on the relationship between digitalization and organizational agility (OA). It applies the bibliographic coupling method to 171 peer-reviewed contributions published by 30 June 2021. It uses the digitalization perspective to investigate the enablers, barriers and benefits of processes aimed at providing firms with the agility required to effectively face increasingly turbulent environments. Three different, though interconnected, thematic clusters are discovered and analysed, respectively focusing on big-data analytic capabilities as crucial drivers of OA, the relationship between digitalization and agility at a supply chain level, and the role of information technology capabilities in improving OA. By adopting a dynamic capabilities perspective, this study overcomes the traditional view, which mainly considers digital capabilities enablers of OA, rather than as possible outcomes. Our findings reveal that, in addition to being complex, the relationship between digitalization and OA has a bidirectional character. This study also identifies extant research gaps and develops 13 original research propositions on possible future research pathways and new managerial solutions. |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2112.11822&r= |
| By: | Tugendhat, Henry; Voo, Julia |
| Abstract: | The Digital Silk Road (DSR) is a Chinese policy initiative launched in 2015, yet six years later there is relatively little concrete information about what it has achieved so far. Henry Tugendhat and Julia Voo offer a preliminary analysis of what the DSR entails in Africa. Discover their findings, including how Chinese lending for technology projects in Africa was actually greater before the launch of the DSR than after. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:caripb:602021&r= |
| By: | Joop Age Harm Adema; Cevat Giray Aksoy; Panu Poutvaara |
| Abstract: | How does mobile internet access affect the desire to emigrate and migration plans? To answer this question, we combine survey data on more than 600,000 individuals from 110 countries with data on worldwide 3G mobile internet rollout. We show that an increase in mobile internet access increases desire to emigrate. This effect is particularly strong for higher-income individuals in low-income countries. We identify three potential mechanisms. Access to the mobile internet lowers the cost of acquiring information and leads to a drop in perceived material well-being and trust in government. Using municipal-level data from Spain, we also document that 3G rollout increased actual migration flows. |
| Keywords: | Gender pay gap, university student employment, job types |
| JEL: | F22 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_365&r= |
| By: | Alhassan A-W Karakara (Covenant University, Nigeria); Evans S. Osabuohien (Covenant University, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Information and communication technology (ICT) has a crucial role in the individual, businesses and cooperative lives of citizens. Many studies on ICT access tend to concentrate on the supply side of improving access to ICTs; however, limited efforts have been made to examine the households’ demand side. Thus, this study contributes to the extant literature by investigating the demand side of ICT access by households. It also examines the socioeconomic characteristics that affect the households’ access and usage of ICTs, which create a somewhat digital divide between 'ICT have' and 'have not' in Burkina Faso and Ghana. It employs Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for both Burkina Faso and Ghana 2014 in achieving its objectives. The results, among others, underscore different threshold effects in access to ICTs Burkinabe and Ghanaian households. Thus, to enhance the households' ICT access, and consequently, usage the features of the households should be taken into consideration when developing ICT access policies. |
| Keywords: | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Households, ICT access and Usage, Threshold effect |
| JEL: | O14 R22 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abh:wpaper:21/055&r= |
| By: | Antinyan, Armenak (Cardiff University); Bellio, Stefania (Regione Veneto); Bertoni, Marco (University of Padova); Corazzini, Luca (Ca' Foscari University of Venice); Narne, Elena (Regione Veneto) |
| Abstract: | An Italian region introduced a web portal allowing women to manage online their appointment in the public cervical cancer screening program, besides the standard possibility of doing it via phone. We report quasi-experimental evidence on how access to the portal changes screening behaviour. We find that eligible women do manage their appointment online. The introduction of the portal also reduces attendance of the screening program. Two factors contribute to explain this finding. First, by encouraging women not to take a screening test if they performed an analogous one in the previous three years, the portal reduces overly-frequent screening. Second, the portal induces procrastination in rescheduling the appointment. We also find that, when they cancel their appointment online, women are more likely to share information about their screening episodes in the private health sector, that is useful to schedule future screening appointments. |
| Keywords: | ICT intervention, cervical cancer, screening uptake, quasi-experiment |
| JEL: | H51 O33 I12 D91 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14916&r= |
| By: | Mariagrazia Squicciarini; Jacopo Staccioli |
| Abstract: | This paper exploits natural language processing techniques to detect explicit labour-saving goals in inventive efforts in robotics and assess their relevance for different occupational profiles and the impact on employment levels. The analysis relies on patents published by the European Patent Office between 1978 and 2019 and firm-level data from ORBIS® IP. It investigates innovative actors engaged in labour-saving technologies and their economic environment (identity, location, industry), and identifies technological fields and associated occupations which are particularly exposed to them. Labour-saving patents are concentrated in Japan, the United States, and Italy, and seem to affect low-skilled and blue-collar jobs, along with highly cognitive and specialised professions. A preliminary analysis does not find an appreciable negative effect on employment shares in OECD countries over the past decade, but further research to econometrically investigate the relationship between labour-saving technological developments and employment would be helpful. |
| Date: | 2022–01–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:124-en&r= |
| By: | Laureti, Lucio; Costantiello, Alberto; Matarrese, Marco Maria; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In this article we evaluate the determinants of the Employment in Innovative Enterprises in Europe. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 36 countries in the period 2000-2019 with Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Dynamic Panel, WLS and Pooled OLS. We found that the “Employment in Innovative Enterprises in Europe” is positively associated with “Broadband Penetration in Europe”, “Foreign Controlled Enterprises Share of Value Added”, “Innovation Index”, “Medium and High-Tech Product Exports” and negatively associated to “Basic School Entrepreneurial Education and Training”, “International Co-Publications”, and “Marketing or Organizational Innovators”. Secondly, we perform a cluster analysis with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we found the presence of four different clusters. Finally, we perform a comparison among eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Employment in Innovative Enterprises” in Europe and we found that the Linear Regression is the best predictor. |
| Keywords: | Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Technological Change: Choices and Consequences • Diffusion Processes; Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital. |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111335&r= |