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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Gordon, Robert J; Sayed, Hassan |
| Abstract: | We examine the role of the ICT revolution in driving productivity growth behavior for the United States and an aggregate of ten Western European nations (the EU-10) from 1977 to 2015. We find that the standard growth accounting approach is deficient when it separates sources of growth between ICT capital deepening and TFP growth, because much of the effect of the ICT revolution was channeled through spillovers to TFP growth rather than being limited to the capital deepening pathway. Using industry-level data from EU KLEMS, we find that most of the 1995-2005 U.S. productivity growth revival was driven by ICT-intensive industries producing market services and computer hardware. In contrast the EU-10 experienced a 1995-2005 growth slowdown due to a paucity of ICT investment, a failure to capture the efficiency benefits of ICT, and performance shortfalls in specific industries including ICT production, finance-insurance, retail-wholesale, and agriculture. After 2005 both the U.S. and the EU-10 suffered a growth slowdown, indicating that the benefits of the ICT revolution were temporary rather than providing a new permanent era of faster productivity growth. This joint transatlantic post-2005 slowdown is consistent with the broader view that ongoing innovation has been less potent in boosting productivity growth compared to earlier decades of the postwar era. |
| Keywords: | Computers; Industry Structure; Information Technology; productivity slowdown |
| JEL: | E01 E24 O33 O47 O51 O52 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15011&r= |
| By: | Kang , Jong Woo (Asian Development Bank); Wang, Tengfei (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific); Ramizo, Dorothea (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The business-to-consumer (B2C) online commerce landscape is changing rapidly, supported by the technological innovation. However, its diffusion remains concentrated in developed and large economies and is creating a digital divide that excludes small and medium-sized enterprises and people with limited means. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic exposed an urgent need to close the divide, both within and across countries. This paper explores disparities in B2C online commerce revenues among selected Asian economies by investigating the role of technology adoption in B2C sales online. Using proprietary panel data to ensure comparability of B2C online commerce across countries and years, the study investigates empirically the possible drivers of B2C online commerce growth. This paper yields important insights for policy makers and businesses and provides evidence that internet access and speed, online security, and financial inclusiveness matter in facilitating internet retail sales. Governments should consider these as important issues in building an enabling environment that will help B2C online commerce adapt to the post COVID-19 world and ensure that innovations create opportunities for all. |
| Keywords: | broadband; e-commerce; financial inclusion; technology |
| JEL: | F13 F14 |
| Date: | 2021–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0632&r= |
| By: | De Rochambeau, Golvine; Hjort, Jonas; Iyer, Vinayak |
| Abstract: | Evidence suggests that firms in poor countries stagnate because they cannot access growth-conducive markets. We hypothesize that overlooked heterogeneity in marketing ability distorts market access. To investigate, we gave a random subset of Liberian firms vouchers for a week-long program that teaches how to sell to corporations, governments, and other large buyers. Firms that participate win about three times as many contracts, but only firms with access to the Internet benefit. We use a simple model and variation in online and offline demand to show evidence that this is because ICT dampens traditional information frictions, but not marketing barriers. |
| JEL: | D2 D83 O1 O25 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15219&r= |
| By: | Esther Enoch Yusuf; Abubakar Bala |
| Abstract: | Today, almost all banks have adopted ICT as a means of enhancing their banking service quality. These banks provide ICT based electronic service which is also called electronic banking, internet banking or online banking etc to their customers. Despite the increasing adoption of electronic banking and it relevance towards end users satisfaction, few investigations has been conducted on factors that enhanced end users satisfaction perception. In this research, an empirical analysis has been conducted on factors that influence electronic banking user's satisfaction perception and the relationship between these factors and the customer's satisfaction. The study will help bank industries in improving the level of their customer's satisfaction and increase the bond between a bank and its customer. |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2105.11184&r= |
| By: | Duch-Browne, Nestor; Grzybowski, Lukasz; Romahn, André; Verboven, Frank |
| Abstract: | Did the Internet make international markets more integrated? To address this question, we study long-term international price differences and their speed of convergence, based on a unique data base for identical goods sold in both online and traditional "brick-and-mortar'' distribution channels, covering ten European countries. We find that long-term international price differences are closely comparable between both distribution channels. Furthermore, international price differences converge only slightly faster online than offline, and the differences in the international price differences between online and offline converge at a very fast rate. Finally, regardless of the distribution channel, long-term price differences are lower and converge faster within the same currency union. Our findings imply that online markets are currently not more integrated than traditional markets. |
| Keywords: | difference-in-difference convergence; E-commerce; international price convergence; International price differences; market integration |
| JEL: | L13 L68 L86 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15031&r= |
| By: | Bante, Jana; Helmig, Felix; Prasad, Lara; Scheu, Lea Deborah; Seipel, Jean Christoph; Senkpiel, Helge; Geray, Markus; von Schiller, Armin; Sebudubudu, David; Ziaja, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | This study assesses whether the use of electronic government (e-government) services affects political attitudes. The results, based on evidence generated in Botswana, indicate that e-government services can, in fact, have an impact on political attitudes. E-government services are rapidly being rolled out around the globe. Governments primarily expect efficiency gains from these reforms. Whether e-government in particular, and information and communication technology (ICT) in general, affect societies is hotly debated. There are fears that democracy may be compromised by surveillance, censorship, fake news, interference in elections and other strategies facilitated by digital tools. This discussion paper adds to the nascent literature by investigating if the expanding e-government usage in Botswana affects individual support for democracy, regime satisfaction and interpersonal trust. Methodologically, the study relies on observational and experimental evidence. The observational approach assesses the impact of the usage of different e-services such as e-payments and electronic tax return filings on political attitudes. The experimental approach incentivises taxpayers to file their tax returns electronically. Both approaches build on an original in-person survey gauging the political attitudes of 2,109 citizens in Greater Gaborone. The survey was conducted in February and March 2020. In terms of results, we do not identify a general substantive effect for the impact of all e-services on political attitudes. For some of the e-services and attitudes tested, however, we find significant evidence. Furthermore, our study yields significant results for several of the linkages between the causal steps within our causal mechanisms. For instance, we find that e-government can empower citizens to engage in political activities and that, although e-government users on average report that the government is not addressing their needs, a simple incentivising message can significantly improve people's feelings in this regard. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:162021&r= |
| By: | Abubakar Bala; Esther Yusuf Enoch; Salisu Yakubu |
| Abstract: | This study examined the problems of personal income tax on revenue generation in Gombe state. The methodology used in data collection is survey, which utilized both primary and secondary types of data. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a sample of 150 respondents from both employees of state board of internal revenue service and tax payers in the state. The chi square statistics test was used in testing the hypotheses. The study found that tax avoidance/evasion and complete absences of information technology are serious problems affecting revenue generation in the state. It recommends that government should device strict measures in dealing and punishing individuals engage in tax avoidance and evasion. It should also employ the use of information technology as it is the only way problems experience in personal income tax collection can be reduced drastically. |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2105.10995&r= |
| By: | K M, SIBY; V Varghese, Dr.Varun |
| Abstract: | The testing times of Covid Pandemic had made online classes the new norm of academic transmission of knowledge. The inevitability of a smart device and Internet access in a student's life had made drastic changes in their academic perspectives. The present study aimed to analyze the attitude of students towards Internet and online classes based on data collected from 111 student respondents belonging to different age and education categories from different parts of the Ernakulam district of Kerala. The frequency analysis and Chi-Square analysis were applied to study the data and found that gender and age categories had no significant association with time spent on online classes while the education category of students shows a significant association. |
| Keywords: | Online Class, Internet Utilization, Chi-Square |
| JEL: | I21 I26 |
| Date: | 2021–05–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:107865&r= |
| By: | Callen, Michael |
| Abstract: | We evaluate a program in Pakistan that equips government health inspectors with a smartphone app which channels data on rural clinics to senior policy makers. The system led to rural clinics being inspected 104% more often after 6 months, but only 43.8% more often after a year, with the latter estimate not attaining significance at conventional levels. There is also no clear evidence that the increase in inspections led to increases in general staff attendance. In addition, we test whether senior officials act on the information provided by the system. Focusing only on districts where the app is deployed, we find that highlighting poorly performing facilities on a dashboard viewed by supervisors raises doctor attendance by 75%. Our results indicate that technology may be able to mobilize data to useful effect, even in low capacity settings. |
| Keywords: | Bureaucracies; Data-informed policy; health; Information Communication Technology |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15169&r= |
| By: | Berliant, Marcus |
| Abstract: | We examine the fine microstructure of commuting in a game-theoretic setting with a continuum of commuters. Commuters' home and work locations can be heterogeneous. A commuter transport network is exogenous. Traffic speed is determined by link capacity and by local congestion at a time and place along a link, where local congestion at a time and place is endogenous. The model can be reinterpreted to apply to congestion on the internet. We find sufficient conditions for existence of equilibrium, that multiple equilibria are ubiquitous, and that the welfare properties of morning and evening commute equilibria differ on a generalization of a directed tree. |
| Keywords: | Commuting; Internet traffic; Congestion externality; Efficient Nash equilibrium |
| JEL: | L86 R41 |
| Date: | 2021–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:107937&r= |