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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Hegadekatti, Kartik |
| Abstract: | Quantum Mechanical principles have brought about a revolution in the way we perceive our world and use technology. One of the possible impacts and usage of Quantum mechanics is in the field of economics. Quantum mechanics can be applied to build a new class of Blockchain systems. This paper explores that possibility. It deals with how Quantum Mechanics can be best implemented to bring into existence a new class of Blockchain systems. These Quantum Blockchains (called K-Chains) will have several advantages like possible Faster-Than-Light (FTL) communication of Transactions, Unlimited network capacity and the revolutionary prospect of an Off-line Blockchain which will not need to be connected to the internet for transactions to occur. Extrapolation of this likelihood can lead to the designing of Quantum Turing Machines which are based on Quantum Blockchain (K-Chain) Technology. Real time information and communication systems spanning distances across light-years will most likely be probable. This can allow Mankind to instantly exchange value and information across vast distances of space almost instantly. The paper starts by briefly explaining the basics of Blockchains, cryptocurrencies and relevant Quantum mechanical concepts. Then we discuss how Quantum mechanics can be amalgamated with Blockchain Technology to achieve K-Chains. Later we will delve into the various impediments that make achieving a Quantum Blockchain (K-Chain) difficult with present day hardware technology. The paper concludes by discussing the various aspects of Quantum Technology, Blockchain Systems and the possibilities of constructing a Blockchain based Quantum Turing Machines. |
| Keywords: | Quantum, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, RSBC, Controlled Blockchain, K-Y Protocol |
| JEL: | C63 C67 L14 L63 L86 O14 O33 Q55 |
| Date: | 2017–01–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82832&r=ict |
| By: | Gehl Sampath, Padmashree (UNCTAD) |
| Abstract: | The digital economy has been growing by leaps and bounds in recent years, mostly as a result of new digital technologies that are promoting a global transformation to industry 4.0. The resulting expansion of digital trade has sparked off a political and policy controversy on digital economy and e-commerce, where its boundaries stand and how best to regulate it. Policy discussions on the topic however do not take into account the true expanse of digital trade, which encompasses hardware, software, networks, platforms, applications and data as its core elements, and stretches the boundaries of e-commerce policy to trade in goods, services and intellectual property protection. This article focuses on the challenges in regulating the digital economy, with a particular focus on development, and offers a discussion of the interdependency between the economic, social, personal and developmental aspects of digital trade for developing countries. Section II opens with a detailed discussion on key digital technologies and their plausible impacts on employment globally and industrial catch-up of particular importance to developing countries, to highlight the divisive nature of digital technologies. Section III then analyses the unfulfilled promise of a pro-development perspective at the WTO looking at how multilateralism has currently failed e-commerce. In this section, the incoherence between digital realities and the policy debates at the WTO are presented to show how the institution might have become a means to legitimise national policies of industrialised countries on a universal level in this important area of policymaking. Norm-setting through FTAs is also analysed at length in section III of the article, which provides a comprehensive review of the plurilateral and bilateral policy developments in e-commerce. The ramifications for developing countries are discussed in the form of a couple of examples. Section IV presents some options for developing countries for the future at the national and international level. |
| Keywords: | digital economy, e-commerce, industry 4.0, digital trade, robotics and process automation, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, manufacturing, development, trade, free trade agreements, digital industrial policy |
| JEL: | L11 L23 L25 L41 L51 L81 L86 O19 O31 O33 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2018–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2018005&r=ict |
| By: | Hegadekatti, Kartik |
| Abstract: | Blockchain Systems and Ubiquitous computing are changing the way we do business and lead our lives. One of the most important applications of Blockchain technology is in automation processes and Internet-of-Things (IoT). Machines have so far been limited in ability primarily because they have restricted capacity to exchange value. Any monetary exchange of value has to be supervised by humans or human-based centralised ledgers. Blockchain technology changes all that. It allows machines to have unique identities and hence a virtual presence. Blockchain technology even allows for automated verification by the network of machines itself. It permits machines to exchange value and introduce the element of discretion in the hands of Machines. This can form the basis for ultimately developing IoT going on to Artificial Intelligence. This paper deals with the various interplays of Blockchain with Automation processes. Firstly, the concept of cryptocurrencies (also referred to as cryptocoins in this paper) is explained. Then the concept of Regulated and Sovereign Backed Cryptocurrencies (RSBCs) is discussed. Later on, I explain how Blockchain systems are related to IoT. Then we discuss the concept of Smart Mining that will lead to advanced Blockchain activity and Machine intelligence. Finally, the paper concludes as to how Blockchain technology will impact automation processes. |
| Keywords: | blockchain, bitcoin, cryptocurrency, rsbc, nationcoins, K-Y Protocol, automation, singularity |
| JEL: | L60 O14 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2017–02–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82869&r=ict |
| By: | Melisande Cardona (European Commission - JRC); Giuditta de Prato (European Commission - JRC); Montserrat Lopez-Cobo (European Commission - JRC); Riccardo Righi (European Commission - JRC); Sofia Samoili (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The PREDICT 2017 Factsheets present essential statistical data regarding the performance of the EU ICT sector. They provide figures and tables on general economic and industry trends and R&D performance. These Factsheets are the subject of three reports. This report on ‘Data in Current Prices’ and the second report on ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ present sets of Factsheets with data on each EU Member State, in comparison to the EU average. The third report presents Factsheets on the EU and 12 non-EU countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United States. |
| Keywords: | R&D, ICT, innovation, statistics, data collection, estimation, nowcasting, digital economy, ICT industry analysis, ICT R&D and innovation |
| JEL: | O30 O32 O52 C82 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc109547&r=ict |
| By: | Melisande Cardona (European Commission - JRC); Giuditta de Prato (European Commission - JRC); Montserrat Lopez-Cobo (European Commission - JRC); Riccardo Righi (European Commission - JRC); Sofia Samoili (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The PREDICT 2017 Factsheets present essential statistical data regarding the performance of the EU ICT sector. They provide figures and tables on general economic and industry trends and R&D performance. These Factsheets are the subject of three reports. This report on ‘Purchasing Power Standard’ and the second report on ‘Data in Current Prices’ present sets of Factsheets with data on each EU Member State, in comparison to the EU average. The third report presents Factsheets on the EU and 12 non-EU countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, India, Japan, Korea, Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United States. |
| Keywords: | R&D, ICT, innovation, statistics, data collection, estimation, nowcasting, digital economy, ICT industry analysis, ICT R&D and innovation |
| JEL: | O30 O32 O52 C82 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc109565&r=ict |