|
on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Simplice Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroun); Sara Le Roux (Oxford, UK); Nicholas Biekpe (Cape Town, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) complements carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to influence inclusive human development in forty-four Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured with internet penetration and mobile phone penetration. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments. The findings broadly show that ICT can be employed to dampen the potentially negative effect of environmental pollution on human development. We establish that: (i) ICT complements CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption to increase inclusive development; (ii) ICT interacts with CO2 intensity to negatively affect inclusive human development and (iii) the net effect on inclusive human development is positive from the complementarity between mobile phones and CO2 emissions per capita. Conversely, we also establish evidence of net negative effects. Fortunately, the corresponding ICT thresholds at which these net negative effects can be completely dampened are within policy range, notably: 50 (per 100 people) mobile phone penetration for CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; ICT; Economic development; Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:17/038&r=ict |
| By: | Simplice Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroun); Sara Le Roux (Oxford, UK); Nicholas Biekpe (Cape Town, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how increasing ICT penetration in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can contribute towards environmental sustainability by decreasing CO2 emissions. The empirical evidence is based the Generalised Method of Moments and forty-four countries for the period 2000-2012. ICT is measured with internet penetration and mobile phone penetration while CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption are used as proxies for environmental degradation. The following findings are established: First, from the non-interactive regressions, ICT (i.e. mobile phones and the internet) does not significantly affect CO2 emissions. Second, with interactive regressions, increasing ICT has a positive net effect on CO2 emissions per capita while increasing mobile phone penetration alone has a net negative effect on CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption. Policy thresholds at which ICT can change the net effects from positive to negative are computed and discussed. These policy thresholds are the minimum levels of ICT required, for the effect of ICT on CO2 emissions to be negative. Other practical implications for policy and theory are discussed. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; ICT; economic development; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:17/039&r=ict |
| By: | Telkmann, Verena (Department of Economics of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences); Kalka, Regine (Department of Economics of the Duesseldorf University of Applied Sciences) |
| Abstract: | Der Umsatz durch E-Commerce und auch die Anzahl der Online-Shopper in Deutschland steigt stetig. Die Online-Shops stehen jedoch vor dem Problem geringer Konversionsraten. Ein Ansatz zur Steigerung der Konversionsraten ist der Einsatz persönlicher Kommunikation in Form von Live-Chats. Es stellt sich nun die Frage, wie der Einsatz von Live-Chats in Online-Shops auf die Kaufentscheidung der Kunden wirkt. In einer Online-Erhebung wurden 385 Personen zu ihren Erfahrungen mit und ihren Erwartungen an Live-Chats befragt. 76 Personen haben bereits eine Beratung via Live-Chat in Anspruch genommen und 105 Personen haben ein Angebot für eine Beratung via Live-Chat erhalten, dies jedoch nicht genutzt. Insgesamt 204 Personen haben noch keine Erfahrungen mit Live-Chats gemacht, 98 dieser Personen könnten sich jedoch eine zukünftige Nutzung vorstellen. Für die empirische Untersuchung wurde ein Modell zur Wirkung von Live-Chats in Online-Shops auf die Kaufentscheidung entwickelt, um daraus Hypothesen abzuleiten, auf deren Grundlage die Untersuchung durchgeführt wurde. Die Hypothesen wurden anhand der Befragungsergebnisse der 76 Personen geprüft, die bereits Erfahrungen mit Live-Chats gemacht haben. Die Prüfung der Hypothesen hat gezeigt, dass qualitativ hochwertige Live-Chats mit einer hohen System-und Informationsqualität, in der Lage sind das wahrgenommene Risiko der Kaufentscheidung zu senken, Vertrauen zu dem Online-Shop aufzubauen und positive Kaufentscheidungen zu begünstigen. Live-Chats stellen daher eine Service-Form dar, die von den bisherigen Nutzern positiv bewertet wird und bieten weiteres Potenzial, da auch viele der bisherigen Nicht-Nutzer eine positive Einstellung zu Live-Chats zeigen und sich eine Beratung in Zukunft vorstellen können. Da ein Teil der Probanden jedoch kein Interesse an einer Beratung via Live-Chat gezeigt hat, sollten Live-Chats die etablierten Serviceformen zumindest in naher Zukunft lediglich ergänzen und nicht ersetzen. |
| Abstract: | The volume of sales achieved by e-commerce and the number of online-shoppers is constantly rising, but online-shops are facing the problem of low conversion rates. One approach to raise the conversion rates in online-shops is establishing personal communication through live-chats. The question is now, how the use of live-chats in online-shops is affecting the purchase decision of the customers. An online-survey was used to question 385 test persons about their experiences with live-chats in the past and their expectations concerning the use of live-chats. 76 persons have already used an advice via live-chat and 105 have gotten an offer to use an advice via live-chat but not actually used the live-chat. Overall 204 of the asked persons have never used a live-chat before, but 98 out of these 204 test persons can imagine using an advice via live-chat in the future. In the framework of the empirical study a model of how live-chats in online-shops affect the purchase decision was developed. Out of this model were hypotheses deduced, which formed the base for the empirical study. The hypotheses were tested by analyzing the data of the 76 people who already used live-chats. The analysis has evidenced that top-quality live-chats with high system quality and high information quality are able to remove uncertainty, build faith in the online-shop and promote positive purchase decisions. Live-chats are already successfully implemented in several online-shops and are accepted and positively rated by their users. In addition, live-chats have a high potential, which is actually unused, since a large part of the persons, who did not use live-chats before, has a positive attitude toward live-chats and can image to use them in the future. Because a part of the test persons has no interest in using live-chats, live-chats should be an addition to the classical service forms like hotlines and mail-support and not replace them in the near future. |
| Keywords: | Live-Chat, Online-Shop, Konversionsraten, Beratung, Kundenservice, conversion rates, advice, customer service |
| JEL: | M3 L86 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ddf:wpaper:fobe36&r=ict |
| By: | Briglauer, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the impact of a major European state aid programme for broadband deployment applied to rural areas in the German state of Bavaria in the years 2010 and 2011. We find that aided municipalities have—depending on quality— between 16.8 and 23.2 percentage points higher broadband coverage than non-aided municipalities. This increase in broadband coverage closes the digital divide but does not contribute to a further closing of the economic divide in the form of creating new jobs. |
| JEL: | D62 D73 G38 H23 J23 K23 L52 L96 L98 R23 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc17:168055&r=ict |
| By: | Kharina Dwinanda Putri (Magister Management-Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Tengku Ezni Balqiah Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | "Objective – The growth of online retailers has increased competition in online business. This situation has forced online retailers to design web atmospherics more attractively. This empirical study examines how web atmospherics, namely, web color and product display, will influence visitor responses. Methodology/Technique – The method was experimental design. Using factorial design and ANOVA, this paper investigates whether cool colors (versus warm) and models (versus without a model) generate more positive emotional arousal, attitude, and purchase intention. Four artificial websites, based on a combination of web color and product display (with versus without model), were developed; 120 participants evaluated each website between subjects. Findings – The result show that a cool color, with a model on the product display, can stimulate emotions and more positive attitude toward a website than any other combination. Furthermore, it will encourage purchase intention. Novelty – This research combines color and human models to offer apparel products on an artificial website. The combination can be implemented in a real apparel website to optimize an online business." |
| Keywords: | Website Color; Product Display; Customer Response, ANOVA |
| JEL: | M31 M37 |
| Date: | 2017–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jmmr143&r=ict |