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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Molina, Jose Alberto; Campaña, Juan Carlos; Ortega, Raquel |
| Abstract: | Internet use reduces the isolation or exclusion of individuals in specific socio-economic groups and, consequently, increases the quality of life, with this being especially the case for the elderly. Knowing that the elderly are becoming particularly active in dedicating time to the Internet, we provide evidence of the time that Spanish individuals aged 65 and older dedicate to two online activities: search and communications. Thus, our work contributes to the central objective of the Digital Agenda for Europa, which sets out to ensure universal broadband coverage across the European Union. We estimate a simultaneous SUR model with data from the 4,036 individuals aged 65 years (inclusive) and older from the Spanish Time Use Survey for 2009-2010. Results indicate that being male has a positive influence on the time devoted to search on the Internet, whereas age has a negative effect. Time devoted to both Internet activities increases with higher levels of education and at the highest level of individual health. By contrast, a greater number of family members has a negative influence on the time spent on search and, more so, on communications. Finally, living in a larger city produces a positive effect on the time dedicated to search. |
| Keywords: | Elderly, Internet, Time use, SUR model, Digital Agenda for Europa |
| JEL: | D12 J14 J22 |
| Date: | 2016–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:74419&r=ict |
| By: | Briglauer, Wolfgang; Dürr, Niklas S.; Falck, Oliver; Hüschelrath, Kai |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the impact of a major European state aid program for broadband deployment applied to rural areas in the German State of Bavaria in the years 2010 and 2011. Using difference-in-differences estimation strategies, we find that aided municipalities have - depending on broadband quality - a between 16.8 and 23.2 percent higher broadband coverage than non-aided municipalities. This increase in broadband coverage - closing the digital divide - results in an increase of on average seven employed individuals living in the respective aid-receiving municipalities while leaving the number of employed or selfemployed individuals or wages unaffected. We therefore conclude that an increase in broadband coverage through state aid prevents rural areas from depopulation, but does not contribute to a further closing of the economic divide in the form of creating new jobs. |
| Keywords: | government policy,state aid,ex-post evaluation,broadband,employment, rural areas,European Union,Germany,Bavaria |
| JEL: | D62 D73 G38 H23 J23 K23 L52 L96 L98 R23 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:16064&r=ict |
| By: | Aldasoro, Iñaki; Alves, Iván |
| Abstract: | Research on interbank networks and systemic importance is starting to recognise that the web of exposures linking banks balance sheets is more complex than the single-layer-of-exposure approach. We use data on exposures between large European banks broken down by both maturity and instrument type to characterise the main features of the multiplex structure of the network of large European banks. This multiplex network presents positive correlated multiplexity and a high similarity between layers, stemming both from standard similarity analyses as well as a core-periphery analyses of the different layers. We propose measures of systemic importance that fit the case in which banks are connected through an arbitrary number of layers (be it by instrument, maturity or a combination of both). Such measures allow for a decomposition of the global systemic importance index for any bank into the contributions of each of the sub-networks, providing a useful tool for banking regulators and supervisors in identifying tailored policy instruments. We use the dataset of exposures between large European banks to illustrate that both the methodology and the specific level of network aggregation matter in the determination of interconnectedness and thus in the policy making process. |
| Keywords: | interbank networks,systemic importance,multiplex networks |
| JEL: | G21 D85 C67 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:102r&r=ict |
| By: | Daria Arkhipova (Dept. of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Giovanni Vaia (Dept. of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); William DeLone (Kogod School of Business, American University); Carolina Braghin (Dept. of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice) |
| Abstract: | As companies progressively rely on mobile, social media, cloud and big data in their business, the very nature of IT function within an organisation changes from providing reliable and cost-effective IT support to actively searching new ways to leverage technology and create customer value. For scholars and practitioners alike, the question then arises as to which extent the well-established IT governance models still apply in the new digital context and, if they no longer do, what new models can be proposed to account for the changing demands placed on IT. Through an explorative case study, this paper provides insights on emerging IT governance models within a digital enterprise. Our findings seem to suggest that the role of IT has expanded beyond a robust infrastructure provider to the one a strategy and technology partner. In order to harness the full power of IT in this capacity, companies need to make their IT department more business-aware, incentivize lateral communication and cross-functional learning, and promote integration of previously disconnected functional units. |
| Keywords: | Governance, Digital transformation, Governance structures, Governance mechanisms |
| JEL: | M40 |
| Date: | 2016–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:123&r=ict |