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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Wenjie Chen; Fariha Kamal |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the effect of adopting internet-enabled information and communication technology (ICT) adoption on the decision to reorganize production across national borders (foreign boundary decision) by multinational enterprises (MNE). Using a transaction cost framework, we argue that ICT adoption influences foreign boundary decisions by lowering coordination costs both internally and externally for the firm. We propose that the heterogeneity in the technology’s characteristics, namely complexity and the production processes’ degree of codifiability, moderate this influence. Using a difference-in-differences methodology and exploiting the richness of confidential U.S. Census Bureau microdata, we find that overall ICT adoption is positively associated with greater likelihood of in-house production, as measured by increases in intra-firm trade shares. Furthermore, we find that more complex forms of ICT are associated with larger increases in intra-firm trade shares. Finally, our results indicate that MNEs in industries in which production specifications are more easily codified in an electronic format are less likely to engage in intra-firm relative to arms-length trade following ICT adoption. |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:16-01&r=ict |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (South Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (South Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | The ICT for Development Forum is an annual activity focused on knowledge sharing in the area of information and communication technology (ICT). This report, based on the forum held from 28 February to 1 March 2013 at the Asian Development Bank (ADB), attempts to gauge the impact of ICT on today’s learning paradigms. What are the impacts of ICT developments on today’s students and teachers? How is distance education changing the way education is being delivered? How is ADB helping developing members take advantage of ICT for education? How are massively open online courses and other disruptive learning paradigms affecting education? These are some of the questions tackled by experts from different countries and from ADB, and this report is the result of that discussion. |
| Keywords: | ict, education, students, development operations, online courses, teachers, distance education, learning paradigms, curriculum design, quality education, access to education, open learning, mooc, leapfrogging, e-learning, knowledge sharing |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt157438&r=ict |
| By: | Marc Bogdanowicz (European Commission – JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | This report explores the concept of Digital entrepreneurship and 18 current measurement frameworks that support the empirical analysis of entrepreneurship, its determinants, performance and impacts. The report points at the current strengths and weaknesses of the existing measurement frameworks to address the issues of Digital entrepreneurship, and indicates possible ways forward. |
| Keywords: | ICT, Innovation, ICT Innovation, Entrepreneurship, ICT Entrepreneurship, Digital entrepreneurship, Measurement framework |
| JEL: | D01 L26 M13 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc96465&r=ict |
| By: | Lirong Liu (Department of Economics and Finance, Texas A&M University - Commerce); Hiranya Nath (Department of Economics and International Business, Sam Houston State University) |
| Abstract: | Using panel data for 49 countries from 2000 to 2013, this paper empirically examines the impacts of ICT on exports and imports of ten service categories. Unlike most previous studies, seven different ICT variables are used to construct a comprehensive ICT development index (IDI) that captures the access, use, and skill aspects of the technology. The results indicate that overall ICT development has significant positive impacts on the exports of 'other business services' and 'transportation services' and the imports of 'insurance services', 'telecommunication services', and 'travel services'. This result is robust under different estimation methods. Among the three ICT components, ICT use is found to be more important than access and skills for trade in a number of services. Furthermore, when the models are estimated separately for advanced economics (AEs) and emerging market economies (EMEs), ICT development appears to be more important for exports from AEs and for imports by EMEs. Finally, ICT use is more important in EMEs than in AEs, particularly for imports. These results provide important policy insights for ICT development and growth of services trade. |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Advanced Economy (AE), Emerging Market Economy (EME), Services Exports, Services Imports, ICT Development Index (IDI), ICT Access, ICT Use, ICT Skills |
| JEL: | F12 F14 F15 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shs:wpaper:1601&r=ict |
| By: | Dongnyok Shim (College of Engineering, Seoul National University); Jin Gyo Kim (Graduate school of Business, Seoul National University); Jorn Altmann (College of Engineering, Seoul National University) |
| Abstract: | This study seeks to describe the dynamic effects of innovation characteristics and consumer innovativeness as conditioned by consumer decision making in the Korean E-book reader market. Dedicated Korean E-book readers have received little research attention over the last few years, as consumers’ interest in E-book readers has not been as high as was expected. This study identifies the barriers and bottlenecks impacting Korean consumers’ adoption of dedicated E-book readers based on the theories of innovation adoption and consumer behavior. Our estimation results indicate that complexity was the main bottleneck blocking the adoption of dedicated E-book readers in every decision-making stage (cognitive-affective-behavioral), whereas observability was the driver stimulating adoption in every stage. Moreover, the relative advantage of dedicated E-book readers is significant only in the affective stage, while compatibility is meaningful only in the behavioral stage. The results of this study provide useful guidelines to help marketers and engineers design dedicated e-book readers and promote them in Korea. |
| Keywords: | : Innovation Adoption Theory, Hierarchy of Effects Model, Innovativeness, Multivariate Probit Model, E-Book Reader, South Korea. |
| JEL: | C11 C31 C83 D12 D85 O32 O33 M31 M37 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:snv:dp2009:2016129&r=ict |