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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Antonio Russo (KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland); Anna D’Annunzio (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the implications of Network Neutrality regulation for Internet fragmentation. We model a two-sided market, where Content Providers (CPs) and consumers interact through Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and CPs sell consumers’ attention to advertisers. Under Network Neutrality, CPs can have their traffic delivered to consumers by ISPs for free, while in the Unregulated Regime they have to pay a (non-discriminatory) termination fee. In our model multiple impressions of an ad on a consumer are partially wasteful. Thus, equilibrium ad rates decrease when the audiences of CPs overlap. We show that universal distribution of content is always an equilibrium when Network Neutrality regulation is in place. In contrast, when competition among CPs strongly reduces their profits, in the Unregulated Regime ISPs can use termination fees to induce fragmentation and extract CPs’ extra profits. This occurs when repeated impressions of an ad rapidly lose value and consumers care for content availability to a relatively small extent. Our results suggest that the Unregulated Regime is never superior to Network Neutrality from a consumer surplus and social welfare point of view. |
| Keywords: | Network Neutrality, two-sided markets, Internet, advertising, fragmentation |
| JEL: | L1 D43 L13 L51 |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kof:wpskof:13-344&r=ict |
| By: | Panagiotis Kampylis (JRC/IPTS); Nancy Law (University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong); Yves Punie (JRC/IPTS); Stefania Bocconi (Italian National Research Council, The Institute for Educational Technology); Barbara Bre?ko (JRC/IPTS); Seungyeon Han (Hanyang Cyber University, South Korea); Chee-Kit Looi (National Institute of Education, Singapore); Naomi Miyake (The University of Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | This report presents three cases of ICT-enabled innovation for learning from Europe (eTwinning, 1:1 Learning in Europe and Hellerup School in Denmark) and four cases from Asia (e-Learning Pilot Scheme in Hong Kong SAR, Knowledge Construction with Technology (CoREF) in Japan, Third Masterplan for ICT in Education (mp3) in Singapore and Digital Textbook project in South Korea), covering aspects such as the context, scale and nature of innovation, the intended learning outcomes, the role of technology, and implementation strategies. Based on desk research, case reports, consultation with education stakeholders from Europe and Asia, and in-depth expert interviews, the necessary conditions for sustainability, scalability and impact at system level are analysed. Thus, the report brings evidence to the debate about the mainstreaming of ICT-enabled innovation for learning in Europe and beyond, contributing to the Europe 2020 Strategy to modernize Education and Training across Europe. |
| Keywords: | ICT-enabled innovation for learning, Creative Classrooms, conditions for sustainability and scalability of educational innovation, ecological framework for mainstreaming educational innovation, |
| JEL: | I20 I21 I28 I29 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc83503&r=ict |
| By: | Jonathan Timmis |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of Internet technology on how firms access export markets - directly or via intermediaries. Empirical evidence suggests that technology diffusion is geographically localised, with spillover effects from neighbouring firms decaying quickly over short distances. To address the endogeneity of Internet adoption, I construct an instrument that captures these local network effects, by matching IP addresses to firm locations. Using a cross-section of firms in 18 developing countries I find that Internet access magnifies direct trade with no discernible effect on intermediated trade. Adopting the Internet because of local networks increases direct exports as a proportion of firm sales by 32-36%. The analysis is robust to consideration of a wide-range of potentially omitted variables. |
| Keywords: | Internet, technology, intermediation, international trade, heterogeneous firms |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notgep:13/05&r=ict |
| By: | FARHADI, MARYAM; SALEHI, HADI; EMBI, MOHAMED AMIN; FOOLADI, MASOOD; FARHADI, HADI; AGHAEI CHADEGANI, AREZOO; Ale Ebrahim, Nader |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear. |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development, H-index, Middle East |
| JEL: | G0 G00 G20 M1 O29 P4 |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:51367&r=ict |