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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Jean Paul Simon; Marc Bogdanowicz (Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre, European Commission) |
| Abstract: | This policy brief offers a structured review of the major transformations the MCI industries have been going through. It provides some insights into the policy questions these transformations are raising. New ways of implementing policies are suggested and their effectiveness in a digital world is discussed. The first section gives some figures showing the significance of the MCI industries. The second section follows the digital shifts and its impact. The third section reviews the policies. |
| Keywords: | media, ICT, digital shift, EU policies |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc77932&r=ict |
| By: | Christian Jaag |
| Abstract: | Network industries are traditionally strongly influenced by sector-specific regulation; especially universal service obligations (USO) play an important role. In these sectors, USO impact market forces by shaping competition asymmetrically. They also interfere with other regulations such as intellectual property laws which are of increasing importance in these industries. This interaction has recently become of interest in the postal sector due to its recent convergence with telecommunications and the emergence of innovative services at the interface of the two sectors. In free markets, the design of intellectual property right trades off investment incentives against market distortions due to (temporary) exclusive rights. USO distort competition and thereby affect the optimal solution of this trade-off. The paper discusses various aspects of the influence of patents on universal service provision. It also illustrates these effects by means of a simple model of an innovation race under asymmetric regulation and with forced licensing to derive regulatory and policy implications to safeguard a cost-effective and consumer-oriented provision of universal services. |
| Keywords: | Universal service obligation, Communications, Intellectual Property |
| JEL: | L51 O34 |
| Date: | 2013–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chc:wpaper:0040&r=ict |
| By: | Andra Leurdijk (TNO); Silvain de Munck (TNO); Tijs van den Broek (TNO); Arjanna van der Plas (TNO); Walter Manshanden (TNO); Elmer Rietveld (TNO) |
| Abstract: | This report offers a quantitative statistical approach to the Media and Content Industries (MCI). It is based on official data sources and complemented with data from non-official data sources. The current OECD definition of the MCI sector is discussed, as regards the limitations of the definition itself and of its operationalization. The approach taken in the collection of data, and also problems with data availability, are dealt with. The official data sources consulted include Eurostat data for EU Member States, the OECD and national statistical offices. In addition, the report draws on a number of non-official sources which complement official statistics and contribute to a better analysis and understanding of the economic profile of the MCI sector, particularly when describing new developments not (yet) covered by official statistics. Data from non-official sources to describe some emerging trends regarding the effect of ICT on the MCI are also provided. The study contains an economic profile of the Media and Content Industries for the individual EU Member States and for the US, Japan, India and China. |
| Keywords: | Media, ICT, Digital shift, EU policies, Copyright |
| JEL: | L1 L5 L82 |
| Date: | 2012–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc69435&r=ict |
| By: | Frans A. van der Zee (TNO) |
| Abstract: | This report assesses what is new about Asian growth, focusing primarily on the ‘external’ dynamics of change (the roles of inter-country growth and networks, trade and FDI – i.e. the context of globalization). |
| Keywords: | Asia, Growth, China, Asian Economy, Asian crisis, ICT |
| JEL: | F01 |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc70816&r=ict |
| By: | Amel Attour |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche analyse les déterminants à l’origine de l’adoption de l’e-Gouvernement par les communes. Comme le met en évidence la littérature empirique, la mise en place d’une offre de services numériques est conjointement déterminée par les caractéristiques internes aux communes et par un effet d’apprentissage informationnel par l’observation des communes géographiquement voisines ou similaires en taille de population. Comme contribue à le montrer le présent article, analysé au niveau des communes d’appartenance départementale similaire, l’influence de ces déterminants sur le choix d’adoption de l’e-Gouvernement local est spécifique au territoire. L’adoption de l’e-Gouvernement par les communes peut en effet être expliquée par une logique de diffusion verticale, en plus d’une logique d’imitation par apprentissage observationnel des communes géographiquement voisines. L’adoption de l’e-Gouvernement par les communes relève en effet de modèles de diffusion régionale différents selon la taille des communes. |
| Keywords: | Innovation de politique publique, e-Gouvernement local, modèles de diffusion régionale de l’innovation (theory of diffusion policy), communes. |
| JEL: | L86 L88 M15 O32 R58 |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2013-12&r=ict |
| By: | Bernarda Zamora (European Commission – JRC - IPTS) |
| Abstract: | The report presents two different methodologies and indicators to assess the economic impact of eHealth technologies, with a focus on Integrated Personal Health Systems and telehealth. The first part, presents a cost-effectiveness indicator representing the break even between the market value of teleheath applications and the savings in hospitalisation they lead to. The break even thus measures the daily cost per monitored patient for which the telehealth monitoring costs equal the savings from reduced hospitalisation. The main contribution of this methodology, which is based on an extrapolation model, lies in the level of detail and the novelty of the international database constructed for clinical metrics and health expenditures in relation to three chronic conditions: chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes. Furthermore, the assumption made on the parameters, prices and deployment levels used to measure typical levels of impact of telecare and teleheath treatments are based on documented evidence from the most recent and relevant projects in the field, such as the Whole System Demonstrator in England, and an ongoing telehealth project for cardiac patients in Lombardy, Italy. The saving in hospilatisation obtained, which are on the order of €2 per patient-day for several countries such as the UK, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Belgium, suggest an acceptable price or reimbursement rate for providers, should the deployment level be sufficiently high and technologies capable of tackling co-morbidities so as to exploit economies of scale and scope. Secondly, the report presents projections to 2020 and 2030 for total health, public and hospital expenditures in the EU27 Member States. These projections result from the use of econometric models to measure the contribution of health technologies to the growth in real per capita health expenditure, taking into account country-specific supply-side effects. The projections presented contribute to recent studies, in particular to the model presented by DG ECFIN in The 2012 Ageing Report, by estimating the effect of eHealth, represented through several country-level indicators, on country-specific total supply-side effects. As a result, the impact of eHealth is quantified by comparing the projections from what we define as the baseline scenario (i.e. constant eHealth deployment level) and those from two different policy scenarios which assume two different levels of increase in eHealth deployment. Despite country heterogeneity, the expected results at EU27 level from a strong eHealth intervention - with increasing deployment at hospital level, broadband penetration and general ICT health expenditure – point out a decrease in the hospital spending-to-GDP ratio. This reduction can be very important in countries where the contribution of supply-side factors to the growth of health spending is high, such as Estonia, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. In the case of total and public health spending, it is remarkable that countries leading the implementation of eHealth projects (i.e. UK and Ireland) can benefit from an expected reduction in real health expenditures. |
| Keywords: | Integrated Personal Health Systems, chronic diseases, telehealth, health expenditures, hospitalisation, Non-demographic Costs (NDC) |
| JEL: | H51 I12 I18 I19 J11 |
| Date: | 2012–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc71183&r=ict |
| By: | Giuditta De Prato (Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre, European Commission); Daniel Nepelski (Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre, European Commission) |
| Abstract: | The Commission Communication entitled "A Strategy for ICT R&D and Innovation in Europe: Raising the Game" proposes reinforcing Europe's industrial and technology leadership in ICT. Building on Europe's assets, the Communication anticipates a landscape where, by 2020, "(…) Europe has nurtured an additional five ICT poles of world-class excellence (…)". This study attempts to identify ICT R&D&I-related agglomeration economies in Europe that would meet world-level excellence, and to identify weak signals that would indicate the dynamics of a changing ICT-related economic geography in Europe. Both of those identification processes are based on quantitative data, built on a set of relevant criteria leading to measurable indicators. The study is developed around several tasks, the results of which are presented in a series of IPTS working papers. This first Working Paper synthesises the conclusions of the conceptual and empirical literature review that was carried out both at the beginning of the study. It summarises the most prominent concepts discussed in the relevant literature, the methods that were developed and leads to a definition of the European ICT Poles of Excellence that will guide later work. |
| Keywords: | ICT, excellence, poles of excellence |
| Date: | 2013–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc77962&r=ict |