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on Information and Communication Technologies |
| By: | Catherine Tucker (MIT Marketing) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how internet users' perception of control over their personal information affects how likely they are to click on online advertising. The paper uses data from a randomized field experiment that examined the relative effectiveness of personalizing ad copy to mesh with existing personal information on a social networking website. The website gave users more control over their personally identifiable information in the middle of the field test. The website did not change how advertisers used anonymous data to target ads. After this policy change, users were twice as likely to click on personalized ads. There was no comparable change in the effectiveness of ads that did not signal that they used private information when targeting. The increase in effectiveness was larger for ads that used less commonly available private information to personalize their message. This suggests that giving users the perception of more control over their private information can be an effective strategy for advertising-supported websites. |
| Keywords: | Social Networks, Privacy, Online Advertising |
| JEL: | M37 |
| Date: | 2010–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:1007&r=ict |
| By: | Paul D. Jackson; Jane Klobas |
| Abstract: | In this paper we examine how the use of Web 2.0 tools (such as Wikis, Blogs, Social Networking) might provide a digital foundation for a Transactive Memory System (TMS). TMS facilitate knowledge sharing and retrieval processes in groups by the use of a well-maintained knowledge directory. The theory of TMS explains how it is that a group appears to have a "group mind" and research shows that a well functioning TMS improves group performance. Web 2.0 software embeds data about authors, interested parties and related information into the content created in these tools, constituting essentially a knowledge directory which can be used to locate knowledge seekers or advise them of content they may be interested in. Consequently, the use of Web 2.0 tools may improve knowledge absorption and utilisation by supporting TMS. This is a conceptual paper, which seeks to provide a link between Web 2.0 and TMS and, by implication, enhancement in the functioning of groups and organisations. |
| Keywords: | transactive memory systems, TMS, social software, Web 2.0, collective learning, knowledge sharing, knowledge management |
| Date: | 2010–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:don:donwpa:030&r=ict |
| By: | Jan Brase |
| Abstract: | Since 2005, the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) has offered a successful Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registration service for persistent identification of research data. In 2009, TIB, the British Library, the Library of the ETH Zurich, the French Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (INIST), the Technical Information Center of Denmark, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI) the Australian National Data Service (ANDS) and the Dutch TU Delft Library all signed a Memorandum of Understanding to improve access to research data on the internet. The goal of this cooperation is to establish a not-for-profit agency called DataCite that enables organisations to register research datasets and assign persistent identifiers to them, so that research datasets can be handled as independent, citable, unique scientific objects. |
| Keywords: | Persistent Identifier, Research Data |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsw:rswwps:rswwps149&r=ict |
| By: | Heli Koski |
| Abstract: | This study uses a unique survey data from 398 Finnish manufacturing firms to explore how the order of magnitude of mobility and connectivity of a firm’s ICT stock in conjunction with various organizational innovation and HRM practices affect the firm’s performance. The data suggest that mobile connectivity as such does not significantly contribute to the firm’s growth and profitability. However, the empirical results find support for the agency theory based argument : a greater mobility associated with the use of a pertinent economic incentive scheme and a systematic performance monitoring seems to promote the firm’s growth. In addition, re-organization of tasks within an organization is implemented most successfully, boosting profitability, when the firm’s re-organization strategy incorporates the adoption of mobile, Internet-connected IT stock. |
| Keywords: | ICT use, mobility, connectivity, organizational practices, firm performance |
| JEL: | L25 M52 M54 O33 |
| Date: | 2010–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:dpaper:1222&r=ict |
| By: | Olaf Siegert |
| Abstract: | Die ZBW (Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften) beschäftigt sich vor allem im Kontext ihrer Open-Access-Aktivitäten mit Forschungsdaten. Dabei stehen die Daten nicht allein, sondern sind jeweils auf eine bestimmte Text-Publikation bezogen und werden mit dieser zusammen veröffentlicht („related data“). Im Vortrag wird anhand des Open-Access-Journals „Economics“ und des EU-Projekts „NEEO – Networked of European Economists Online“ dargestellt, in welcher Form Forschungsdaten hier eine Rolle spielen und welche spezifischen Rahmenbedingungen für das Management der Daten bestehen. Daran anschließend werden die gewählten technischen und organisatorischen Lösungen zur Speicherung und Bereitstellung vorgestellt. |
| Keywords: | Open Access, Research Data, Scientific Use, Public Use |
| JEL: | C89 L86 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsw:rswwps:rswwps158&r=ict |
| By: | Jean-Yves Hamel (Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme) |
| Abstract: | This study frames a review of information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) within the human development and capabilities approach. Looking at the basic dimensions of human development, which make up the core measurement of its achievements: health, education and a income, and additionally at the dimensions of participation and empowerment, a survey of research and evidence seeks to evaluate whether or not ICTs have demonstrated positive outcomes for these dimensions of human development and more broadly to the practice of its approach. The paper reviews the literature and research conducted in these dimensions in order to establish a sense of the scope and potential that ICTs have for human development. By doing so, the paper seeks to assess whether or not the use of ICTs is pertinent to the human development of the poor, and if so, which are documented cases and outcomes that can perhaps be replicated in differing development contexts. The paper also seeks to answer questions on the role of government policy and investment in ICTs as keys to their success in development and whether or not ICTs should be emphasized at all in poor countries. The paper concludes with the important realisation that ICTs alone cannot improve peoplesÕ lives; the use of ICTs needs to occur within broader strategies that are tailored to make the most use of these tools and techniques in order to reap their potential benefits for human development. |
| Keywords: | human development, information and communication technology, ICT4D, telecommunications reform, empowerment, participation. |
| JEL: | D1 I0 O3 O15 Z1 |
| Date: | 2010–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hdr:papers:hdrp-2010-37&r=ict |
| By: | Franz Huber |
| Abstract: | A widespread assumption in economic geography and the economics of innovation is that firms located in clusters benefit from territorial learning and knowledge spillovers. However, it remains unclear to what extent these benefits actually occur. This paper aims to address this issue and examines to what extent research and development (R&D) workers in the Cambridge Information Technology (IT) Cluster benefit from being located in the Cluster. The study shows why many do not believe that their work benefits from being located in the Cluster. The results suggest that academics as well as policy makers need to be more careful with the assumption of technological knowledge spillovers in innovative clusters. The significant advantages of the Cambridge IT Cluster seem to be of a different nature; in particular they concern labour market advantages and benefits from the global ‘brand’ of Cambridge. |
| Keywords: | Clusters; Knowledge Spillovers; Territorial Learning; Agglomeration Economies |
| JEL: | D83 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aal:abbswp:10-21&r=ict |
| By: | Jan Kraemer (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Information Systems and Management); Lukas Wiewiorra (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Information Systems and Management) |
| Abstract: | We consider a two-sided market model with a monopolistic Internet Service Provider (ISP), network congestion sensitive content providers (CPs), and Internet customers in order to study the impact of Quality-of-Service (QoS) tiering on service innovation, broadband investments, and welfare in comparison to network neutrality. We find that QoS tiering is the more efficient regime in the short-run. However it does not promote entry by new, congestion sensitive CPs, because the ISP can expropriate much of the CPs' surplus. In the long-run, QoS tiering may lead to more or less broadband capacity and welfare, depending on the competition-elasticity of CPs' revenues. |
| Keywords: | Telecommunications, Net Neutrality, Quality of Service, Innovation, Investment, Regulation |
| JEL: | D42 L12 L43 L51 L52 L96 |
| Date: | 2010–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:1009&r=ict |