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on Human Capital and Human Resource Management |
| By: | Picchio, Matteo; van Ours, Jan C. |
| Abstract: | High temperatures can have a negative effect on workplace safety for a variety of reasons. Discomfort and reduced concentration caused by heat can lead to workers making mistakes and injuring themselves. Discomfort can also be an incentive for workers to report an injury that they would not have reported in the absence of heat. We investigate how temperature affects injuries of professional tennis players in outdoor singles matches. We find that for men injury rates increase with ambient temperatures. For women, there is no effect of high temperatures on injuries. Among male tennis players, there is some heterogeneity in the temperature effects, which seem to be influenced by incentives. Specifically, when a male player is losing at the beginning of a crucial (second) fourth set in (best-of-three) best-of-five matches, the temperature effect is much larger than when he is winning. In best-offive matches, which are more exhausting, this effect is age-dependent and stronger for older players. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, temperatures, tennis, injuries, health |
| JEL: | J24 J81 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1487 |
| By: | Piotr Danisewicz (Tilburg University - Department of Finance); Steven Ongena (University of Zurich - Department Finance; Swiss Finance Institute; KU Leuven; NTNU Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)) |
| Abstract: | How does pay transparency affect the granting of credit by loan officers? We answer this question by studying the impact of the introduction of pay transparency laws across nine U.S. states with both individualand bank level data. Pay transparency laws spur bank employees, in particular loan officers, to leave for non-banks. Wages are traditionally higher there, and banks respond to these additional employee departures by increasing their own employee compensation. This catch-up in bank wages and the potential new hiring of employees then ostensibly leads to more bank risk-taking and lower bank loan performance. |
| Keywords: | Pay transparency, wage increases, financial institutions, loan performance |
| JEL: | J31 G21 G23 G01 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2441 |
| By: | Black, Ines (Duke University); Figueiredo, Ana (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | We show that occupation mobility creates the illusion of cyclical hiring wages. Using administrative data, we find that wages of new hires who remain in the same occupation are no more cyclical than those of existing workers, whereas wages of occupation switchers are highly cyclical. We uncover higher wage cyclicality also among workers who switch occupations within the same firm. Moreover, wage cyclicality increases, the more different current and previous occupations' required skills. Our results suggest that the widely documented cyclicality of entry wages reflects composition effects due to changes in match quality in worker's occupation, rather than wage flexibility. |
| Keywords: | wage cyclicality, occupational mobility, reallocation, match quality |
| JEL: | J31 J61 E24 E32 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17189 |
| By: | Sonia B. Di Giannatale (Division of Economics, CIDE); Itza Tlaloc Quetzalcoatl Curiel-Cabral (Division of Economics, CIDE); Genaro Basulto (Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon) |
| Abstract: | We propose a dynamic principal-agent model where the agent's initial bargaining power is the state variable and a law of motion that governs their bargaining power's behavior. Our numerical results indicate that agents with the same relative risk aversion might show dif- ferent paths of their bargaining powers, and that more powerful the incentives ensue higher variability in the agent's salary. We implement an empirical equation to identify CEOs' bar- gaining power and find a set of values of the state variable for which the proposed dynamics explains well the relationship between firm performance and CEO compensation. Finally, by analyzing a panel sample of annual observations for 9, 084 CEOs in the U.S., we conclude that our estimates are consistent with empirical findings of a slow yearly growth in CEOs' compensation. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic Analysis, Contract Theory, Executive Compensation |
| JEL: | C61 D86 J33 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:emc:wpaper:dte630 |
| By: | Bhan, Prateek Chandra; Vornberger, Judith; Wen, Jinglin |
| Abstract: | Despite increasing mental health problems and an existing care gap among university students, cost-effective solutions to bridge this gap are still lacking. Using a reflection intervention, we conduct a randomized controlled trial with undergraduate students in Germany. As part of a thought experiment, the treatment group reflected for ten minutes on questions related to stressors and their remedies. Combining survey and administrative data we find a significant improvement in students' mindful behavior, mental health and well-being as well as perseverance in performance. Our results show the self-empowering potential of a low-cost soft-touch intervention in students to aid their mindful behavior, mental health and well-being as well as performance and thus demonstrate one way universities as institutions can provide support. |
| Keywords: | Mental health, students, experiment, stress, coping strategy, Germany |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cexwps:301857 |
| By: | Bettiol, Marco; Capestro, Mauro; Di Maria, Eleonora; Ganau, Roberto |
| Abstract: | Does Industry 4.0 technology adoption push firms’ labor productivity? We contribute to the literature debate—mainly focused on robotics and large firms—by analyzing adopters’ labor productivity returns when micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) are concerned. We employ original survey data on Italian MSMEs’ adoption investments related to a multiplicity of technologies and rely on a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Results highlight that Industry 4.0 technology adoption leads to a 7% increase in labor productivity. However, this effect decreases over time and is highly heterogeneous with respect to the type, the number, and the variety of technologies adopted. We also identify potential channels explaining the labor productivity returns of technology adoption: cost-related efficiency, new knowledge creation, and greater integration/collaboration both within the firm and with suppliers. |
| Keywords: | Industry 4.0; Italy; labor productivity; MSME; technology adoption |
| JEL: | R14 J01 J1 |
| Date: | 2024–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124545 |