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on Human Capital and Human Resource Management |
| By: | Jose Maria Millan (University of Huelva, Spain); Emilio Congregado (University of Huelva, Spain); Concepcion Roman (University of Huelva, Spain); Mirjam van Praag (ACE, University of Amsterdam); Andre van Stel (EIM Business and Policy Research, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands) |
| Abstract: | Human capital obtained through education has been shown to be one of the strongest drivers of entrepreneurship performance. The entrepreneur's human capital is, though, only one of the input factors into the production process of her venture. The value of other input factors, such as (knowledge) capital and labor is likely to be affected by the education level of the possible stakeholders in the entrepreneur’s venture. The education distribution of the (local) population may thus shape the supply function of the entrepreneur. Likewise, the demand function faced by the entrepreneur is also likely to be shaped by the taste, sophistication and thus the education level of the population in their role as consumers. In other words, a population with a higher education level may be associated with (i) a working population of higher quality; (ii) more and/or higher quality universities with a positive effect on research and development (R&D) and knowledge spillovers leading to more high tech and innovative ventures; and finally, (iii) a more sophisticated consumer market. Based on this, we formulate the following proposition: The performance of an entrepreneur is not only affected positively by her own education level but in addition, also by the education level of the population. We test this proposition using an eight years (1994-2001) panel of labor market participants in the EU-15 countries from which we select individuals who have been observed as entrepreneurs. We find strong support for a positive relationship between enrolment rates in tertiary education in country <I>j</I> and year <I>t</I> and several measures of the performance of individual entrepreneurs in that same country and year, including survival and the probability that an entrepreneur starts employing personnel and maintains as an employer for a longer period of time. An implication of our novel finding is that entrepreneurship and higher education policies should be considered in tandem with each other. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; performance; survival; personnel; education |
| Date: | 2011–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:uvatin:20110066&r=hrm |
| By: | Panagiotis Arsenis; Dimitrios Varvarigos |
| Abstract: | We build an overlapping generations model in which reproductive households face a child quantity/child quality trade-off and bureaucrats are delegated with the task of delivering public services that support the accumulation of human capital. By integrating the theoretical analyses of endogenous growth, corruption and fertility choices, we offer a novel mechanism on the driving forces behind demographic transition. In particular, we attribute it to the endogenous change in the incidence of bureaucratic corruption that occurs at different stages of an economy?s transition towards higher economic development. |
| Keywords: | Corruption; Demographic transition; Human capital; Economic growth |
| JEL: | D73 H52 J13 O41 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lec:leecon:11/28&r=hrm |
| By: | Hanglberger, Dominik (Leuphana University Lüneburg); Merz, Joachim (Leuphana University Lüneburg) |
| Abstract: | Empirical analyses using cross-sectional and panel data found significantly higher levels of job satisfaction for self-employed than for employees. We argue that those estimates in previous studies might be biased by neglecting anticipation and adaptation effects. For testing we specify several models accounting for anticipation and adaptation to self-employment and job changes. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP) we find that becoming self-employed is associated with large negative anticipation effects. In contrast to recent literature we find no specific long term effect of self-employment on job satisfaction. Accounting for anticipation and adaptation to job changes in general, which includes changes between employee jobs, reduces the effect of self-employment on job satisfaction by 70%. When controlling for anticipation and adaptation to job changes, we find no further anticipation effect of self-employment and a weak positive but not significant effect of self-employment on job satisfaction for three years. Thus adaptation wipes out higher satisfaction within the first three years being self-employed. According to our results previous studies at least overestimated possible positive effects of self-employment on job satisfaction. |
| Keywords: | job satisfaction, self-employment, hedonic treadmill model, adaptation, anticipation, fixed-effects panel estimations, German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) |
| JEL: | J23 J28 J81 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp5629&r=hrm |
| By: | Cristini, Annalise (Department of Economics, University of Bergamo); Eriksson, Tor (Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business); Pozzoli, Dario (Department of Economics, Aarhus School of Business) |
| Abstract: | High-performance work practices are frequently considered to have positive eects on corporate performance, but what do they do for employees? After showing that organizational innovation is indeed positively associated with rm performance, we investigate whether high-involvement work practices are associ- ated with higher wages, changes in wage inequality and workforce composition, using data from a survey directed at Danish private sector rms matched with linked employer-employee data. We also examine whether the relationship be- tween high-involvement work practices and employee outcomes is aected by the industrial relations context |
| Keywords: | Workplace practices; wage inequality; workforce composition; hierarchy |
| JEL: | C33 J41 J53 L20 |
| Date: | 2011–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:aareco:2011_001&r=hrm |
| By: | Stenberg, Anders (Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University); de Luna, Xavier (Department of Statistics, Umeå University); Westerlund, Olle (Department of Economics, Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | Governments in the US, Canada and Europe have expressed an ambition to stimulate education of older. In this paper, we analyze if there are effects on annual earnings of formal education for participants aged 42-55 at the time of enrolment in 1994-1995. The analysis explores longitudinal population register data stretching from 1982 to 2007. The method used is difference-in-differences propensity score matching based on a rich set of covariates, including indicators of health and labor market marginalization. Results differ from earlier studies, implying no significant average earnings effects for males, positive effects for females, although insufficient to cover total costs. |
| Keywords: | Adult education; Earnings; Government Expenditures; Human capital |
| JEL: | C21 H52 H75 I28 |
| Date: | 2011–04–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:sofiwp:2011_008&r=hrm |
| By: | Stenberg, Anders (SOFI, Stockholm University); de Luna, Xavier (Department of Statistics, Umeå University); Westerlund, Olle (Department of Economics, Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | Governments in the US, Canada and Europe have expressed an ambition to stimulate education of older. In this paper, we analyze if there are effects on annual earnings of formal education for participants aged 42-55 at the time of enrolment in 1994-1995. The analysis explores longitudinal population register data stretching from 1982 to 2007. The method used is difference-in-differences propensity score matching based on a rich set of covariates, including indicators of health and labor market margi-nalization. Results differ from earlier studies, implying no significant average earnings effects for males, positive effects for females, although insufficient to cover total costs. |
| Keywords: | Adult education; Earnings; Government Expenditures; Human capital |
| JEL: | C21 H52 H75 I28 |
| Date: | 2011–04–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:umnees:0823&r=hrm |
| By: | Katsuya Takii (Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | We construct a dynamic assignment model that explains persistent productivity differences between firms. Large expected organization capital (firm-specific knowledge) attracts skilled workers, who help to accumulate organization capital. Accumulated large organization capital leads to good performances, which, in turn, confirm high expectations. It is shown that the sluggish movement of expected productivity that occurs through this positive feedback can play a role similar to an unobserved fixed effect in the productivity dynamics. Our calibration exercises suggest that the proposed feedback accompanied by amplification mechanisms inherent in the assignment model can explain a major part of the observed persistence and disparity in productivity. |
| Keywords: | Organization Capital, Assignment, Productivity, Disparity, Persistence |
| JEL: | J24 L25 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osp:wpaper:11e004&r=hrm |
| By: | Doan, Tinh |
| Abstract: | This paper employs the Ordinary Least Squares, Instrumental Variables and Treatment Effect models to a new dataset from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) to estimate return to the four-year university education in 2008. Our estimates reveal that the return to university education is about 17% (annualized) and robust to the various estimators. The return to higher education has significantly increased since the economic reform in late 1980s. -- |
| Keywords: | economic transition,returns to higher education,IV model,Vietnam |
| JEL: | C31 J31 O15 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:20114&r=hrm |
| By: | Rita Asplund; Sami Napari |
| Abstract: | This paper compares the effects of intangible capital on wage formation among white-collar manufacturing workers using comparative data from three European countries : the Czech Republic, Finland and Norway. The analysis is undertaken in two steps. First, we explore the wage differentials and the underlying sources for two occupation groups : innovation and non-innovation workers. In a second step, this analysis is broken down by gender. We apply a decomposition method based on unconditional quantile regression techniques to examine the factors underlying the wage gaps observed along the whole wage distribution. The use of comparative cross-country data and a more elaborated wage decomposition method provides important new insights. We find, for example, that although innovation workers earn more than non-innovation workers in all three countries under scrutiny, there is considerable variation across the countries both in the levels and profiles of these wage differentials. Also the sources underlying these wage differentials vary between the countries. The levels and profiles of the gender wage gaps prevailing among innovation and non-innovation workers also reveal conspicuous cross-country differences. However, when it comes to the major sources contributing to these gender wage gaps, the results are strikingly similar across countries : what matters is marked gender differences in the rewards to similar basic human capital characteristics, not gender differences in these endowments. |
| Keywords: | gender wage gap, decomposition, human capital, intangible capital, manufacturing, quantile regression, wage formation, cross-country comparison |
| JEL: | J16 J31 |
| Date: | 2011–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:dpaper:1248&r=hrm |