|
on Human Capital and Human Resource Management |
| By: | Blázquez Cuesta, Maite (Departamento de Análisis Económico (Teoría e Historia Económica). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.); García Pérez, José Ignacio (Universidad Pablo Olavide, FCEA & FEDEA) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyse how the decentralization process of the Spanish educational system has affected the school-to-work transition of youths over the last years. Using individual data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey for the period 1993-2002, we estimate a simultaneous equation model for the unemployment and employment hazard rates of these workers. We include public expenditure on education, at the regional level, as an explanatory factor in both hazards. Furthermore we account for cross-regional differences regarding the decision-making authority over education. Our results reveal that for both, university and non-university levels, public expenditure on education significantly improves the chances of Spanish youths in finding the first job after completing the educational system. However, it seems that the decentralization of university education has negative effects on youths’ labor market prospects in terms of exiting from unemployment, while no effects are observed for the case of non-university education. |
| Keywords: | connections, educational expenditure, decentralization, unemployment hazard, employment hazard |
| JEL: | I20 I22 I28 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uam:wpaper:200708&r=hrm |
| By: | Robert B. Archibald (Department of Economics, College of William and Mary); David H. Feldman (Department of Economics, College of William and Mary) |
| Abstract: | Much of the literature on the causes of rising costs in higher education focuses on specific features and pathologies of decision-making within colleges and universities. We argue that this inward-looking focus on the specifics of higher education as an industry is a form of tunnel vision that can lead to poor public policy decisions. In this paper we show that cost disease and capital-skill complementarity are two crucially important causes of rising costs in higher education. These two economy-wide forces are something higher education shares with other skilled-labor-intensive services. |
| Keywords: | discrete games, cost disease, capital-skill complementarity |
| JEL: | I22 I23 |
| Date: | 2007–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwm:wpaper:53&r=hrm |
| By: | Shane Mathew Worner |
| Abstract: | Using the first two waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper explores the relationship between educational attainment and age at first marriage. Theory suggests that there are two effects driving the relationship, namely the Enrolment effect and the Human Capital effect. Using a Proportional Hazards model we analyse the effect of an individual’s education level on the timing of first marriage. Controlling for other institutional factors, cohort effect and social/ family background we find that the higher an individual’s education level, the older they are when they first marry. We find that the effect of education is much stronger for females than for males. |
| Keywords: | marriage, education, proportional hazard |
| JEL: | I2 J1 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:auu:dpaper:550&r=hrm |
| By: | Dorothee Schmidt (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | One possible solution to mitigate the negative influences of conflict which has been proposed in the literature is to subject the relevant parties to education. Education can take two forms: increasing an individual's human capital on the one hand, increasing her social capital on the other hand. Using a stylized model of a two-individual economy, we derive that increasing an individual's social capital will lead her to reduce her conflict effort, whereas increasing her human capital can induce her to increase her conflict effort. We then analyze which conditions need to be present to induce the individuals to invest into their social capital. |
| Keywords: | Contests, conflict reduction, education, human capital, social capital, morality |
| JEL: | D72 D74 I28 K42 Z13 |
| Date: | 2007–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpg:wpaper:2007_5&r=hrm |
| By: | Carmen Balan (School of Marketing, Academy of Economic Studies) |
| Abstract: | The major goal of the paper consists in designing new communication strategies for the School of Marketing of the Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest, Romania. This strategic approach is focused on the communication strategies with the high school graduates who are the future candidates to the status of university student. The paper emphasizes the relationship between the university and the future high school graduates due to the fact that a real bond between these parties does not exist before the moment when the candidates enroll for the admission examination for the first year. In addition, another significant reason is the fact that high schools and their students represent important stakeholders from the perspective of a higher education institution. |
| Keywords: | marketing, communication strategies, survey, higher education |
| JEL: | M30 M31 M39 |
| Date: | 2006–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ase:wpaper:1010&r=hrm |
| By: | Boris Vujčić (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb and Croatian National Bank); Vedran Šošić (Croatian National Bank) |
| Abstract: | Countries of Central and Eastern Europe experienced a rapid increase of return to education with the advent of the transition. This is well-documented for most of the countries but, until now, there were no empirical studies of the dynamics of wage premiums in post-transition Croatia. This paper, therefore, intends to fill in that gap. We look at the dynamics of wage premiums in Croatia and estimate how much the return to education has changed between 1996 and 2004 on the basis of labor force survey data. We compare these results with similar ones for selected transition countries and then we look at some possible explanations of our findings. Contrary to most transition countries, premiums for education in Croatia began to grow only at the end of the 1990's. In a way, wage adjustment in Croatia has been delayed. However, by 2004, it reached the level of premiums found in other transition countries and advanced market economies, thus creating market incentives for investment in education. We also look at additional features of the wage structure, such as non-linearities in the return to education associated with attainment of credentials and return to experience. |
| Keywords: | Croatia, human capital, returns to education |
| JEL: | J31 P23 P52 |
| Date: | 2007–05–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zag:wpaper:0708&r=hrm |
| By: | Reza Daniels (School of Economics, University of Cape Town) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This paper conducts a review of the literature on skills shortages in South Africa. It is demonstrated that different Government departments have different views concerning the definition of skills shortages. This is largely due to the omission in any official government literature of tying the concept of “skills shortages” to productivity. There is also a complex and frequently overlapping institutional architecture that undermines the effective administration of skills development. An important example of this is that the link between providing skills training and accrediting individuals with a qualification that acknowledges this training is very poorly administered, highlighting poor coordination between the Department of Labour and Department of Education. Among Sectoral Education and Training Authorities (SETAs), there is also under-performance on their mandate to provide skills training for the unemployed – an activity that is flagged in this review simply because of the strong public good nature to this activity and the fact that only SETAs are institutionally empowered to effect this change. A variety of policy recommendations are made with respect to both closed- and open-economy solutions to skills shortages. A key point is that immigration legislation must be relaxed in order to help solve the pervasive skills constraints in South Africa. |
| Keywords: | South Africa: skills, training, education, SETAs |
| JEL: | A1 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctw:wpaper:9697&r=hrm |
| By: | Cordula Zabel (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how well imputed educational histories perform in the analysis of first birth rates in the West German context. The focus here is on the quality of estimates when only rudimentary information on the timing of education is available. In many surveys, information on respondents’ educational histories is restricted to the highest level of educational attained by the time of interview and the date at which this highest degree was attained. Skeleton educational histories can be imputed simply from such rudimentary information. The German Life History Study has complete educational histories. We use these to compare estimates based on the complete histories with estimates based on corresponding imputed histories. We find that the imputed histories produce relatively reliable estimates of the effect on first-birth rates of having a university degree vs. having a vocational certificate. Estimating corresponding rates for women who have no such education proved to cause greater difficulties. |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2007–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2007-022&r=hrm |