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on Human Capital and Human Resource Management |
| By: | Daniele Checchi (University of Milan and IZA); Gianfranco De Simone (University of Milan and Centro Studi Luca d’Agliano); Riccardo Faini (University of Rome Tor Vergata, CEPR and IZA) |
| Abstract: | It is commonly believed that accumulation of human capital (HC) and availability of physical and financial capitals are among the major determinants of economic growth. In a globalised world, where factors of production are increasingly mobile, the process of domestic accumulation of HC might be affected in several ways through migration and capital inflows. Furthermore, endowment of skilled labour and foreign direct investments (FDI) may reinforce each other through possible "complementary effects". Our paper aims to advance the existing empirical literature on the relationship between international factor mobility and domestic accumulation of HC in developing countries. We provide new evidence on how the presence of foreign firms in the domestic economy and the emigration of skilled workers impact the domestic school enrolment. We also investigate whether existing supply of skilled labour is a significant determinant of inward flows of foreign capital. The interdependence between factor mobility and HC accumulation supports some simple back-of-the-envelop calculations aiming to investigate the presence of a virtuous (vicious) circle between HC accumulation and FDI inflows. |
| Keywords: | human capital investment, factor mobility, FDI, brain drain/gain, complementarity effects, developing countries |
| JEL: | F22 F23 O15 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2795&r=hrm |
| By: | Saïd Hanchane (LEST - Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail - [CNRS : UMR6123] - [Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I][Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II]); Tarek Mostafa (LEST - Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail - [CNRS : UMR6123] - [Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I][Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II]) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze the equilibrium on the market for schooling where both public and private schools coexist and where individuals are differentiated by income and ability. We introduce a non linear in means model of peer effect by shedding the light on the fact that school quality is not solely dependent on mean ability but also on the dispersion of abilities. We study the distribution of students across sectors while examining the conditions for the existence of a majority voting equilibrium in the context of non single peaked preferences. Finally, we examine the presence of a hierarchy of school qualities. In the paper we shed the light on equity problems related to the access to educational quality while analyzing the functioning of the educational system. |
| Keywords: | Education market; Majority voting equilibrium; Peer group effect; Pricing discrimination; Educational opportunity |
| Date: | 2007–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00009533_v3&r=hrm |
| By: | Mahir Terzi |
| Keywords: | Information-Based Economy, Information Society, E-Government, Educational System |
| Date: | 2006–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:stpswp:0612&r=hrm |
| By: | Daniel Münich (CERGE-EI, Prague); Jan Svejnar (University of Michigan, CEPR, CERGE-EI and IZA) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use 1991-2005 panel data on the unemployed, vacancies, inflow into unemployment, and outflow from unemployment in five former communist economies and in the western part of Germany (a benchmark western economy) to examine the evolution of unemployment together with that of inflows into unemployment and vacancies. The comparison of the transition economies with an otherwise similar and spatially close market economy is useful because it enables us to identify the main differences and similarities in the evolution of the key variables, and thus draw conclusions as to whether different or similar factors cause high unemployment. |
| Keywords: | unemployment, communism, transition, labor |
| JEL: | P2 J4 J6 C33 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2798&r=hrm |
| By: | Vincenzo Caponi (Ryerson University, Rimini Center for Economic Analysis and IZA); Miana Plesca (University of Guelph) |
| Abstract: | Using the Canadian General Social Survey we compute returns to post-secondary education relative to high-school. Unlike previous research using Canadian data, our dataset allows us to control for ability selection into higher education. We find strong evidence of positive ability selection into all levels of post-secondary education for men and weaker positive selection for women. Since the ability selection is stronger for higher levels of education, particularly for university, the difference in returns between university and college or trades education decreases slightly after accounting for ability bias. However, a puzzling large gap persists, with university-educated men still earning over 20% more than men with college or trades education. Moreover, contrary to previous Canadian literature that reports higher returns for women, we document that the OLS hourly wage returns to university education are the same for men and women. OLS returns are higher for women only if weekly or yearly wages are considered instead, because university-educated women work more hours than the average. Nevertheless, once we account for ability selection into post-secondary education, we generally find higher returns for women than for men for all wage measures as a result of the stronger ability selection for men. |
| Keywords: | returns to university, returns to college, returns to trades, unobserved ability, selection bias |
| JEL: | J24 J31 I2 C31 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2784&r=hrm |
| By: | Isabel Pizarro-Moreno (Department of Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide); Juan C. Real (Department of Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide); Elena Sousa-Ginel (Department of Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide) |
| Abstract: | Increasing globalisation and dynamism in the economy has made it necessary for established companies to regenerate themselves and renew their ability to compete. This is the goal of Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) activities, which involve extending the firm’s domain of competence and corresponding opportunity set, through internally generated new resource combinations. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the way the process of CE is developed within the organizations. In order to achieve this, a model relating key components of the CE process (opportunity, initiative and capability) to five phases of knowledge creation taken from Nonaka & Takeuchi is proponed. |
| Keywords: | organizational knowledge creation; corporate entrepreneurship; knowledge-base view; innovation; development of capabilities |
| Date: | 2007–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pab:wpbsad:07.02&r=hrm |
| By: | Mark McGillivray; Farhad Noorbakhsh |
| Abstract: | A large and growing literature addresses the impact of foreign aid on the growth of per capita incomes in recipient countries. While this link is important, given its implications for poverty reduction, an arguably more important link is that between aid and human development, broadly defined. This paper looks at the impact of aid on the Human Development Index (HDI), the best known and most widely used composite measure of national human development achievement. The paper is particularly interested in the impact of conflict on human development and in links between conflict, aid and human development. These relationships are examined in an econometric analysis of 2001 HDI levels in a sample of 94 developing countries. Twenty-six of these countries are conflict-affected. A number of interesting results emerge, many of which are in stark contrast with those reported in the aid-growth literature. The main findings of this analysis are that conflict and aid are negatively associated with HDI levels, and therefore, that aid does not offset the negative impact of conflict on human development. The second of these findings is puzzling, to the extent that it is inconsistent with most findings in the aid effectiveness literature. The paper also finds that aid is neither more nor less effective, in terms of its impact on human development, in conflict scenarios |
| Keywords: | Aid, Conflict, Human Development, Human Development Index. |
| JEL: | I31 F35 C21 C43 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gla:glaewp:2007_03&r=hrm |