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on Human Capital and Human Resource Management |
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Issue of 2006‒09‒11
five papers chosen by Fabio Sabatini Universita degli Studi di Roma, La Sapienza |
| By: | Marigee Bacolod |
| Abstract: | This paper documents the widely perceived but little investigated notion that teachers today are less qualified than they once were. Using standardized test scores, undergraduate institution selectivity, and positive assortative mating characteristics as measures of quality, evidence of a marked decline in the quality of young women going into teaching between 1960 and 1990 is presented. In contrast, the quality of young women becoming professionals increased. The Roy model of selfselection is used to highlight how occupation differences in the returns to skill determine average teacher quality. Estimates suggest the significance of increasing professional opportunities for women in affecting the decline in teacher quality. |
| JEL: | I20 J16 J31 J48 |
| Date: | 2006–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:06-22&r=hrm |
| By: | Do, Quy-Toan; Phung, Tung Duc |
| Abstract: | According to Vietnamese astrology, dates of birth are believed to be determinants of success, luck, character, and good match between individuals. But how far does this go? To document the influence of superstition on individuals ' behavior, the authors examine fertility decisions made in Vietnam between 1976 and 1996. They find that birth cohorts in auspicious years are significantly larger than in other years. Children born in auspicious years moreover do better both in health and education. While parental characteristics seem to affect fertility choices and human development simultaneously, the analysis suggests that family planning is one key mechanism leading to the observed differences in outcomes: in a society in which superstition is widespread, children born in auspicious years are more likely to have been planned by their parents, thus benefiting from more favorable financial, psychological, or affective conditions for better human development. |
| Keywords: | Youth and Governance,Health Monitoring & Evaluation,Adolescent Health,Primary Education,Early Childhood Development |
| Date: | 2006–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:4001&r=hrm |
| By: | Peccei, R. (Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), RSM Erasmus University) |
| Abstract: | The analysis of the impact of human resource (HR) practices on employee well-being at work is an important yet relatively neglected area of inquiry within the field of human resource management (HRM). In this inaugural address, the main findings from ongoing research based on data from the 1998 British Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS98) are presented. These suggest that the HR practices that are adopted by organisations have a significant impact on the well-being of their workforces and that this impact tends, on the whole, to be more positive than negative. The effects, however, are more complex than is normally assumed in the literature. In particular, preliminary results indicate that the constellation of HR practices that help to maximise employee well-being (i.e. that make for happy workplaces), are not necessarily the same as those that make up the type of ‘High Performance Work Systems’ commonly identified in the literature. This has important theoretical, policy and ethical implications for the field of HRM. These are discussed along with important directions for future research. |
| Keywords: | human resource management;HRM;human resource ractices;employee well-being;job satisfaction;job stress;happy workplaces;HR; |
| Date: | 2004–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:euriar:30001238&r=hrm |
| By: | Stam, E.; Audretsch, D.B.; Meijaard, J. (Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), RSM Erasmus University) |
| Abstract: | Why should individuals that have exited their firm consider re-entering into entrepreneurship, i.e. become renascent entrepreneurs? According to the logic of economic models of firm dynamics there is no reason to re-enter into entrepreneurship following termination of a previous firm. In contrast, research on nascent entrepreneurship has shown the positive effect of entrepreneurial experience on planning a new firm start. Based on the empirical evidence from a database consisting of ex-entrepreneurs, this study shows that renascent entrepreneurship is a pervasive phenomenon in current society. Especially entrepreneurial human and social capital induce renascent entrepreneurship. In addition, the nature of the firm exit also affects the probability of renascent entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial Preferences;Entrepreneurial Skills;Firm Exit;Renascent Entrepreneurship;Economics of Entrepreneurship; |
| Date: | 2006–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:eureri:30008468&r=hrm |
| By: | Robert B. Archibald (Department of Economics, College of William and Mary); David H. Feldman (Department of Economics, College of William and Mary) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents new evidence on the conflict between two competing explanations of the increase in college costs, the cost disease theory of William Baumol and William Bowen and the revenue theory of cost of Howard Bowen. Using cross section data, the paper demonstrates that the cost disease explanation dominates. |
| Keywords: | Higher education costs, cost disease, revenue theory of cost |
| JEL: | I22 I23 I28 |
| Date: | 2006–09–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwm:wpaper:42&r=hrm |