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on History and Philosophy of Economics |
| By: | Dorian Jullien (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Alexandre Truc (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | Existing histories of behavioral and experimental economics (BE-XP) are mostly focused on the intellectual and institutional developments of these approaches in the United States of America -and to a lesser extent in Germany. While a seminal contribution to these approaches was produced in the early 1950s in France by Maurice Allais, the literature is rather silent on how BE-XP developed subsequently in France. We propose to fill this gap by comparing the history of BE-XP in France to international trends previously identified in the literature. We show that after an ambivalent influence of the work of Allais ( 1953) on BE-XP in France during the 1980s, that influence rapidly faded. BE-XP in France then largely follows international trends. We nevertheless identify some heterogeneity across the French territory and the development of at least two national specificities on the measurement of utility and the modeling of social preferences. |
| Keywords: | Scientometrics, Behavioral economics, Experimental economics, History of economics |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04810987 |
| By: | Bernard Gazier (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This text aims at identifying and discussing the content and present meaning of Blaise Pascal's contribution to the understanding of justice in economic matters: which inequalities in terms of wealth, status and power are acceptable or not in a country or a community? Such a project faces a difficulty and a paradox. The difficulty is that economics as a separate discipline does not exist in Pascal's times; the paradox lies in the fact that while Pascal was politically conservative, his heirs in the XXth century converge in a strongly critical stance against capitalism and established order. Our analysis proceeds in three steps. In the first step, we briefly situate Pascal's approach in its historical context, by comparing it to the views of other authors of his time who are considered as forerunners of political economy. In this second, we discuss the content of the legacy as identified and used in the XXth century, by comparing Pascal's statements on justice to the conceptions of his heirs, in order to pinpoint convergences and divergences. The last step adopts an epistemologic and genealogic stance. We take into consideration the long-term changes in knowledge modalities leading to the "human sciences" and among them to "positive" and "normative" economics, in order to set and discuss the meaning of the references to Blaise Pascal in contemporary debates on economic and social justice. |
| Abstract: | Cette contribution a pour objet le contenu et l'actualité des apports de Blaise Pascal à la compréhension de la justice économique : quelles inégalités de richesse, de statuts et de pouvoirs sont admissibles ou non dans un pays, une communauté ? Elle affronte une difficulté et un paradoxe : d'une part l'économie en tant que discipline n'existe pas à l'époque de Pascal, et d'autre part l'orientation conservatrice de Pascal contraste avec celle de sa postérité au XXe siècle, rassemblant des auteurs qui convergent sur la critique du capitalisme et de l'ordre établi. Nous procéderons en trois étapes. La première situe historiquement la démarche de Pascal sur la justice, en la confrontant brièvement aux conceptions d'auteurs de son époque formulant les prémices de l'économie politique. La seconde étape interroge directement les contenus des filiations revendiquées au XXe siècle, en confrontant les énoncés de Pascal sur la justice à ceux de ses successeurs, pour établir les éventuelles convergences et divergences. La troisième étape esquisse une mise en perspective épistémologique et généalogique. Elle introduit les mutations successives des savoirs donnant lieu au déploiement des " sciences humaines " et parmi elles l'économie positive et normative, afin d'inscrire et de questionner le sens des références à Pascal dans les débats contemporains sur la justice économique et sociale. |
| Keywords: | Blaise Pascal, social justice, normative economics, justice sociale, économie normative |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04526422 |
| By: | Gechert, Sebastian (Chemnitz University of Technology); Mey, Bianka; Opatrny, Matej; Havranek, Tomas; Stanley, T D; Bom, Pedro R. D.; Doucouliagos, Chris; Heimberger, Philipp; Irsova, Zuzana; Rachinger, Heiko |
| Abstract: | Over the past several decades, meta-analysis has emerged as a widely accepted tool to understand economics research. Meta-analyses often challenge the established conventional wisdom of their respective fields. We systematically review a wide range of influential meta-analyses in economics and compare them to ‘conventional wisdom.’ After correcting for observable biases, the empirical economic effects are typically much closer to zero and sometimes switch signs. Typically, the relative reduction in effect sizes is 45-60%. |
| Date: | 2024–01–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:metaar:njd64_v1 |
| By: | Engelbert Stockhammer; Quirin Dammerer; Andreas Maschke |
| Abstract: | This paper charts the rise and decline of post-Keynesian economics (PKE) in Austria. Keynesianism arrives in Austria via economic policy debates in social democratic circles where it is used to develop a policy strategy later known as Austro-Keynesianism. PKE gets a foothold at the Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitut (WIFO), Austria’s foremost applied economics research institute, and the Chamber of Labour, before establishing itself at the University of Linz. Over the course of the 1980s and 1990s the centre of gravity shifts from Linz to the Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (WU). During the same period, a lot of applied and policy-oriented research is carried out at WIFO, most of it in German. In the 2000s a blooming of heterodox economics occurs at WU, followed by a rapid dissolution of the heterodox community there. Since around 2010 mainstream economics has reasserted itself and PKE is no longer present at economics departments across Austria. Many of the current generation of post-Keynesian scholars either work abroad, in other disciplines, or in policy-oriented institutions. The main themes of Austrian PKE include income and wealth distribution, finance and financialisation, and ecological economics. In a comparative perspective, the intricate link between the post-Keynesian academic milieu and progressive economic policy is particularly interesting. |
| Keywords: | Keynesianism, post-Keynesian economics, Austro-Keynesianism, Austria, economic policy |
| JEL: | B20 B24 B51 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2503 |
| By: | Filippo Pietrini |
| Abstract: | This paper adopts the synthetic control method to empirically tests Willis thesis that †the major breakthrough" (Willis, 1977, p. 420) in the dissemination of Marx in England was the publication of the first volume of Capital in English in 1887. The specificities of late Victorian society and the fact that Marx wrote his theoretical works in German contributed to his anonymity in England up the 1880s-1890s. The liberal-radical roots of the left-wing intellectuals and of the working class movements together with the strong parlamentary tradition constituted a challenging environment for the spread of Marxism. After having downloaded data from Google Ngram, I run the SC model. Findings reveal that the 1886 is the breakthrough year for the quotations of Marx in England. Willis’s thesis on 1887 as the decisive year is thus slighlty anticipated by the quantitative result. Rather, two events that possibly revived Marx’s quotations were the publication of the first 10 chapters of ‘Capital’ in Hyndman’s newly bought and renamed “To-Day: Monthly Magazine of Scientific Socialism†and the Trafalgrar Riots (also known as West end riots or Pall Mall riots) of February 1886, an event that broadened the perception of socialist imminence to the average public. |
| Keywords: | Marx Dissemination, Synthetic Control Method, Victorian zeitgeist, Modern socialism |
| JEL: | B14 B24 B51 Z10 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2025_01.rdf |
| By: | Raphaël Chiappini (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Dominique Torre (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Elise Tosi (SKEMA Business School) |
| Abstract: | The Banque de France (BDF) conducted a mission to the National Bank of Romania (NBR) and the National Romanian Government between 1929 and 1933, acting as advisor to the Romanian monetary and financial authorities. It tooks place in complement to two loans provided in 1929 and 1931 respectively to stabilize the leu and to develop the Romanian economy. Despite a few months of relative stability, the mission was ultimately unsuccessful. After 4 years of cooperation, the Romanian authorities were obliged to restrict convertibility to defend the leu. The Romanian Government was also unable to follow French advice and finally defaulted. This episode has already been studied by Kenneth Mouré [2005], Philipp Cottrell [2003], the authors (Torre and Tosi [2010]), and Ileana Racianu [2012]. This paper contributes to the existing literature in two dimensions: (i) In addition to Banque de France archive documents in French, it draws on various sources in Romanian for the most part never previously explored; (ii) more importantly, it complements the strictly economic analysis of the episode by means of sources depicting the changes of views of intellectuals and politicians and the evolution of the international situation in Central Europe during the period. With this increased distance from the studied events and access to hitherto unavailable source material, this opens up new insights into how France was able to prolong this sterile cooperation phase beyond all reasonable consideration. |
| Abstract: | La Banque de France (BDF) a effectué une mission auprès de la Banque Nationale de Roumanie (BNR) et du gouvernement roumain entre 1929 et 1933 pour conseiller les autorités monétaires et financières. Cette mission s'est inscrite en complément à deux prêts accordés respectivement en 1929 et 1931 à l'État roumain pour stabiliser le leu et développer l'économie. Malgré quelques mois de relative stabilité, la mission s'est soldée par un échec. Après 4 ans de coopération chaotique, les autorités monétaires ont été obligées de restreindre la convertibilité pour défendre le leu. Le gouvernement roumain n'a pas non plus été en mesure de suivre les conseils de la France et a finalement fait défaut. Cet épisode a déjà été analysé par Kenneth Mouré [2005], Philipp Cottrell [2003], les auteurs (Torre and Tosi [2010]), et Ileana Racianu [2012]. Cet article incrémente ces analyses dans deux directions : (i) il associe à l'exploitation de documents d'archives de la Banque de France diverses sources inexploitées, en roumain pour la plupart ; (ii) de façon plus fondamentale, il complète l'analyse strictement économique de l'épisode étudié par un examen des changements d'opinion des intellectuels et des politiques, mais aussi de l'évolution de la situation internationale en Europe centrale pendant la période. Ces éléments permettent de mieux comprendre comment la France a pu prolonger plus que de raison cette phase de coopération stérile. |
| Keywords: | Money Doctors, Nominal stabilization, Central Banks cooperation, National Bank of Romania, Agrarianism, Little entente |
| Date: | 2024–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04593471 |
| By: | Luc Marco; Gregory Heem (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | AVERTISSEMENT LIMINAIRE *Ce livre est la réédition d'une brochure parue chez Pigier en 1902 et réimprimée en 1914. Les recherches sur l'auteur ont été menées par Grégory Heem et Luc Marco à l'occasion de travaux destinés à des congrès comptables ou des colloques universitaires. Les lecteurs qui trouveraient des erreurs ou des omissions sont invités à les signaler sur le site de notre institut : ihpm.hypotheses.org.Chaque ouvrage est placé sous les auspices d'un symbole graphique fort : pour celui-ci ce sera le gouvernail d'un navire, placé à la fin de chaque chapitre ou annexe. Le mot gouvernail date du début du douzième siècle, à partir du latin gubernaculum (timon, gouvernail), du verbe gubernare (gouverner). Or d'où vient la gestion des entreprises et la comptabilité qui lui est associée sinon du gouvernement des institutions marchandes ? Dans le dictionnaire Littré de 1877, on trouve les références suivantes, qui peuvent nous donner des pistes de réflexion :-« Durant cette tempête, n'a-t-il pas (le cardinal de Richelieu) tenu le gouvernail d'une main et la boussole de l'autre ? » Voltaire. -« Dieu tient le clou du gouvernail, pour tourner leurs efforts à exécuter ses jugements. » Calvin. |
| Keywords: | Expert accountant, Chartered Accountant, Accounting history, Comptabilité, Expertise comptable, Expert-comptable, Profession comptables, La Moissoneuse, Tonkin, Savigny, Pigier, Comptable, Histoire - 20e siècle, Histoire comptable, Histoire de la profession comptable, Histoire de la comptabilité |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04817451 |
| By: | Douglas A. Irwin |
| Abstract: | In July 1991, India began to dismantle its long-standing, highly restrictive import control regime and move toward a more open economy. How were policymakers able to dislodge and replace an entrenched system with powerful vested interests behind it? Standard reasons for policy change—pressure from domestic producer interests, shifts in political power, or conditionality by international financial institutions—fail to explain why the shift in trade policy took place. Instead, reform-minded technocrats persuaded political leaders to reject what had been a standard response to balance of payments pressure (import repression to avoid a devaluation) and embrace a new approach (exchange rate adjustment and a reduction of import restrictions). This paper explores the economic and political context behind the country’s dramatic policy transformation. India’s experience highlights the crucial link between exchange rate policy and trade policy. |
| JEL: | F13 F31 N75 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33420 |