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on History and Philosophy of Economics |
| By: | Feld, Lars P.; Nientiedt, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Writing in 1951, Friedrich Hayek identified four places where the classical liberal tradition1 had been upheld and developed during the first half of the 20th century. He named London, Vienna, Chicago, and, perhaps surprising to some, the small southern German town of Freiburg (Hayek, 1951/1967). The reason for including Freiburg was that it is the birthplace of ordoliberalism, a branch of classical liberalism that to this day remains relatively unknown outside of Germany. The historical significance of ordoliberalism derives from its central role in redefining classical liberalism, and from its impact on economic policy. Representatives of ordoliberalism were key members of the neoliberal movement of the 1930s and 1940s, participating in the Lippmann Colloquium of 1938 and helping to create the Mont Pèlerin Society after WWII. In terms of economic policy, ordoliberal ideas informed the post-war creation of Germany's free-market system - the Social Market Economy - as well as certain aspects of the architecture of the European Union. (...) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:aluord:281203&r=hpe |
| By: | Laurent Loty (CELLF - Centre d’étude de la langue et des littératures françaises - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The idea of the optimum plays a major role in many scientific and political domains, while fiction tends to confront it. I examine it here in light of its historical origins in theological optimism (God created "the best of all possible worlds"), the subject of my 1995 dissertation in the history of optimism from its emergence in the early eighteenth century to its seeming disappearance during the French Revolution. If the theological origin of the idea of the optimum is so difficult to perceive now, it is because the history of optimism, one of the most consequential ideologies ever to have existed, is also the history of its occultation. This ideology, all the more powerful in being embedded in a blind spot, is disseminated through apparently secular discourses and fields of knowledge. Optimism is a fatalism. It also takes the form of an economic fatalism : nature, society or the market function providentially or naturally at their optimum, or reach their optimum in historical time. Yet the idea of the optimum can also inspire powerful heuristic hypotheses in sciences emancipated from theology, or progressive political actions seeking an optimum. As for fictions they either corroborate optimism (or pessimism, the inverted double of optimisme), or they invent instead, as in Diderot's Jacques le Fataliste, forms of writing and thought that escape this ideology. Investigation into the optimum will permit discovery of a vast continent of our culture along with its major investments. It could constitute a multi-disciplinary research program covering the modern period from the eighteenth century to today. |
| Abstract: | L'idée d'optimum joue un rôle majeur dans de nombreux domaines scientifiques et politiques, tandis que les fictions s'en saisissent pour s'y confronter. Je l'examine ici à partir de l'optimisme théologique qui est à son origine (Dieu a créé le monde à l'optimum), grâce à l'enquête que j'ai menée, dans une thèse de 1995, depuis l'émergence de cette doctrine au début du XVIIIe siècle, jusqu'à son apparente disparition pendant la Révolution française. Si l'origine théologique de l'idée d'optimum est si difficile à déceler aujourd'hui, c'est que l'histoire de l'optimisme, une des plus importantes idéologies qui ait existé, est aussi l'histoire de son occultation. Cette idéologie, d'autant plus puissante qu'elle est une idéologie en angle mort, s'est transférée dans des discours et savoirs apparemment sécularisés. L'optimisme est un fatalisme, une incitation à se soumettre au meilleur des mondes. Il prend aussi la forme d'un fatalisme économique : la nature, la société ou le marché fonctionnent providentiellement ou naturellement à l'optimum, ou s'optimisent historiquement. Or, l'idée d'optimum peut aussi inspirer de puissantes hypothèses heuristiques à des sciences émancipées de la théologie, ou à des actions politiques en vue d'une optimisation. Quant aux fictions, elles confirment l'optimisme (ou son double, le pessimisme), ou inventent au contraire, comme Jacques le Fataliste de Diderot, des formes d'écriture et de pensée qui échappent à cette idéologie. Enquêter sur l'optimum permet ainsi de découvrir un continent immense de notre culture ainsi que des enjeux majeurs, et pourrait constituer un vaste programme de recherche pluridisciplinaire du XVIIIe siècle à aujourd'hui. |
| Keywords: | Condorcet, Economics, Diderot, Fatalism, Ideology, Leibniz, Optimization, Optimism, Pessimism, Ultra-liberalism, Voltaire, Économie, Fatalisme, Idéologie, Optimisation, Optimisme, Pessimisme, Ultra-libéralisme |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04367649&r=hpe |
| By: | Giovanni Dosi; Lucrezia Fanti; Maria Enrica Virgillito |
| Abstract: | The current phase of capitalism has been defined in many alternative ways, ranging from techno-capitalism, turbo-capitalism, unbridled capitalism, unleashed capitalism, managerial capitalism. In this paper we put forward the notion of rentified capitalism defined as a configuration of capitalism based on the progressive rentification of the socio-economic fabric acting via three mechanisms: Appropriation, Exclusion and Commodification. Delving into a classical political economy distinction of rents from a distributive versus a production perspective, we ask the following research questions: are rents simply a form of functional income source or rather a process of redefinition of property rights allowing for unjust resource accumulation? What are the attributes and trends of a rentified capitalism? How can we distinguish realms and spaces under the process of rentification? How can we measure the degree of rentification of an economy? In order to address the latter questions we identify realms and spaces of rentified capitalism (e.g., resource distribution; economic crises; finance and pseudo wealth; finance vs welfare state; housing; IPRs and Big Pharma) distinguishing countries characterised by different social and economic architectures (US, Germany, Italy) as representative of a variety of capitalisms approach. We conclude that economists are in need of a new analytical thinking advancing on the understanding of the causes and consequences of rentified capitalism. |
| Keywords: | Rents, political economy, modern capitalism, accumulation regime, power asymmetry |
| Date: | 2024–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2024/01&r=hpe |
| By: | Sylvain Celle (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Cette communication part d'un questionnement : est-ce qu'il y a une éthique d'entreprise spécifique aux coopératives. L'hypothèse défendue est que ce n'est pas tant une éthique coopérative « en soi » qui serait différente d'autres entreprises (notamment capitalistes), mais que c'est la procédure collective et démocratique du choix de l'éthique d'entreprise qui différencie la coopérative de l'entreprise capitaliste. À partir de là, cette communication propose une mise en perspective historique pour montrer comment les coopératives ont pu défendre des modèles éthiques différents de l'entreprise capitaliste : au XIXe siècle en opposant l'associationnisme au patronage ; au XXe siècle autour de la République coopérative face au paternalisme et en complémentarité de l'État social ; et au XXIe siècle avec le modèle de la SCIC en réponse à l'essor de la RSE. Cette communication pointe enfin un autre élément de rupture (en s'inspirant des travaux d'Anne Salmon) : alors que les modèles éthiques de l'entreprise coopérative ou capitaliste du XIXe et XXe siècle sont des éthiques transcendantes qui s'appuient sur des principes politiques ou religieux supérieurs ; les modèles éthiques de la SCIC et de la RSE au XXIe siècle sont des éthiques immanentes qui s'appuient sur les principes mêmes de l'entreprise (démocratique ou capitaliste). |
| Keywords: | Ethique d'entreprise, Coopératives |
| Date: | 2023–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04377094&r=hpe |
| By: | Mark Setterfield (Department of Economics, New School For Social Research, USA) |
| Abstract: | The Kalecki-Robinson tradition in growth theory is surveyed, focusing on a central theme of this literature: the relationship between distribution and growth. A generic model is used to develop successive variants of the Kalecki-Robinson tradition: the neo- Keynesian (Robinson) model; the Kalecki-Steindl (Kaleckian) model; and the Bhaduri- Marglin model. Selected recent developments that offer new insights into the relationship between distribution and growth are then outlined. |
| Keywords: | Growth, distribution, technical change, Kalecki, Robinson |
| JEL: | E11 E12 O41 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:new:wpaper:2402&r=hpe |
| By: | Miloš Fišar (MUNI - Masaryk University [Brno]); Ben Greiner (WU - Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien [Austria], University of New South Wales [Kensington]); Christoph Huber (WU - Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien [Austria]); Elena Katok (UT Dallas - University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson]); Ali I Ozkes (SKEMA Business School, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | With the help of more than 700 reviewers, we assess the reproducibility of nearly 500 articles published in the journal Management Science before and after the introduction of a new Data and Code Disclosure policy in 2019. When considering only articles for which data accessibility and hardware and software requirements were not an obstacle for reviewers, the results of more than 95% of articles under the new disclosure policy could be fully or largely computationally reproduced. However, for 29% of articles, at least part of the data set was not accessible to the reviewer. Considering all articles in our sample reduces the share of reproduced articles to 68%. These figures represent a significant increase compared with the period before the introduction of the disclosure policy, where only 12% of articles voluntarily provided replication materials, of which 55% could be (largely) reproduced. Substantial heterogeneity in reproducibility rates across different fields is mainly driven by differences in data set accessibility. Other reasons for unsuccessful reproduction attempts include missing code, unresolvable code errors, weak or missing documentation, and software and hardware requirements and code complexity. Our findings highlight the importance of journal code and data disclosure policies and suggest potential avenues for enhancing their effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | reproducibility, replication, crowd science |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04370984&r=hpe |
| By: | Carlsson, Fredrik (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Johansson-Stenman, Olof (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Kataria, Mitesh (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University) |
| Abstract: | Based on a tailor-made survey, we find that experts – academics and civil servants – are much more willing than citizens in Sweden to accept liberty-reducing regulations. Moreover, both citizens and experts are more supportive of regulating negative internalities (in terms of health) than negative externalities (in terms of climate change). While less liberty-reducing policy instruments receive more support, around 20 percent of citizens and experts support very intrusive measures such as non-transferable individual quotas for air travel and unhealthy foods. Both experts and citizens prefer encouraging to discouraging information provision, while experts are more positive than citizens to tax instruments. |
| Keywords: | externalities; internalities; paternalism; experts; citizens |
| JEL: | D04 D62 D91 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0841&r=hpe |