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on History and Philosophy of Economics |
| By: | Essiane, Patrick-Nelson Daniel |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to briefly review the main debates between the New Institutional Economics (NIE) and the Old Institutional Economics (OIE). While the NIE is considered in the literature as essentially orthodox, the OIE’s thesis are mainly heterodox. From a theoretical perspective, (i) the nature of institutions, (ii) the organization of firms and (iii) the link between institutional change and economic development are central in the debate. From an empirical perspective, the measures of institutional quality and the methods used to capture institutional changes and their impact on development are the key points of divergence between NEI and OIE. However, some authors are quite optimistic about a potential convergence of the two school of thoughts, which could potentially offers new perspectives on the understanding of institutional phenomenons in economics. |
| Keywords: | New Institutional Economics; Old Institutional Economics; Literature Review; Institutions; Institutional Change; Development; Debate |
| JEL: | B15 B25 B52 O43 |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:102858&r=all |
| By: | Mohamed Hansali (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]); Abdelwahed Gourch (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]) |
| Abstract: | Supply chain management, a field that has fundamentally changed several principles in our thinking and in managerial practice, is leading to a crisis of definition and theorization in scientific research. This basically comes back not to the theory itself but to the epistemological paradigm in which it is constituted. Often, explicitly or implicitly, the overriding paradigm that forms the basis of research in the discipline is positivism, even though practical in specific contexts is eroded towards the globality of the supply chain phenomenon in theory and in the practice. We thus judge the current state of crisis as positioning in Thomas Kuhn's cycle. Positivism is based on disjunction and simplicity, whereas the field is beginning to connect and link the parties in order to allow for a better functioning of the chain. Many other principles are developing in management that theory has difficulty grasping. We believe, however, that the crisis is not theoretical but rather epistemological. A revision and proposal of solutions are announced along the present reflection. |
| Abstract: | Le supply chain management, un domaine qui a véritablement changé plusieurs principes dans notre réflexion et en pratique managériale mène à une crise de définition et de théorisation en recherche scientifique. Cela revient au fond non pas à la théorie elle-même mais au paradigme épistémologique dans lequel elle se constitue. Souvent, explicitement ou implicitement, le paradigme prépondérant et qui constitue la base des recherches dans la discipline est le positivisme quoique pratique dans des contextes précis s'avère érodé envers la globalité du phénomène supply chain en théorie et dans le terrain. Nous jugeons ainsi l'état actuel de crise comme positionnement dans le cycle de Thomas Kuhn. Le positivisme se base sur la disjonction et la simplicité alors que le terrain se met à relier et mettre les parties en lien en vue de permettre un meilleur fonctionnement de la chaîne. De nombreux autres principes se développent en management que la théorie a du mal à saisir. Nous jugeons cependant, que la crise n'est pas d'ordre théorique mais plutôt épistémologique. Une révision et proposition de solutions s'annoncent le long de la présente réflexion. |
| Keywords: | Supply chain management,epistemological paradigm,positivism,complexity,systemic.,paradigme épistémologique,le positivisme,la complexité,la systémique |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02919351&r=all |
| By: | Martin Ravallion |
| Abstract: | The rising popularity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in development applications has come with continuing debates about the merits of this approach. The paper takes stock of the issues. It argues that an unconditional preference for RCTs is questionable on three main counts. First, the case for such a preference is unclear on a priori grounds. For example, with a given budget, even a biased observational study can come closer to the truth than a costly RCT. Second, the ethical objections to RCTs have not been properly addressed by advocates. Third, there is a risk of distorting the evidence-base for informing policymaking, given that an insistence on RCTs generates selection bias in what gets evaluated. Going forward, pressing knowledge gaps should drive the questions asked and how they are answered, not the methodological preferences of some researchers. The gold standard is the best method for the question at hand. |
| JEL: | B41 C93 O22 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:27554&r=all |
| By: | Igor Asanov (University of Kassel); Christoph Buehren (Clausthal University of Technology); Panagiota Zacharodimou (European Parliament) |
| Abstract: | The replicability and credibility crisis in psychology and economics sparked the debate on underpowered experiments, publication biases, and p-hacking. Analyzing the number of independent observations of experiments published in Experimental Economics, Games and Economic Behavior, and the Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, we observe that we did not learn much from this debate. The median experiment in our sample has too few independent observations and, thus, is underpowered. Moreover, we find indications for biases in reporting highly significant results. We investigate for which papers and experiments it is more likely to find reporting biases, and we suggest remedies that could help to overcome the replicability crisis. |
| Keywords: | Statistical power; statistical significance; meta-study; balanced randomization; caliper test |
| JEL: | C10 C12 C18 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202032&r=all |
| By: | Nicolas Piluso (CERTOP - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès) |
| Abstract: | If we accept the thesis that the "Keynesian revolution" relies on the hypothesis of asymmetry of the wage relationship at the basis of Keynes' theory of unemployment, it seems useful to analyze the place of such a hypothesis in major branches of post-Keysian analysis. Asymmetry is important but implicit in the different post-Keysian models. the latter would be more intelligible if they insisted more on the asymmetrical nature of the salary relation. |
| Abstract: | En partant de la thèse selon laquelle la « révolution keynésienne » s'appuie sur l'hypothèse d'asymétrie du rapport salarial au fondement de la théorie du chômage de Keynes, il semble utile d'analyser la place d'une telle hypothèse dans les grandes branches de l'analyse postkeynésienne. L'asymétrie est importante mais implicite dans les différents modèles postkeynésiens. Ces derniers gagneraient en clarté en insistant davantage sur le caractère asymétrique du rapport salarial. |
| Keywords: | salary relation,Walras law,growth,unemployment,asymétrie,loi de Walras,rapport salarial,chômage,croissance,circuit |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02884058&r=all |
| By: | Francesco Fallucchi (Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)); Daniele Nosenzo (University of Nottingham and Aarhus University) |
| Abstract: | A popular empirical technique to measure norms uses coordination games to elicit what subjects in an experiment consider appropriate behavior in a given situation (Krupka and Weber, 2013). The Krupka-Weber method works under the assumption that subjects use their normative expectations to solve the coordination game. However, subjects might use alternative focal points to coordinate, in which case the method may deliver distorted measurements of the social norm. We test the vulnerability of the Krupka-Weber method to the presence of alternative salient focal points. We find that the method is robust as long as there are clear normative expectations about what constitutes appropriate behavior. In settings where there is a less clear consensus about the social norm, the method is more vulnerable. |
| Keywords: | Social Norms; Krupka-Weber method; Coordination; Focal Point; Saliency; Dictator Game. |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:not:notcdx:2020-14&r=all |
| By: | Claude Diebolt (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UL - Université de Lorraine - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Charlotte Le Chapelain (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UL - Université de Lorraine - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Depuis la « Révolution du capital humain », initiée à la fin des années 1950, l'analyse économique reconnaît le capital humain comme un facteur important de développement et de croissance économique. La contribution du capital humain au processus de croissance demeure toutefois, paradoxalement peut être, sujette à de nombreuses incertitudes. Sa compréhension précise se heurte, presque systématiquement, à la difficulté d'évaluer de manière pertinente les dotations en capital humain. Cette difficulté constitue d'ailleurs la pierre d'achoppement du programme du capital humain depuis son origine. De nos jours, cette difficulté donne lieu à une critique sévère de son programme de recherche, si ce n'est à sa remise en question. |
| Keywords: | Histoire,Economie,Cliométrie,Capital humain |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02920362&r=all |
| By: | Gamage, Danula K. (Queen Mary, University of London); Sevilla, Almudena (University College London); Smith, Sarah (University of Bristol) |
| Abstract: | The status of women in economics in the US has come increasingly under the spotlight. We exploit high quality administrative data to paint the first comprehensive picture of the status of women in UK academic economics departments in research-intensive universities. Our evidence indicates that, as in the US, women in economics are under-represented and are paid less than men. The issues facing women in economics in the UK are similar to other disciplines particularly STEM but have received less national policy attention to date. We conclude with a discussion of interventions that might improve the status of women in academia and we present new evidence that a UK academic diversity programme (Athena Swan) has narrowed the gender pay gap at a senior level. |
| Keywords: | gender, affirmative action, academia, women in economics, gender wage gap |
| JEL: | A14 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13477&r=all |
| By: | Claude Diebolt (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UL - Université de Lorraine - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Roger Fouquet (Monsanto Company); Ralph Hippe (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UL - Université de Lorraine - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg) |
| Abstract: | Human capital has been seen to be a key factor for current and future economic growth. In a broader sense, it appears that we are moving towards a knowledge economy driven by human capital, technological progress and digitalization. However, although this evolution may be a new trend, similar developments have occurred in history before. In line with this reasoning, the scholarly feld of cliometrics has received ever more attention during the last years. In consequence, this paper presents the foundations of cliometrics, and provides insights into the basic conceptual framework and evolution of human capital during the last centuries. |
| Keywords: | Human Capital,Cliometrics,ICT,Economic Development,Economic Development JEL codes: I21,N90,O18 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02920429&r=all |
| By: | Giselle Torres Pabon |
| Keywords: | Karl Marx; fuerza de trabajo; cuerpo; consumo; alimentos; comer; hambre. Keywords: Karl Marx; labor force; body; food consumption; eating; famine. |
| JEL: | P16 Z13 B14 I3 J2 |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000418:018306&r=all |