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on History and Philosophy of Economics |
| By: | Grytten, Ola Honningdal (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | The present paper looks at the Weber-Tawney thesis on the positive link between Protestant ethic and economic growth. Both scholars observed that Protestant areas in the Western world seemed to gain faster and more wealth than areas with less Protestants, and largely explained this by a special mentality fostering entrepreneurship in Protestant thinking. By conducting a literature study of research in the area, the paper concludes that despite wide debate, there is a significant acceptance that there is a statistical link between religious affiliation and growth. However, scholars tend to disagree on the causal relationships. Still, the bulk of the literature seems to agree that the Reformation paved way for entrepreneurship and economic growth in one way or another. The paper seeks to map the most important explanations and the arguments behind them. |
| Keywords: | Weber; Reformation; Protestantism; Entrepreneurship; Economic Growth |
| JEL: | B15 B25 N10 N30 N90 O10 O40 O47 P10 P30 P41 P47 P50 |
| Date: | 2020–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2020_008&r=all |
| By: | Fries, Tilman; Parra, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This paper studies, theoretically and experimentally, whether the entitlement effect created by deservingness affects the willingness to lie. In a laboratory experiment, we compare the lying behavior of high-endowment participants with low-endowment participants. In one treatment, the allocation of the endowment is decided by participants' effort, and in the other, it is determined by a random draw. When participants lie to keep money directly determined by their effort, those who receive the high endowment lie more than those who receive the low endowment. In contrast, when income is determined by a random draw, lying is the same regardless of the endowment. These findings are consistent with our model of relative entitlement concerns where less deserving individuals are discouraged from lying because they believe that other individuals are more deserving than themselves. |
| Keywords: | Lying,Dishonesty,Deservingness,Reference points,Psychological game theory |
| JEL: | C91 D02 D90 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbebe:spii2020401&r=all |
| By: | Ivo Maes (Research and Economics Department - National Bank of Belgium and Robert Triffin Chair, Université catholique de Louvain and ICHEC Brussels Management School.); Sabine Péters (Professor at ICHEC Brussels Management School) |
| Abstract: | Niels Thygesen (born 1934) played for nearly five decades an influential role in the process of economic and monetary integration in Europe. He is especially known as a member of the Delors Committee and as the first Chair of the European Fiscal Board. As part of a research program on collecting memories, this paper publishes the results of several interviews with him. His early life offers insightful observations on Danish attitudes towards Europe and on the development of the economics profession in the postwar years (he was close to Nobel Prize laureates as Franco Modigliani and Milton Friedman). Thygesen’s involvement with the process of European monetary integration really started in 1974 with his membership of the Marjolin Committee (which provided an assessment of the failure of the 1970 Werner Report). Since then he has been involved in a multitude of committees and initiatives, like the OPTICA groups, the All Saints Day Manifesto, the Trilateral Commission, the Committee for Monetary Union in Europe (an initiative of Giscard and Schmidt) and the Euro50 Group. |
| Keywords: | Niels Thygesen, economic and monetary union, Delors Report, European Fiscal Board. |
| JEL: | A11 B22 E60 F50 N74 |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202005-382&r=all |
| By: | Becker, Sascha O. (Monash University); Rubin, Jared (Chapman University); Woessmann, Ludger (Ifo Institute for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | This chapter surveys the recent social science literature on religion in economic history, covering both socioeconomic causes and consequences of religion. Following the rapidly growing literature, it focuses on the three main monotheisms—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—and on the period up to WWII. Works on Judaism address Jewish occupational specialization, human capital, emancipation, and the causes and consequences of Jewish persecution. One set of papers on Christianity studies the role of the Catholic Church in European economic history since the medieval period. Taking advantage of newly digitized data and advanced econometric techniques, the voluminous literature on the Protestant Reformation studies its socioeconomic causes as well as its consequences for human capital, secularization, political change, technology diffusion, and social outcomes. Works on missionaries show that early access to Christian missions still has political, educational, and economic consequences in present-day Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Much of the economics of Islam focuses on the role that Islam and Islamic institutions played in political-economy outcomes and in the "long divergence" between the Middle East and Western Europe. Finally, cross-country analyses seek to understand the broader determinants of religious practice and its various effects across the world. We highlight three general insights that emerge from this literature. First, the monotheistic character of the Abrahamic religions facilitated a close historical interconnection of religion with political power and conflict. Second, human capital often played a leading role in the interconnection between religion and economic history. Third, many socioeconomic factors matter in the historical development of religions. |
| Keywords: | religion, economic history, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, economic development, education, persecution, political economy, finance, specialization, trade |
| JEL: | Z12 N00 J15 I15 I25 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp13371&r=all |
| By: | Harrison, Mark (University of Warwick, CAGE, CREES, University of Birmingham and CEPR) |
| Abstract: | In two world wars, both sides committed substantial resources to economic warfare. Before the event, influential thinkers believed that the threat of blockade (and later of bombing) would deter aggression. When war broke out, they hoped that economic action might bring the war to a close without the need for a conclusive military struggle. Why were they disappointed, and what was the true relationship between economic warfare and combat between military forces? The answer to this question depends on the effects of economic warfare, which can be understood only after considering the adversary’s adaptation. When the full range of adaptations is considered, it becomes clear that economic warfare and combat were usually strategic complements; they acted together and did not substitute for each other. The paper examines this question both in breadth and more narrowly, focusing on the Allied air campaign against Germany in World War II. There are implications for history and policy. |
| Keywords: | blockade, economic sanctions, economic warfare, strategy, substitution, war of attrition, World War I, World War II JEL Classification: H56, N44 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:468&r=all |
| By: | Heller, Hannah; Sagvosdkin, Valentin |
| Abstract: | Die Wirtschaftswissenschaft spielt eine wesentliche Rolle im Drama der multiplen Gesellschaftskrise: Ihre dominanten Strömungen folgen einer ideologischen marktfundamentalen Erzählung, die die Krisen nicht adäquat erklären kann und sie dadurch verschärft. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, einen theoretischen und konzeptionellen Rahmen zu entwickeln, mit dem diese Erzählung expliziert und analysiert werden kann. Es kann etwa gezeigt werden, dass der Kern der Erzählung, "der Markt", in vielfachen sich widersprechenden Bedeutungen und Metaphern personifiziert und naturalisiert wird. Das Narrativ folgt einem dualen Weltbild, dass antagonistische Gegensätze konstruiert. So wird die Vielfalt an alternativen Möglichkeiten des Wirtschaftens, die durch die Menschen gestaltet und verantwortet werden, verschleiert. |
| Keywords: | Ökonomisches Denken,Narrativ-Theorie,Pluralismus,Ideologie,Wirtschaftswissenschaft,Marktfundamentalismus |
| JEL: | B10 N10 P16 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cuswps:60&r=all |
| By: | Nicolai Suppa |
| Abstract: | Labour is of utmost importance for human wellbeing. Yet a comprehensive framework that can reflect the empirical diversity of labour activities along with each activities' manifold effects on human wellbeing is still lacking. An additional challenge for any such framework is to adequately handle fundamental moral ambiguities, which are inherent to many forms of work. This paper argues that a conceptualisation of labour within the capability approach can meet these requirements. Specifically, I argue that labour can be conceived as a characteristic-providing activity, where obtained characteristics are then transformed into functioning achievements, while accounting for both individual and societal heterogeneity. Additionally, paying adequate attention to unfreedoms experienced by agents turns out to be vital for a comprehensive account. Finally, the paper discusses policy handles, offers suggestions for particular applications, and identifies several other benefits for labour economics. |
| Date: | 2019–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qeh:ophiwp:ophiwp131&r=all |
| By: | Gilles Campagnolo (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Décédé le 25 août 2015, Yûichi Shionoya avait acquis une stature internationale en développant en particulier le champ de la philosophie économique. Nous consacrons une partie documentaire à cet économiste soucieux de la réflexivité au sein de sa discipline dans le présent numéro spécial « Philosophie économique au Japon ». Cet hommage est l'occasion de présenter au public de la Revue de philosophie économique/ Review of Economic Philosophy deux de ses textes inédits en toute autre langue que le japonais. Afin de mieux les situer, nous proposons cette courte présentation en français accompagnée d'une nécrologie en anglais. Nous remercions le professeur émérite Bertram Schefold, qui avait présidé une « table-ronde » d'hommage à Shionoya tenue en 2016 ; son texte constitue également un précieux témoignage de l'interaction entre chercheurs européens et japonais dans notre discipline et de l'influence forte exercée, en l'occurrence dans le cas de Shionoya, par la pensée de langue allemande. Les textes de Shionoya présentés en traduction française dans le présent numéro thématique sont tirés de son ouvrage Économie et éthique : philosophie de l'État-providence. Le premier texte constitue l'introduction du volume original, le second son appendice de nature historique et philosophique à la fois. Dans ce texte qui sert à la fois de conclusion au volume, la dernière phrase exprime tout l'esprit de la quête de Shionoya, dans ses propres termes : « dans ce livre, nous avons tenté de remplir consciencieusement et méthodiquement notre devoir consistant à rapporter la dimension des idées à celle des systèmes »… |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02365571&r=all |
| By: | Boris Salazar Trujillo |
| Keywords: | enseñanza; economía; critica; pluralismo; economistas ortodoxos; economistas heterodoxos; teaching; economy; review; pluralism; orthodox economists; heterodox economists |
| Date: | 2019–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000418:018195&r=all |
| By: | Gilles Campagnolo (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02365532&r=all |
| By: | Ductor, L.; Goyal, S.; van der Leij, M.; Paez, G. N. |
| Abstract: | We study the evolution of the influence of journals over the period 1970-2017. In the early 1970's, a number of journals had similar influence, but by 1995, the `Top 5' journals - QJE, AER, RES, Econometrica, and JPE - had acquired a major lead. This dominance has remained more or less unchanged since 1995. To place these developments in a broader context, we also study trends in sociology. The trends there have gone the other way - the field journals rose in influence, relative to the Top General journals. A model of journals as platforms is developed to understand these trends across time and across disciplines. |
| Keywords: | research impact, Top 5 journals, academic publishing, citations |
| JEL: | A14 D85 |
| Date: | 2020–04–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2029&r=all |