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on History and Philosophy of Economics |
| By: | Khumalo, Bhekuzulu |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the behaviour of knowledge in the short and long term. Knowledge behaves very different in the short term than in the long term. Once we can measure knowledge it is then possible to look at its behaviour, an impossibility if there where no theory formulated to measure knowledge. Once we can measure, humans can attempt to put knowledge in formulae that make sense. This paper is a follow up to the previous papers, written by the same author. These papers being “The Fundamental theory of Knowledge”, “Point X and the Economics of Knowledge”, and “Measuring a societies Knowledge Base”. The paper is a consistent follow up from the basic theories of knowledge that where developed in those papers, keeping knowledge simply in the scientific realm, as any science should attempt, if economics is a science then its aim is truly to measure economic phenomenon, otherwise economics remains in the realm of art and philosophy where anything goes. Measuring means we can manage. Knowing the long and short term behaviour of knowledge means that societies will be better placed to manage knowledge. The short term though is much easier to manage than the long term, but then again this is a known fact take care of the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves, meaning take care of the small things and the big things will be easier to look after. This paper allows us to understand knowledge in a deeper way than before. |
| Keywords: | knowledge Economics; short term; long term; systems potential; short long term equilibrium; singularity; point x; point u; exponential; |
| JEL: | E0 O11 O30 A20 C02 D80 A10 |
| Date: | 2008–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8944&r=hpe |
| By: | Khumalo, Bhekuzulu |
| Abstract: | This paper we seek to develop a knowledge transfer model from knowledge economic theory. Knowledge transfer is accepted as the end of the cycle in the knowledge process it is therefore important to have a knowledge transfer model from existing knowledge economic theory. Endeavoring to build this model the paper at firsts looks at the concept of knowledge transfer and then the model is built. The model is built on the fundamentals of time, of the properties of knowledge in the short and long term, very distinct properties, it is a step in the right direction. |
| Keywords: | knowledge economics; knowledge transfer; knowledge properties; knowledge economics; risk; |
| JEL: | D81 A20 C02 D80 C60 |
| Date: | 2008–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8942&r=hpe |
| By: | Astrid Matthey (Max-Planck-Institute of Economics) |
| Abstract: | In economic theory, utility depends on past, present and future outcomes. The experiment described in this paper suggests that utility also depends on people's attitudes, and that it can easily be manipulated through these attitudes. The results imply, ?rst, that purely outcome-based models of individual utility may be incomplete. Second, that reference-states are not determined completely endogenously but can be influenced from outside. And third, that experiments in economics may be sensitive to subtle details of the experimental design. |
| Keywords: | utility, reference state, attitudes, priming, experiment |
| JEL: | D01 D10 C91 |
| Date: | 2008–05–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2008-044&r=hpe |
| By: | Bernard Guerrien (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, SAMOS - Statistique Appliquée et MOdélisation Stochastique - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I) |
| Abstract: | La difficile frontière entre démarche scientifique et idées a priori |
| Keywords: | science ; idéologie ; épistémologie |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00273959_v1&r=hpe |
| By: | Krasniqi, Mikra |
| Abstract: | This paper compares the traditional neoclassical economic perspective with the recent empirical findings regarding minimum wage effect on employment. The comparison is done by reviewing and analyzing relevant literature and data that have recorded, over time, the changing attitudes toward the issue since the Great Depression era. By taking this approach, the argument is made that in the face of recent scientific findings and empirical research studies, the neoclassical argument that minimum wage laws have a negative effect on employment is gradually losing its appeal among scholars as well as practitioners. As a result, a new public debate is taking place on the issue, which in turn, has begun to have a transformative impact in the policymaking of minimum wage at the state and federal levels. |
| Keywords: | Minimum Wage Laws;Labor Economics; |
| JEL: | E24 |
| Date: | 2007–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8896&r=hpe |
| By: | Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur |
| Abstract: | Certaines statistiques sont développées dans un mouvement cohérent qui inclut à la fois objectifs de gestion administrative, projet politique et projet intellectuel. Ce fut le cas en particulier de la statistique de la justice criminelle qui se développa en France dès les années 1820 et évolua avec la criminologie et la politique pénitentiaire tout au long du XIXème siècle. Nous étudions la statistique officielle de la justice civile et commerciale, en particulier sa partie consacrée aux faillites, et montrons que bien que de bonne qualité techniquement, cette statistique déclina parce qu'aucun usage réel n'en fut fait : son usage à des fins de gestion administrative fut rapidement remis en cause, probablement non sans lien avec l'absence de véritable usage politique (c'est-à-dire législatif), lui-même affaibli par l'absence de théories économiques ou sociologiques capables d'utiliser efficacement ces statistiques pour expliquer des phénomènes économiques ou sociaux significatifs.###[english_abstract: Some statistics are developed within a consistent intellectual, political and administrative project, as was the case of criminal statistics which appeared and developed with criminology during the XIXth century, particularly in France and Belgium. We examine the official statistics of civil and commercial justice, and particularly those of bankruptcy, which were created by the same administration as the criminal statistics in the same period (in the 1830s). We show that the statistics were well done, but that they were unable to attract users in spite of an early use by the justice administration as a management device. Neither members of Parliament nor social scientists used them, probably because they weren't developed in order to answer adequate questions that would have been embedded in a clear and developing scientific framework. This led to a decline of these statistics, in spite of the fact the data they contained provide interesting insights on XIXth century's society and economy.]### |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pse:psecon:2008-30&r=hpe |
| By: | Thi Kim Cuong Pham |
| Abstract: | La fonction d'utilité de l’ homo oeconomicus est synonyme d'absence d'interactions sociales entre agents économiques et d'indépendance des préférences individuelles. Ce postulat d'utilité, dite absolue, est l'objet de nombreuses vérifications empiriques basées à la fois sur des données expérimentales et des données d'enquêtes réelles. Dans le cadre d'une revue de la littérature, cet article présentera, dans un premier temps, des justifications empiriques du postulat d'utilité relative. D'après celui-ci, l'individu aurait tendance à comparer son niveau de vie à une référence de sorte que son bien-être dépendrait en partie de sa position relative dans la société. Cette position relative serait alors assimilée à un statut social dont les enjeux et les conséquences font l'objet de nombreux travaux en analyse économique. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps, seront présentés les effets de la quête d'un meilleur statut social sur la propriété normative de l'équilibre décentralisé, sur la fiscalité correctrice et la fiscalité redistributive optimale. Cet article met également l'accent sur le rôle de la préférence pour un statut comme un facteur d'explication de la croissance économique ainsi que d'autres phénomènes liés à cette variable tels que l'inégalité, l'évolution du bien-être, la stratification sociale, et la taxation permettant d'atteindre la croissance optimale. |
| Keywords: | Bien-être; Croissance économique; Politique publique; Statut social; Utilité relative. |
| JEL: | D6 H31 O4 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2008-11&r=hpe |