|
on Heterodox Microeconomics |
|
Issue of 2024–11–25
twenty-six papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Heise, Arne |
| Abstract: | The article discusses the ongoing debate about a potential paradigm shift in eco-nomics. Institutions like the Institute for New Economic Thinking, the New Economics Foundation, and the Forum New Economy have been established to foster new approaches to understanding and transforming economies. While some main-stream economists see this as a significant and positive change, many heterodox economists remain sceptical, recalling past failed revolutions in economic thought, like the 'Keynesian revolution'. The article examines whether purported changes in economic policy indicate a true paradigm shift in the scientific sense (à la Kuhn) or just variations within the existing neoclassical framework. Despite some studies suggesting a paradigm shift is underway, it is argued that these shifts in policy do not necessarily stem from fundamental changes in economic theory. Instead, they represent swings within the dominant paradigm, such as the rise of behavioural or Schumpeterian economics, rather than a complete overhaul of the discipline. The article concludes that while mainstream economics may become more diverse, this should not be mistaken for a revolutionary change. Heterodox economists must continue to advocate for broader acceptance and genuine transformation in the discipline, rather than assuming that time alone will bring about such changes. |
| Keywords: | New Economics, paradigm shift, Post Keynesianism, heterodox economics |
| JEL: | B40 B51 B52 E11 E12 E13 E14 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cessdp:305296 |
| By: | Thomas Palley |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of different varieties of capitalism (VoC) on societal happiness. It begins with a critique of Neoclassical welfare economics which emphasizes Pareto optimality, and it argues for focusing on reported societal happiness. The paper identifies five VoC. Using a sample of twenty-six high-income countries drawn from the 2020 World Happiness Report, the paper shows societal happiness is systematically impacted by variety of capitalism type. Social Democratic economies report higher happiness levels. The US benefits from its standing as global economic hegemon, but it still reports lower happiness than Liberal and Social Democratic economies owing to its adverse societal relations. The public policy implication is the Social Democratic variety of capitalism produces greater societal happiness. More generally, happiness analysis can fill a gap in VoC theory and strengthen it by providing an operational form of welfare analysis. Making happiness the focus of attention will also likely change how economists interpret economies, which stands to change both economic theory and policy. |
| Keywords: | Happiness, varieties of capitalism, US hegemon, Liberal, Social Democratic, East Asian, Mediterranean Corporatist |
| JEL: | D6 P0 P1 P5 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imk:fmmpap:108-2024 |
| By: | Alexandre Chirat; Ulysse Lojkine |
| Abstract: | We investigate the concept of economic power in the three main paradigms of economic thinking in the 20th century: neoclassical, marxist and institutionalist. We propose a reconstruction, based on a new taxonomy, of the various forms of power conceptualized by each of them. In particular, we claim that the neoclassical paradigm contains a consistent although often implicit theory of power. We then show that many controversies between these paradigms were debates on power and that some shifts in mainstream economics in the 1970s and 1980s are a reaction to the criticisms leveled against the neoclassical conceptualization of power. |
| Keywords: | Power – Markets – Consumer sovereignty – History of economics |
| JEL: | B20 B40 L00 P00 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2024-31 |
| By: | Anton Galeev (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The paper discusses Yuli Zhukovsky’s 1864 article “Smithian Direction and Positivism in Economics”, one of the first research in methodology of political economy in Russia. Zhukovsky contrasts the abstract theorising of classical economists like Adam Smith and David Ricardo with the empiricism of his contemporaries like Henry Macleod. Zhukovsky advocates for a deductive, universal approach in economic theory, emphasising the importance of abstract models to explain economic phenomena. His interpretation of Smith aligns with modern views on classical political economy, focusing on the formation of theoretical systems from empirical facts. |
| Keywords: | classical political economy, economic methodology, Adam Smith, Yuli Zhukovsky, deduction, abstraction |
| JEL: | B12 B41 B31 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:270/ec/2024 |
| By: | Tiago Camarinha Lopes (UFG - Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia]) |
| Abstract: | Human-Centred Economics: The Living Standards of Nations, by Richard Samans, is a bold and optimistic book. Its main message stems from recognizing the crisis facing the global economy. The book argues that the dominant economic theory of the neoliberal era needs urgent revision and proposes a path that draws on a tradition of liberal thinkers who went far beyond a perspective solely focused on GDP growth. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04720791 |
| By: | Marcin Rzeszutek (Faculty of Psychology [Warsaw] - UW - University of Warsaw); Jørgen Vitting Andersen (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Adam Szyszka; Szymon Talaga (The Robert B. Zajonc Institute for Social Studies - UW - University of Warsaw) |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to connect the behavioral corporate finance perspective (micro level) with complexity theory via agent-based modeling to analyze the impact of selected psychological factors of chief executive officers (CEOs) on stock market volatility (macro level). Specifically, we wanted to explore whether Polish CEOs' subjective well-being (SWB) influenced their managerial decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it might be related to the volatility of stock prices during this critical period in Poland. Our study was based on a survey of Polish CEOs who managed companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In particular, 255 CEOs completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and a business survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on company management. Using the results of this survey, we built an agent-based model to investigate how CEOs' decision-making, stemming from their SWB levels, influences the perception of prices by individual traders and, in turn, how it is translated into aggregate stock market volatility. The results indicate the pathways through which the microscopic-level SWB of CEOs influences market price formation at a macroscopic level. The findings obtained from our model may shed new light on the rational expectations theory applied to stock market volatility during the financial crisis. |
| Keywords: | Subjective well-being, CEO, COVID-19, Stock market volatility, Rational expectations theory, Agent-based model |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04723512 |
| By: | Josué, ANDRIANADY; RAVELOSON, Rojo Armel |
| Abstract: | This manual offers a comprehensive overview of key economic theories applied to environmental issues. It covers classical views of nature as a resource, externalities theory, and critiques of the "Tragedy of the Commons" by Hardin and Ostrom. Behavioral economics concepts, such as status quo bias and nudging, are examined in environmental decision-making. The manual also discusses environmental justice, focusing on the North-South divide and its historical and structural causes. Finally, it explores the transition to a sustainable economy, addressing green growth, post-growth, and climate change challenges. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics Sustainable Development Natural Resources Market Failure Externalities Public Goods Climate Change Economic Policy Resource Management Economic Theory Welfare Economics Ecological Economics Environmental Justice Cost-Benefit Analysis Biodiversity Conservation |
| JEL: | A1 B3 N0 Q0 Z1 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122266 |
| By: | Nasrum, Muhammad |
| Abstract: | This study examines the moral and value-based framing of credit cards as an important tool of Indonesian financial perceptions and practices. By exploring the concept of ‘moral alchemy’, the transformation of cultural values and ethical perspectives on debt and credit is embodied and materialized in credit cards. Using a dynamic mix of multisite ethnography and netnography, I examine how credit card communities in Indonesia are reshaping the use of credit cards from a symbol of risky privileges to tools for financial empowerment. This research combines three areas of interest: Cultural economics, sociocultural perspectives on ethics, and value theory to provide a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. My findings show how consumers who are part of the largest community of credit card users in Indonesia actively reshape their moral beliefs to adapt to new financial practices, illustrating the complex interaction between global financial products and local cultural contexts. Such communities represent more than just the adoption of new financial instruments. They also represent a fundamental shift in how consumers and businesses interact with modern financial instruments. This research makes a valuable contribution to the growing literature on financial and economic practices based on socio-cultural perspectives and offers interesting insights into how innovative financial products are adopted and reinterpreted based on moral preferences and values that enable financial returns. |
| Date: | 2024–10–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:q9y7d |
| By: | Evek Gangwar |
| Abstract: | This research critically examines Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’s seminal works, ‘The Annihilation of Caste’ and ‘Caste in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis, and Development’. Ambedkar’s writings offer a profound critique of the caste system in India, highlighting its deeprooted socio-economic and psychological impacts. This study explores the historical context, underlying mechanisms, and the persistent challenges posed by caste-based discrimination. It also delves into Ambedkar’s proposed reforms and their relevance in contemporary India. Through this analysis, the project aims to contribute to a better understanding of caste dynamics and the ongoing struggle for social justice. In India: Their Mechanism, Genesis, and Development’, he systematically dissects the origins and functioning of the caste system, providing a historical and sociological perspective that underscores the complexities involved. This project not only analyzes Ambedkar’s works but also reflects on their enduring significance in modern India. The caste system, despite legal prohibitions, continues to affect millions of lives, making Ambedkar’s insights and solutions as relevant today as they were during his lifetime. Ambedkar’s ‘The Annihilation of Caste’ provides a scathing critique of the Hindu social order, challenging the very foundations of caste and advocating for its complete eradication. Key words: Critical Analysis, Ambedkar, Bhim Rao, Bhim Rao Ambedkar, Dalits, The Anhilation of Caste |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2024-51-03 |
| By: | Fabien Hildwein (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This methodological essay encourages organization scholars to pay attention to institutional ethnography, a rich and critical methodology to study (health)care organizations. Institutional ethnography aims at making the standpoint of invisibilized people at the bottom of organizations matter in science, and at unveiling how institutions influence, transform and constrain everyday life and work, resulting in violent power relations. Reviewing those goals of institutional ethnography reveals the common roots shared between institutional ethnography and care ethics, and how, on this basis, institutional ethnography can serve as a critical methodology for organizations in the care sector or employing care workers. The conclusion suggests avenues for research on alternative organizing and on emancipation through text interpretation. |
| Abstract: | La diffusion ou la divulgation de ce document et de son contenu via Internet ou tout autre moyen de communication ne sont pas autorisées hormis dans un cadre privé. |
| Keywords: | Institutional ethnography, Care ethics, Critical management studies, Feminist methodology, Ontology |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04755989 |
| By: | Sébastien Brion (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Nathalie Fabbe-Costes (AMU ECO - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté d'économie et de gestion - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Innovation is paradoxical. Its dominant conception is now showing its fragility in the face of the challenges of sustainability, while it has become an inescapable dogma in the economic and public spheres. This article highlights the limitations of a vision of innovation inherited from Schumpeter and limited to the economic dimension of "creative destruction". This vision, while illuminating the mechanisms of competition, is now proving incomplete in the face of today's environmental and social challenges. In contrast to naive "technological solutionism", this essay questions the theoretical foundations of innovation. In particular, it points to the pernicious effects of incremental innovation, which, under the guise of technological progress, perpetuates unsustainable models and fuels the "acceleration of the production of the useless. In light of these observations, the authors outline an alternative conception of innovation. From now on, innovation must inseparably integrate a system made up of four interdependent dimensions, allowing us to conceive of innovation in a sustainable way. |
| Abstract: | L'innovation joue et se joue de ses paradoxes. Si elle s'est imposée comme un dogme incontournable dans le monde des affaires et le domaine public, sa conception dominante révèle aujourd'hui ses fragilités face aux défis de la durabilité. Cet article met en lumière les limites d'une vision de l'innovation héritée de Schumpeter, cantonnée à la seule dimension économique de la "destruction créatrice". Cette vision, bien qu'éclairante sur les mécanismes concurrentiels, s'avère désormais incomplète face aux enjeux environnementaux et sociaux contemporains. À rebours du "solutionnisme technologique" naïf, cet essai interroge les fondements théoriques de l'innovation. Ils pointent notamment les effets délétères des innovations incrémentales qui, sous couvert de progrès technologique, perpétuent des modèles non soutenables et alimentent "l'accélération des productions de l'inutile". Face à ces constats, les auteurs esquissent les contours d'une conception alternative de l'innovation. Cette dernière doit désormais intégrer, de manière indissociable, un système composé de quatre dimensions interdépendantes permettant d'envisager l'innovation de manière soutenable. |
| Keywords: | innovation soutenable, techno-solutionnisme, approche systémique |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04755778 |
| By: | Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University); Asheim, Björn (University of Stavanger) |
| Abstract: | The chapter discusses the theoretical reorientation in economic geography over the last twenty years from a focus on structures, represented by regional innovation systems, to addressing the role of human agency in regional economic development, and reflects on what the two approaches can contribute to achieving sustainable regional restructuring. We are doing this by focusing on two articles – published in 2002 and 2022 - representing the two approaches. The 2002 article discusses the role of place-specific, local resources and external knowledge in strengthening the competitiveness and innovativeness of firms and regions. This perspective is still relevant in analyses and designs of regional innovation policies. However, a realisation of the shortcomings of a structural approach to explaining the variations of regional development outcomes in different types of regions, has led to a more explicit focus on the importance of change agency in regional change processes, as articulated in the 2022 article. |
| Keywords: | Regional innovation systems; human change agency; regional restructuring; sustainability challenges; local and global; innovation policy |
| JEL: | O30 R10 |
| Date: | 2024–10–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2024_013 |
| By: | Zachary Sheldon; Peeyush Kumar |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the intersection of economic anthropology and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). It examines how large language models (LLMs) can simulate human decision-making and the inductive biases present in AI research. The study introduces two AI models: C.A.L.L.O.N. (Conventionally Average Late Liberal ONtology) and M.A.U.S.S. (More Accurate Understanding of Society and its Symbols). The former is trained on standard data, while the latter is adapted with anthropological knowledge. The research highlights how anthropological training can enhance LLMs' ability to recognize diverse economic systems and concepts. The findings suggest that integrating economic anthropology with AI can provide a more pluralistic understanding of economics and improve the sustainability of non-market economic systems. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.15238 |
| By: | Xu, Tao Louie |
| Abstract: | This research constructs the duality-oriented political settlements framework through structuration theory. With immense conflicts and inequality of global development, the underlying power distribution and institutional evolution in the South, however, are not fully elucidated due to the dualism-driven disagreements. With the duality of structure, our research investigates the dialectical structure-agency relationship in socio-political interaction, mediating dualism into the power structuration process, followed by a case examination of the Peiyang Republic of China 1912–1928. The results illustrate that the duality-oriented framework settles the limitations on account of static power structure and convoluted agency. The findings reveal the evolving nature of political settlements, whereby institutions are used and reconstituted by the praxes of agents. Analysing the interaction between power agents and structures, this research reinterprets political settlements as dynamic reproduction of power systems for broader development and conflict studies. |
| Date: | 2024–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:nmvhq |
| By: | Nasrum, Muhammad |
| Abstract: | This article presents an anthropological study on credit card use in Indonesia. It focuses on cultural and social knots that mutually influence financial knowledge and experience using the concepts of performativity and temporality in relation to the rapid process of financialization. By focusing on the credit card community in Indonesia, this article explains how they strategize their financial algorithms in the credit card management cycle. This article contributes to anthropological research on the unequal impact of credit card use by exploring the complex relationship between access to financial and ethical justice, variations in cultural contexts, and social hierarchies. The research examines how financial temporality is created through material and institutional practices. The findings presented in this article underscore the importance of considering credit card activities within a broader framework of financialization and complex social dynamics in contemporary Indonesia and other similar contexts. This study contributes to theoretical discussions on the social and cultural elements of financialization by providing an in-depth and specific narrative analysis of credit and debt. |
| Date: | 2024–10–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:4wjzv |
| By: | Dimitri Goldztejn |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyse the recent inflation period (2021-2023) in the case of France. We first study the cost-push dimension of inflation with an Input-Output price model (Leontief price model) using the methodology developed by Weber et al (2024) for the USA, which we extend to include the sensitivity of the CPI to import prices; this allows us to identify, in the case of France, the 'systemically significant' sectors as defined by Weber et al (2024) (after Hockett & Omarova (2016)). In the second part, based on detailed National Accounts data, we study the evolution of price components and value sharing, accounting for the sector heterogeneity of the dynamics. In this section, we also provide elements to the debate on 'profit inflation'. Based on the results obtained, it seems that the term 'cost-push-profit-led inflation' (Nikiforos et al (2024)) appropriately describes the phenomenon observed in France over the period studied. These results call for a rethinking and renewing of the policy toolbox against inflation. These considerations prove particularly relevant in the context of ecological transition, because of the various issues it raises: in terms of energy, raw materials and provisioning (Miller et al (2023)), but also of satisfying essential needs through the production and distribution of specific goods and services in a post-growth context (Doyal & Gough (1984), Briens (2015), Millward-Hopkins (2020), Durand et al (2024)). |
| Keywords: | France, inflation, profit inflation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imk:fmmpap:110-2024 |
| By: | Jian-Qiao Zhu; Joshua C. Peterson; Benjamin Enke; Thomas L. Griffiths |
| Abstract: | Understanding how people behave in strategic settings–where they make decisions based on their expectations about the behavior of others–is a longstanding problem in the behavioral sciences. We conduct the largest study to date of strategic decision-making in the context of initial play in two-player matrix games, analyzing over 90, 000 human decisions across more than 2, 400 procedurally generated games that span a much wider space than previous datasets. We show that a deep neural network trained on these data predicts people’s choices better than leading theories of strategic behavior, indicating that there is systematic variation that is not explained by those theories. We then modify the network to produce a new, interpretable behavioural model, revealing what the original network learned about people: their ability to optimally respond and their capacity to reason about others are dependent on the complexity of individual games. This context-dependence is critical in explaining deviations from the rational Nash equilibrium, response times, and uncertainty in strategic decisions. More broadly, our results demonstrate how machine learning can be applied beyond prediction to further help generate novel explanations of complex human behavior. |
| Keywords: | behavioural game theory, large scale experiment, machine learning, behavioral economics, complexity |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11296 |
| By: | Banerjee, Archis; Kumar, Neha; Quisumbing, Agnes R. |
| Abstract: | There is growing evidence that gender disparities in the distribution of paid and unpaid work impose constraints on women’s well-being and livelihoods, reducing access to paid employment, and time for education, leisure, and social activities. Yet, gender disparities in unpaid work often go undiagnosed by traditional household surveys. While time-use surveys are well-suited for measuring unpaid work, they are often expensive to administer and take substantial amounts of survey time, leading to respondent fatigue, particularly in multi-topic surveys where other outcomes are also being collected. In this paper, we compare data collected using the task allocation module in the Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) integrated household survey and the time-use module in the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) survey. We begin by describing the methods used to collect the data in each of the surveys. We present an overview of the characteristics of the study sites in the TAFSSA integrated survey and sites in the same countries where the WEAI data were collected. We then present comparable data from each of the two methods. The findings confirm the gendered patterns in involvement in different activities as measured by both survey modules. While women’s participation in agricultural activities is high across Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, the amount of time they spend on agricultural activities is less than that spent by men. Both survey tools confirm that women undertake most of the food preparation-related activities, and men contribute through shopping/purchasing food. |
| Keywords: | time use patterns; households; gender; unpaid work; women's empowerment; surveys; gender norms; Bangladesh; India; Nepal; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2277 |
| By: | Sandrine Michel (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Les économistes régulationnistes cherchent à mettre à jour des régimes d'accumulation et leur architecture institutionnelle. Un régime s'établit par des compromis institutionnalisés qui typent l'articulation toujours spécifique, temporaire et située de cette architecture. Jusque récemment, le temps long de l'économiste fut celui des structures sociales adossées à l'accumulation du capital.Aujourd'hui, la crise environnementale tend à être définie comme la crise générée par la façon de plus en plus prédatrice dont les régimes d'accumulation ont fait et font usage de la nature. Mais la relation sociale à la nature ne peut y être réduite (Cahen-Fourrot 2023). Cela ouvre une analyse rétrospective sur la manière dont les régimes d'accumulation successifs ont fait usage de la nature (McMahon & McDonough 2021, Boyer 2023, Aglietta & Espagne 2024). Ces analyses sont en cours (Debref et al. 2016, Nieddu & Vivien 2016, Maghales 2023). La matérialité du social qu'elles réintroduisent les amènent toutes, par des chemins différents, à s'interroger sur le maintien du capitalisme comme forme historique. Seule une approche par les effets du capitalisme sur la nature conduit à avancer l'hypothèse qu'il pourrait ne pas survivre à ses propres dégâts (Fressoz 2023). Dans le même temps, d'autres travaux argumentent la possibilité – et les difficultés - d'un modèle de croissance alternatif, centré sur le développement humain (Fontvieille 1990, Ranis et al 2000, Boyer 2002). Dans ce cas également, c'est de l'intérieur du temps long et de l'analyse des transformations structurelles que surgit l'interrogation. Au niveau macroéconomique, la force de travail ne peut être réduite à sa composante marchande. Celle-ci s'articule également avec la production de la qualité des hommes et des femmes par l'éducation, la santé… dans le cadre du rapport marchand de travail sans s'y réduire. Seul le temps long permet également ici de lire la dualisation du rapport social de travail, d'abord issue de la crise du régime d'accumulation (début 19ème siècle jusque 1945) puis conditionnant ce dernier (depuis 1945) (Michel & Vallade 2007). Avec la crise de l'actuel régime d'accumulation, la production de la qualité du travail échoue à être appropriée par l'accumulation. Les dommages causés à ses appareils de production par le rationnement des dépenses publiques et sociales sont réels (Gallois et Nieddu 2016) mais ne suppriment pas la question de la contradiction de leur développement : elles conditionnent la productivité du travail dans un univers concurrentiel et dans le même temps la productivité du travail peine à s'appuyer sur elles pour croître (Michel 2023). Des formes de conflictualité nouvelles du rapport capital travail peuvent être identifiées. Ces deux tendances placent le rapport social à la nature et le rapport social de travail dans un conflit de temporalités par rapport à l'accumulation que cette communication a pour objet d'étudier. |
| Keywords: | Théorie de la régulation, Crise environnementale, Rapport salarial, Conflits de temporalité |
| Date: | 2024–10–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04724319 |
| By: | Rubin, Deborah |
| Abstract: | This paper reports on approaches for strengthening women’s empowerment that were implemented by project partners involved in the International Food Policy Research (IFPRI)-led Applying New Evidence for Women’s Empowerment (ANEW) project funded by the Walmart Foundation. The study explores the partner organizations’ websites and publications, project materials, and selected staff interviews to better understand how each envisions women’s empowerment and the pathways for supporting it. The four implementing project partners are Grameen Foundation, Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) in India, Root Capital in Mexico, and TechnoServe in Guatemala. Their programs and their organizational approaches vary in whether they primarily focus on women rather than more broadly targeting both women and men and their gender relationships. Some organizations are more “organic†in integrating attention to gender and empowerment into their programs, designing and implementing an approach on a case by case basis. Others are more intentional in establishing organization-wide policies, strategies, and monitoring systems. The organizations also differ in their positions on supporting “economic empowerment†and clear economic benefits such as prioritizing increased income or assets in contrast to those that also seek to actively change social norms and achieve other social dimensions of empowerment that encompass behaviors around decision-making, mobility, and self-confidence. Another variation is in the organizations’ attention to enterprise development and, consequently to entrepreneurship and upgrading, and what aspects of women's empowerment are most critical for achieving those goals. This paper offers implementers and their funders insight into organizational differences in approaches to women’s empowerment. The review demonstrates that both funders and implementers continue to focus on strengthening women’s economic empowerment by increasing women’s incomes and assets, often with good results. However, they often lack clear theories of change or explicit strategies to strengthen other dimensions of women’s empowerment. More nuanced, evidence-based theories of change and targeted actions could strengthen program design to expand and support women’s achievement of empowerment across all its dimensions. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; gender; policies; women; women’s empowerment |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2283 |
| By: | C. Champenois (Audencia Business School); D. Saurier (Audencia Business School); E. Béliard |
| Abstract: | The article sheds light on the process of fabrication of a polysemous, ambiguous and mocking French entrepreneurial expression−the "start-up nation"−construed as an empty signifier. The fabrication of such empty signifiers in the discourses of entrepreneurship and management, what creates them and what they create, remain little explored questions. This article addresses the following question: How do repeated quotations of an empty signifier enable it to perform entrepreneurship? We trace the circulation of the expression from its first utterance in the political sphere by Emmanuel Macron, then French Minister of the Economy, through to the media and the scientific sphere, using a communicative analysis of Emmanuel Macron's speeches (n=4), press articles (n=210) and academic productions (n=30). We show the shifts in meaning and values that take place, in particular the way in which the "start-up nation" takes on denunciatory and pejorative values, and is transformed from a political formula into a pejorative, decontextualized little phrase. Our results enrich the critical literature on management and entrepreneurship, particularly the analysis of the performativity of entrepreneurial discourse. By describing the manufacture of an empty signifier through its circulation in social space, the study reveals the counter-power potential of performativity. The results also highlight the surprising absence of an academic critical dimension |
| Keywords: | Start-up nation, Macron, discourse, entrepreneurship, critical approaches, Butler. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04752802 |
| By: | Xiaodan Yu; Giovanni Dosi; Maria Enrica Virgillito; Can Huang; Lanhua Li |
| Abstract: | By means of a fine-grained dataset linking exported product-level and firm-level data, this pa- per reconstructs the Chinese accumulation regimes at the microlevel in the period 2000-2013. After documenting a few macro stylized facts on the Chinese export-led accumulation regime in terms of the trend of Chinese exports in international markets, and the appreciation in the terms of trade in manufacturing products, the paper gives evidence of a process of restructuring of exporting firms towards more complex products and sectors, against any hypothesis of a purported price dumping in international markets. The positive relationship between technological content of the exported product and pricing markup strategies confirms the Sylos-Labini hypothesis linking prices and technological advantage, yielding the formation of international oligopolies able to exercise forms of market power and setting prices well-above any competitive level. As such, the trend in export prices has signalled the progressive capacity of the Chinese firms to orient the patterns of international market penetration, particularly in most complex productions. |
| Keywords: | Chinese exports, product/firm level export prices, pass-through, international oligopolies, profitabilities |
| Date: | 2024–11–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2024/29 |
| By: | Nasrum, Muhammad |
| Abstract: | A credit card is a symbol of different types of consumer credit. Their use to satisfy consumer needs can trigger impulsive spending, often leading to addiction and even debt bondage. This study follows the activities of a credit card community in Indonesia and includes ethnographic fragments in which credit cards are not used for consumptive purposes but rather as productive business capital. Temporality, as a concept in the anthropological study of debt and credit, is used as a research framework as well as a strategy to comprehensively analyse the credit card algorithm from a cultural perspective, including the characteristics and functions of credit cards that are reflected in the decision-making of community members throughout the life cycle of the credit card, from application to business use, which enables this financial facility to provide benefits and maintain trust. |
| Date: | 2024–10–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mzr8y |
| By: | Elhoussaine Wahyana; Eduardo Amaral Haddad |
| Abstract: | The debate on global value chains (GVCs) has emphasized countries’ contributions to value-added creation. From an intercountry perspective, a new body of research is addingto this debate by studying how subnational regions contribute to the indicators in specific countries. Proper assessment of economic contributions is essential for designing incentive policies. This paper analyzes the role played by the main trading partners of Moroccan regions in local value chains. We use input-output (IO) analysis to decompose regional value-added in Morocco, based on different sources of domestic and foreign final demand, taking into account the differences in regional economic structures and the nature of systematic interdependence associated with the structure of inter-regional linkages in Morocco. For each final demand originating from and into one of the Moroccan regions, we estimate measures of trade in value-added (TiVA). The output decomposition of final demand into domestic and foreign demand, where the latter is broken down into the final demand from each trading partner, serves as the methodological anchor for the study. We use the inter-regional input-output table for Morocco with 2019 data. The measures of trade in value-added reveal different inter-regional and international trade integration hierarchies, with implications for regional inequality in the country. We try to answer two main questions. First, how do domestic absorption and foreign exports affect value-added generation in Moroccan regions? Second, what is the regional value-added content incorporated in the components of final demand by geographical source? |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:rp_01-24 |
| By: | Chee, Liberty (Ca' Foscari University of Venice) |
| Abstract: | After nearly half a century, domestic workers were again tabled on the agenda of the International Labour Conference in 2008. Three short years later, Conference delegates voted to establish the International Labour Organization’s Convention on Domestic Work (C189). This paper builds on the insight that the campaign to push for C189 was taken up by a feminist “velvet triangle”. These networks are usually comprised of women in social movements, femocrats and academics. The informality of these alliances is due, in part, to the gendered marginality of an issue area, allowing for improvisation and agile coalitions. The paper traces the origins of this triangle to bottom-up calls to develop measurement methodologies to make women’s labour “visible” in the UN Conferences on Women, and later in discussions about the informal economy. It then examines the relations among femocrats in the ILO, academics, and the global trade unions in one important element of the campaign – mobilising statistics on domestic workers worldwide. The paper demonstrates how the production and mobilisation of statistical estimates were crucial in making the sector more tractable. It attends to the under-explored effects of the “power of cognitive resources” in the literature. Finally, the article shows that the explicitly political project of the women’s movements yielded not only a normative labour instrument, but advances in different fields of study. This case shows that the production of scientific knowledge, while still an overwhelmingly elite endeavour, need not always cater to elite demands. |
| Date: | 2024–10–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:9fbu7 |
| By: | Mustapha EL JARARI (Laboratoire de Recherche en Économie Sociale et Solidaire, Gouvernance et Développement (LARESSGD)); Brahim EL MORCHID (Laboratoire de Recherche en Économie Sociale et Solidaire, Gouvernance et Développement (LARESSGD)) |
| Abstract: | The fundamental scientific challenges of this research are twofold. Firstly, it assesses the association between the membership of smallholder farming households in dairy cooperatives and their ability to strengthen their resilience to food insecurity, as measured by the Food Consumption Score, in the context of the Souss valley. Subsequently, through the use of a binary logistic regression model, this study analyzes the influence of various socio-economic factors on the probability of joining these cooperatives. The aim is to determine the main factors influencing this participation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results show that over 60% of smallholders are not members of cooperatives, while those who are members own on average four times more livestock than non-members. Remoteness from milk collection centers significantly reduces the probability of membership, while off-farm income and financial transfers from migrants substantially increase this probability. Although access to irrigation water is beneficial, its effect remains limited. In addition, labor availability quadruples the likelihood of membership, while access to credit and land size show no significant effect, and agricultural extension visits do not appear to have any measurable impact. |
| Abstract: | Les enjeux scientifiques fondamentaux de cette recherche sont de deux types. En premier lieu, il évalue l'association entre l'adhésion des ménages de petits exploitants agricoles aux coopératives laitières et leur capacité à renforcer leur résilience face à l'insécurité alimentaire, mesurée par le Score de Consommation Alimentaire, dans le contexte de la vallée du Souss. Par la suite, à travers l'utilisation d'un modèle de régression logistique binaire, cette étude analyse l'influence de divers facteurs socio-économiques sur la probabilité d'adhésion à ces coopératives. L'objectif est de déterminer les principaux facteurs influençant cette participation et d'élucider les mécanismes sous-jacents. Nos résultats montrent que plus de 60 % des petits exploitants ne sont pas membres de coopératives, tandis que ceux qui adhèrent possèdent en moyenne un cheptel quatre fois plus important que les non-membres. L'éloignement des centres de collecte de lait réduit significativement la probabilité d'adhésion, tandis que les revenus non agricoles et les transferts financiers des migrants augmentent substantiellement cette probabilité. Bien que l'accès à l'eau d'irrigation soit bénéfique, son effet reste limité. En outre, la disponibilité en main-d'œuvre quadruple les chances d'adhésion, alors que l'accès au crédit et la taille des terres ne montrent pas d'effet significatif, et les visites de vulgarisation agricole ne semblent pas avoir d'impact mesurable. |
| Keywords: | Coopératives laitières, Petits paysans, Sécurité alimentaire, Vallée du Souss |
| Date: | 2024–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04745516 |