|
on Heterodox Microeconomics |
|
Issue of 2019‒01‒28
24 papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Marwil J. Dávila-Fernández; Lionello F. Punzo |
| Abstract: | We present a multi-sectoral assessment of financialisation based on Input-Output analysis. Our main innovation consists in introducing financialisation as an increase in financial content per unit of output produced. In this way, we can investigate changes in relative importance of financial activities taking into account interactions among sectors. Using a 15 and 14-sector level of aggregation, we study the United States and Brazilian experiences for the period 1947-2015 and 1995-2011, respectively. Although methods focusing on the disaggregation of Input-Output tables have been largely explored in past decades, they have received limited attention in the literature on financialisation. We aim to refocus on multisectoral issues by offering a simple structure of analysis to assess the interconnections between the real and financial sides of the economy. |
| Keywords: | Financialisation; Financial intermediation; Input-Output; United States; Brazil. |
| JEL: | G20 O11 O14 O33 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:794&r=all |
| By: | Giovanni Dosi; Andrea Roventini |
| Abstract: | This work nests the Agent-Based macroeconomic perspective into the earlier history of macroeconomics. We discuss how the discipline in the 70's took a perverse path relying on models grounded on fictitious rational representative agent in order to try to pathetically circumvent aggregation and coordination problems. The Great Recession was a natural experiment for macroeconomics, showing the inadequacy of the predominant theoretical framework grounded on DSGE models. After discussing the pathological fallacies of the DSGE-based approach, we claim that macroeconomics should consider the economy as a complex evolving system, i.e. as an ecology populated by heterogenous agents, whose far-from-equilibrium interactions continuously change the structure of the system. This in turn implies that more is different: macroeconomics cannot be shrink to representative-agent micro, but agents' complex interactions lead to emergence of new phenomena and hierarchical structure at the macro level. This is what is taken into account by agent-based models, which provide a novel way to model complex economies from the bottom-up, with sound empirically-based micro-foundations. We present the foundations of Agent-Based macroeconomics and we discuss how the contributions of this special issue push its frontier forward. Finally, we conclude by discussing the ways ahead for the fully acknowledgement of agent-based models as the standard way of theorizing in macroeconomics. |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics, Economic Policy, Keynesian Theory, New Neoclassical Synthesis, New Keynesian Models, DSGE Models, Agent-Based Evolutionary Models, Complexity Theory, Great Recession, Crisis |
| Date: | 2019–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2019/01&r=all |
| By: | Sophie Clot (UOR - University of Reading); Gilles Grolleau (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, CEREN - Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] - BSB - Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC)); Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Rather than just examining moral licensing and cleansing at an aggregate level, we investigate experimentally the moral dynamics at an individual level. We also propose a formal definition of moral consistency or inconsistency (i.e., moral licensing and/or moral cleansing). We found that half our sample present inconsistent pro-environmental behaviour, independently of the way behavior is elicited (positive or negative framing). Men seem to behave more consistently over time, but when they compensate, they license (respectively cleanse) in a higher (respectively lesser) extent than women. We suggest that policies can improve their performances by avoiding a ‘one size fits all approach' and take into account this heterogeneity of moral dynamics. |
| Keywords: | moral in(consistency,licensing,cleansing,dictator game,taking game. |
| Date: | 2019–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01954925&r=all |
| By: | Lippert, Rainer |
| Abstract: | In this article it is shown that the labor value theory according to Marx is flawed in a central aspect: Neither the surplus value nor the value is produced. Value is a social relationship that is formed on the social level between exchange partners. Potential goods are produced as reference points for possible value relationships. They are shaped by manpower, machine and nature. On this basis, the description of value formation deviates from the classical interpretation of labor theory, and the value is no longer perceived as a subjective singularity (as a generated "work value", that can only be an expectation value) but as a real relationship between humans. |
| Keywords: | Karl Marx; labour theory of value; labor value; labor value as a social relationship |
| JEL: | B0 B14 B50 B51 |
| Date: | 2019–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:91189&r=all |
| By: | Chiara Mussida (DISCE, Università Cattolica); Raffaella Patimo (Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro.) |
| Abstract: | TPersistently low employment of women in some countries can still be attributed to a traditional perception of women’s role in society. According to observed data and prevailing social and cultural norms, women have been bearing the primary burdens of housework, childcare and other family responsibilities. The unequal share of these care responsibilities between women and men further worsens the disadvantages of women in balancing public and private life, with an impact on their employment and health outcomes. In this paper we investigate the role of family responsibilities in shaping employment and health outcomes by gender, in Italy and France before and after the economic downturn. We find results supporting the fact that gender differences in the share of responsibilities roles in the public and private sphere influence the employability and health perception of women. |
| Keywords: | Employment, Gender gap, Care responsibilities, Health |
| JEL: | C33 D13 I10 J13 J21 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie2:dises141&r=all |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Allende Hernández, Olivia |
| Abstract: | La necesidad de reconocer estrategias que promuevan la innovación y sostenibilidad de la actividad productiva resulta de interés a un amplio público, tanto para el emprendedor que espera la consolidación y desarrollo de su proyecto como para aquellas instituciones cuyas acciones sobre este colectivo se traducen en condiciones favorables de operación, generación de competencias y agregado de valor para sus bienes. Una de las propuestas para llevar adelante procesos de mejora de carácter continuo es la constitución de comunidades de práctica en su interior, las cuales se configuran como un nuevo entorno de aprendizaje posibilitando la creación de una identidad fuerte, esquemas de socialización activos y promoción de la participación. El propósito del trabajo consiste en comprender bajo la teoría de comunidades de práctica, las trayectorias y conductas de emprendedores de Economía Social integrados bajo una forma asociativa, Asociación RUMI, en la ciudad de Mar del Plata (República Argentina). Las prácticas se desarrollan en torno a tres tipos de interacciones: entre emprendedores, con el público y con otras organizaciones caracterizado por un fuerte compromiso con el desarrollo social y cultural del espacio físico donde se localizan, con el medio ambiente y en el uso de tecnologías con lineamientos propios. |
| Keywords: | Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones; Emprendedores; Economía Social; |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:2994&r=all |
| By: | Claudio Araujo (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Catherine Araujo-Bonjean (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Victor Beguerie (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The Multi-Functional Platforms program consists of setting up powered community mills managed by women in rural areas. By strengthening women's capacities in areas traditionally reserved for men, the program places women at the core of local development and places emphasis on the empowerment of women. To assess the impact of community mills on women's empowerment, which is by its very nature a non-observable variable with multiple dimensions, we propose an original operational framework based on Sen's capability theory. We argue that community mills participate in women's empowerment by giving them more control over the decision-making process in all spheres of their life (agency freedom), and by expanding their capability set (well-being freedom). We use structural equation modeling to explore the relationship between these two unobservable latent variables, and to assess the impact of community mills. The database is taken from a survey of 2,400 women living in 200 villages in Burkina Faso. The results are consistent with a positive impact of the program on women's empowerment. The results also confirm the validity of the approach for evaluating a potentially important, but hard-to-value, intangible outcome of a development program like individual empowerment. |
| Keywords: | Capability,Agency,Structural equation model,Burkina Faso. |
| Date: | 2018–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01958755&r=all |
| By: | Luc Bovens (The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Adrien Lutz (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | There are three slogans in the history of Socialism that are very close in wording, namely, the famous Cabet-Blanc-Marx slogan: From each according to his ability; To each according to his needs; the earlier Saint-Simon-Pecqueur slogan: To each according to his ability; To each according to his works; and the later slogan in Stalin's 1936 Soviet Constitution: From each according to his ability; To each according to his work. We trace the earliest occurrences of these slogans and their biblical sources and we show how the progression from one slogan to the next casts light on the development of early socialist thought. |
| Keywords: | socialism,utopian socialism,bible,Christianity,slogans |
| Date: | 2019–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01973833&r=all |
| By: | Albert Marouani (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | Standard neo-classical economic theory is based on the idea of balance and symmetry between opposing forces (supply and demand). Most situations in the field of macroeconomics, in particular, are of a structurally asymmetrical nature. The same is true about the behavior of all agents because asymmetry of information is a characteristic of any contractual relationship in any market. Classical economists, as well as other heterodox economists, also consider that asymmetry, inequality and the conflicts of power and domination are at the very heart of market relations and explain the historical dynamics of the evolution of market economies. In these circumstances, it should be considered that the asymmetrical relationship must be regarded as the norm of the market economy. |
| Abstract: | La théorie économique standard néo-classique repose sur l'idée d'équilibre et de symétrie, entre forces opposées, notamment l'offre et la demande. Or la plupart des situations dans le domaine de la macroéconomie notamment sont de nature structurellement asymétrique. Il en est de même au niveau de la microéconomie des comportements des offreurs et des demandeurs du fait de l'asymétrie d'information qui est une caractéristique propre à toute relation contractuelle sur n'importe quel marché. Les économistes classiques, comme sur un autre registre les économistes hétérodoxes, considèrent également que l'asymétrie, les inégalités et les conflits de pouvoir et de domination sont au coeur même des relations marchandes et de la dynamique historique d'évolution à long terme des économies de 2 marché. Il conviendrait dans ces conditions de considérer que la relation asymétrique doit constituer la norme de l'économie de marché. |
| Keywords: | asymmetry,neoclassical economics,market,equilibrium,econometrics,macroeconomics,classical economics,evolutionary economics,structure |
| Date: | 2018–03–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01965258&r=all |
| By: | Helmedag, Fritz |
| Abstract: | Marx's and Keynes's analyses of capitalism complement each other well. In a rather general model including the public sector and international trade it is shown that the labour theory of value provides a sound foundation to reveal the factors influencing employment. Workers buy "necessaries" out of their disposable wages from an integrated basic sector, whereas the "luxury" department's revenues spring from other sources of income. In order to maximize profits, the wage good industry controls the level of unit labour costs. After all, effective demand governs the volume of work. On this basis, implications for economic policy are outlined. |
| Keywords: | Employment,Marx,Keynes,Surplus value |
| JEL: | E11 E12 E24 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:1132019&r=all |
| By: | Nicolas Piluso (CERTOP - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPS - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - INU Champollion - Institut national universitaire Champollion - Albi) |
| Abstract: | Tandis qu'Orléan-Aglietta et Benetti-Cartelier jugent indispensable l'adoption d'un postulat de la monnaie comme fondement de l'analyse économique, Wray tente de faire de la monnaie un résultat de l'analyse économique. Nous essayons de montrer que toutes ces théories économiques de la monnaie, qu'elles le revendiquent ou non, doivent recourir recours à un postulat de la monnaie et abandonner l'idée de faire de la monnaie un résultat de la théorie économique. |
| Keywords: | Cantillon's rule,imbalance,theory of value,State,Money |
| Date: | 2018–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01964697&r=all |
| By: | Monika Mrázová; J. Peter Neary; Mathieu Parenti |
| Abstract: | We derive exact conditions relating the distributions of firm productivity, sales, output, and markups to the form of demand in monopolistic competition. Applications include a new “CREMR” demand function (Constant Revenue Elasticity of Marginal Revenue): it is necessary and sufficient for the distributions of productivity and sales to have the same form (whether Pareto, lognormal, or Fréchet) in the cross section, and for Gibrat’s Law to hold over time; it implies a new class of distributions well-suited to capture the dispersion of markups; and it provides a parsimonious fit for the distributions of sales and markups superior to most widely-used alternatives. |
| Keywords: | CREMR demands, Gibrat’s Law, heterogeneous firms, Kullback-Leibler divergence, lognormal versus Pareto distributions, sales and markup distributions |
| JEL: | F15 F23 F12 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7433&r=all |
| By: | Korkut Alp Erturk |
| Abstract: | Marx discussed institutional innovations in the context of a complex dynamic between inter versus intra-group opportunism, which contains clues for understanding how capacity for class agency develops. His lengthy discussion of the English Factory Acts in his Vol. I of Capital is an important case in point, which the paper revisits for its broader lessons not only for how institutions solve collective action problems but also how they become self-enforcing when third party enforcement is ineffective. The paper gives an account of how the Acts could have become self-enforcing at a time when the state enforcement capacity was rudimentary at best. The argument focuses on the dynamic between inter versus intra-class opportunism, shedding analytical light on how organized labor could help capitalists bolster their capacity for class agency. |
| Keywords: | Institutions, collective action problem, opportunistism, common's problem JEL Classification: B14,B55, C720 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uta:papers:2019_01&r=all |
| By: | Andy Stirling (SPRU and STEP Centre, University of Sussex) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines a variety of theories bearing on ‘socio-material incumbency’ and explores methodological implications. The aim is to develop a systematic general approach, which builds on strengths and mitigates weaknesses in prevailing analytical frameworks. Defining power as ‘asymmetrically structuring agency’, incumbency is visible in a diversity of power gradients constituted by multiple economic, political and social processes. But existing representations of these incumbency-reinforcing dynamics often neglect their own exposures to effects of incumbency. The result can be a self-acknowledged tendency to “reify” focal categories and assumptions. Under an ostensibly detached ‘eagle-eye view’ (as if from a lofty governance ‘cock-pit’), ‘fallacies of misplaced concreteness’ emphasise unduly simplified notions like ‘the regime’. These can serve to exaggerate the confined, congruent, discrete and singular properties of incumbency in any setting. This picture may in turn overstate the tractabiliy of incumbency to conventional policy instruments. Resulting actions that aim to challenge incumbency, but neglect its wider and deeper forms, may inadvertently help reinforce it. An alternative is argued to lie in addressing incumbency as a ‘multiplexity’ of overlapping ‘configuring fields’. Pervading an entire ‘milieu’ of imaginably viable socio-material configurations, these gradients in structuring agency display both ‘scalar intensity’ (in concentrating power) and ‘vector intensity’ (in orienting particular associated pathways for change). For purposes of interrogating empirical evidence, this allows a heuristic distinction between different ‘topologies of incumbency’. With a conventional ‘eagle-eye view’ of a ‘closed topology’ forming one ideal-type, the paper systematically contrasts an alternative ‘worm-eye view’ of an ‘open topology’ of incumbency. This recognises that patterns in configuring fields that constitute incumbency are often more pervasive, polycongruent, entangled and plural (so less tractable) than envisaged in an ‘eagleeye’ view. This more nuanced, less instrumentalised, picture suggests other kinds of methodological responses in which some potentially empirically testable questions are explored. Possible practical implications extend beyond narrow policy interventions, to embrace broader and deeper kinds of political collective action, culture change and democratic struggle. The findings will be tested in a second empirical paper in this two-part series. |
| Keywords: | socio-material incumbency, power, political transformations, sustainability transitions, multi-level perspective, deep transitions, socio-technical systems, sociotechnical imaginaries, systems of innovation, regime theory, social field theory, structuration, material agency, social practices, configuring fields |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2018-23&r=all |
| By: | Claire Baldin (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Ludovic Ragni (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | : L'article évalue les limites de la méthodologie que Pareto applique à l'économie et à la sociologie. La première partie revisite les fondements sur lesquels repose la méthode logico-expérimentale et des approximations successives que Pareto propose pour les deux disciplines. La deuxième partie explicite les étapes qui définissent l'expérimentalisme de Pareto en sociologie. La troisième montre que les résultats que Pareto met en évidence impliquent qu'il n'applique pas la même méthodologie à l'économie et à la sociologie. La quatrième partie explique pourquoi les formes méthodologiques auxquelles Pareto recourt ne permettent pas la synthèse des résultats qu'il prêtant réaliser. |
| Keywords: | Economic methodology, Economic Thought, Sociology, Epistemology, Pareto, J-S Mill, Concrete Deductive Method, Logico-experimental method |
| JEL: | B13 B41 B15 B16 B31 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2019-02&r=all |
| By: | Simone Righi; Yuri Biondi |
| Abstract: | Our computational economic analysis investigates the relationship between inequality, mobility and the financial accumulation process. Extending the baseline model by Levy et al., we characterise the economic process through stylised return structures generating alternative evolutions of income and wealth through time. First, we explore the limited heuristic contribution of one and two factors models comprising one single stock (capital wealth) and one single flow factor (labour) as pure drivers of income and wealth generation and allocation over time. Second, we introduce heuristic modes of taxation in line with the baseline approach. Our computational economic analysis corroborates that the financial accumulation process featuring compound returns plays a significant role as source of inequality, while institutional arrangements including taxation play a significant role in framing and shaping the aggregate economic process that evolves over socioeconomic space and time. |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1901.03951&r=all |
| By: | Michel Bellet (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Adrien Lutz (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | Sraffa,Saint-Simonianism,continental banking,objectivism |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01973864&r=all |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Artola, María Antonia |
| Abstract: | A principios del nuevo siglo la incorporación de equipamiento informático y acceso a internet auguraba un futuro promisorio al sector cooperativo argentino pues la brecha digital en términos de acceso era reducida ofreciendo un perfil óptimo para la optimización de los procesos productivos, la visualización de su quehacer y el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de negocios. Diez años después las cooperativas presentan un mínimo nivel en la adopción de tecnologías ofreciendo un escaso número de entidades con nuevos canales para la comunicación en el ámbito digital y un asentamiento en la primera generación del desarrollo de comercio electrónico. Esta situación reduce las posibilidades de generar ventajas competitivas a través de la gestión de información y la aplicación de tecnologías para la creación de nuevos productos y servicios. Reconocida la falta de integración como una problemática extendida a nivel horizontal y vertical, la escasa aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías obra en detrimento de la incorporación del sector cooperativo a la nueva economía, la economía del conocimiento, alejando así no solo las posibilidades formativas y de acceso a la información sino además, conformando un espacio de aislamiento respecto de otros agentes y organizaciones del medio. Esta situación dificulta el reconocimiento de su accionar, la consolidación de su imagen y la adhesión de una masa crítica de usuarios. El propósito de la investigación es determinar las características de los grupos de adoptantes según la teoría de difusión de innovaciones de Rogers (1995) basadas en la incorporación de recursos de internet en el sector cooperativo del Partido de General Pueyrredon. Se aborda una investigación de tipo cuantitativa sobre los nombres de dominio registrados por las entidades desde el año 1995 hasta 2015 y se realiza la comparación de la curva de adopción del website corporativo a fin de identificar los grupos de adoptantes que puedan incorporar otras aplicaciones. Su reconocimiento implica la posibilidad tanto de agregar valor a las prestaciones que se brindan a los asociados como establecer políticas que faciliten la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías sobre aquellos grupos que se encuentran más próximos a la innovación. Para el análisis se emplea la categorización de usuarios definida por Roger que configura las proporciones de adopción de la innovación. Los resultados muestran un grupo de primeros adoptantes muy reducido, situación que refleja una exigua imitación y en consecuencia, un escaso volumen de estos grupos para consolidar futuras estrategias de incorporación de tecnologías. |
| Keywords: | Cooperativas; Internet; Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones; Difusión de Innovaciones; |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3013&r=all |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Artola, María Antonia |
| Abstract: | A principios del nuevo siglo la incorporación de equipamiento informático y acceso a internet auguraba un futuro promisorio al sector cooperativo argentino pues la brecha digital en términos de acceso era reducida ofreciendo un perfil óptimo para la optimización de los procesos productivos, la visualización de su quehacer y el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de negocios. Diez años después las cooperativas presentan un mínimo nivel en la adopción de tecnologías ofreciendo un escaso número de entidades con nuevos canales para la comunicación en el ámbito digital y un asentamiento en la primera generación del desarrollo de comercio electrónico. Esta situación reduce las posibilidades de generar ventajas competitivas a través de la gestión de información y la aplicación de tecnologías para la creación de nuevos productos y servicios. Reconocida la falta de integración como una problemática extendida a nivel horizontal y vertical, la escasa aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías obra en detrimento de la incorporación del sector cooperativo a la nueva economía, la economía del conocimiento, alejando así no solo las posibilidades formativas y de acceso a la información sino además, conformando un espacio de aislamiento respecto de otros agentes y organizaciones del medio. Esta situación dificulta el reconocimiento de su accionar, la consolidación de su imagen y la adhesión de una masa crítica de usuarios. El propósito de la investigación es determinar las características de los grupos de adoptantes según la teoría de difusión de innovaciones de Rogers (1995) basadas en la incorporación de recursos de internet en el sector cooperativo del Partido de General Pueyrredon. Se aborda una investigación de tipo cuantitativa sobre los nombres de dominio registrados por las entidades desde el año 1995 hasta 2015 y se realiza la comparación de la curva de adopción del website corporativo a fin de identificar los grupos de adoptantes que puedan incorporar otras aplicaciones. Su reconocimiento implica la posibilidad tanto de agregar valor a las prestaciones que se brindan a los asociados como establecer políticas que faciliten la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías sobre aquellos grupos que se encuentran más próximos a la innovación. Para el análisis se emplea la categorización de usuarios definida por Roger que configura las proporciones de adopción de la innovación. Los resultados muestran un grupo de primeros adoptantes muy reducido, situación que refleja una exigua imitación y en consecuencia, un escaso volumen de estos grupos para consolidar futuras estrategias de incorporación de tecnologías. |
| Keywords: | Cooperativas; Internet; Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones; Difusión de Innovaciones; |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3012&r=all |
| By: | Bodenheimer, Miriam |
| Abstract: | [Introduction] Globalization in the production process of consumer goods has led to the creation of intricate global production networks (GPNs), whose early stages are often characterized by poor working conditions and other social sustainability issues (SSIs). The changes needed to move towards more socially sustainable consumer products are not only complex, but also difficult to implement in highly competitive industries with powerful incumbent actors and often poor institutional conditions in producing countries. The resulting change processes can be conceptualized as emerging sustainability transitions in the sense of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP), where incumbent actors make up the current regime and innovative alternatives emerge in niches (Geels and Schot 2010). While the MLP has traditionally had a strong focus on technological innovation, sustainability transitions often require a change in behavior instead. To reflect this stronger focus on changes in behaviors, practices and decision-making processes, this paper uses the Model of Behavioral Transitions to Sustainability (BTS), a combined approach of the MLP with the Cyclical Dialectic Issue Lifecycle (C-DILC) model and two behavioral models (Bodenheimer 2018a). This paper is part of a larger series and compares the results of three in-depth case studies of GPNs, two in the garment and one in the smartphone sector, which examine the ongoing transition processes in these industries towards more socially sustainable GPNs from 1990 to 2016.. An in-depth description of the theoretical underpinnings can be found in Bodenheimer (2018a); the smartphone case study is described in detail in Bodenheimer (2018c) and the two garment cases are documented in Bodenheimer (2018b). In this paper, with regard to industry-specific framework conditions, we will treat the two garment sector cases as one, whereas with regard to transition dynamics, we will often analyze the European and US garment sectors separately, alongside the smartphone sector. In the following chapters, we will compare the case studies from the perspective of each of the components of the BTS model. Chapter 2 provides a brief summary of the theoretical background and BTS model. In Chapter 3, we will examine how the dialectic issue lifecycles have developed historically in each of the case studies and whether or not they have exhibited cyclicality thus far. We will pay particular attention to similarities and differences in those factors that moved each sector forward and/or backward between the different C-DILC phases. Next, we will sum up and compare insights regarding consumer and corporate behavior in the case studies in Chapter 4. With a view to consumers, we will place a particular focus on the question of why consumer demand is generally unlikely to play a significant role in moving the transition towards greater social sustainability in GPNs forward, although the degree to which this is true differs between the smartphone and garment sectors. With regard to corporate behavior, we will highlight the key similarities and differences between the two industry sectors, both with regard to the level of progress of the transition in each sector and the difficulties that still remain. Finally, in Chapter 5, we will take on a more macro-level perspective of the behavioral transitions in the case studies by analyzing interactions between each of the three MLP-levels and assessing which type of transition pathway each industry is most likely to follow if the transition is successful in the long-term. Chapter 6 concludes. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012019&r=all |
| By: | Francesco Pasimeni (SPRU, University of Sussex, THE UK; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Petten, Netherlands); Tommaso Ciarli (SPRU, University of Sussex, THE UK) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the process of coalition formation conditioning the common decision to adopt a shared good, which cannot be afforded by an average single consumer and whose use cannot be exhausted by any single consumer. An agent based model is developed to study the interplay between these two processes: coalition formation and diffusion of shared goods. Coalition formation is modelled in an evolutionary game theoretic setting, while adoption uses elements from both the Bass and the threshold models. Coalitions formation sets the conditions for adoption, while diffusion influences the consequent formation of coalitions. Results show that both coalitions and diffusion are subject to network effects and have an impact on the information flow though the population of consumers. Large coalitions are preferred over small ones since individual cost is lower, although it increases if higher quantities are purchased collectively. The paper concludes by connecting the model conceptualisation to the on-going discussion of diffusion of sustainable goods, discussing related policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Coalition formation, diffusion, shared goods, agent-based model |
| JEL: | D71 E27 O33 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2018-24&r=all |
| By: | Hannah Rose Emmert (The New School, Undergraduate Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This project came out of a behavioral economics class I took in 2016. Behavioral economics is the synthesis of human psychology and the more formulaic aspects of economics. I used this discipline as a lens for looking at how the financial services industry exploited the contemporary art market with it’s lack of regulation and transparency. My aim is to show the various ways this drastic financialization has happened by discussing the various heuristics used to value art and the financial instruments that financialized contemporary art mimics. Furthermore, I have found evidence that art is being used as collateral for important assets such as pension funds. The fact that art is volatile and unregulated makes art an unreliable investment and certainly not stable enough to base pension fund values on. This is the beginning of future research that I plan to conduct in an attempt to predict the eminent collapse of these contemporary art financial instruments. I hope to present this paper outline to book publishers to elaborate my findings into a book for industry professionals. |
| Keywords: | art market, art investments, financialization, art indexes, art trade, art auction valuation, art as capital, art as collateral, contemporary art, art-loans, heuristics, scarcity, confidence, herd mentality, bounded rationality |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:jpaper:040he&r=all |
| By: | Nicolas Piluso (CERTOP - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPS - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - INU Champollion - Institut national universitaire Champollion - Albi) |
| Abstract: | Nombreux sont les économistes à avoir tenté de rendre intelligible l'origine de la monnaie. La théorie de la valeur (approches classique, néoclassique ou marxiste) et l'approche chartaliste se sont longtemps opposées. De nouvelles approches ont émergé, aussi bien du côté de l'approche néoclassique standard que des approches hétérodoxes (avec, par exemple, la théorie d'Aglietta-Orléan ou la théorie post-keynésienne). Nous prenons dans cet article deux exemples de théories récentes, à savoir les modèles de prospection monétaire et la théorie né-chartaliste, pour donner un élément de réponse à la question de savoir s'il est utile ou non de chercher à rendre compte de l'origine de la monnaie au sein de la théorie économique. |
| Date: | 2017–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01965851&r=all |
| By: | Korkut Alp Erturk |
| Abstract: | The paper lays out a hypothesis about the effect global oversupply of labor had on induced technological change, clarifying how it might have contributed to the demand reversal for high skill workers and other recent observed trends in technological change in the US. The argument considers the effect of market friendly political/institutional transformations of the 1980s on technology as they created a potential for an integrated global labor market. The innovations induced by the promise of this potential eventually culminated in the creation of global value chains and production networks. These required large set up costs and skill enhancing innovations, but once in place they reduced the dependence of expanding low skill employment around the globe on skill intensive inputs from advanced countries, giving rise to the wellobserved high skill demand reversal and sputtering of IT investment. |
| Keywords: | Income inequality, job polarization, skill downgrading, induced technological change, organization of work, craft economy, global production networks JEL Classification: F60, F15, 030, E10, B51 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uta:papers:2019_02&r=all |